This article contains a list of treaties by number of parties to the

treaty A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...

. A "party" to a treaty is a state or other entity that ratifies, accedes to, approves, or succeeds to the treaty.

General principles of ratification

In general, multilateral treaties are open to ratification by any state. Some treaties may also be ratified by supranational bodies, such as the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...

, and by other international organizations. In practice, the depositary of a treaty will usually only recognise ratifications of the treaty that are performed by a state that is recognised as a state at international law. A state can be formally recognised as such by becoming a member of the United Nations; there are currently

member states of the United Nations The United Nations comprise sovereign states and the world's largest intergovernmental organization. All members have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The Charter of the United Nations defines the rules for admission of ...

. The only non-UN states that undoubtedly meet the standard of statehood are the

Cook Islands The Cook Islands is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands whose total land area is approximately . The Cook Islands' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers of ocean. Avarua is its ...

and

Niue Niue is a self-governing island country in free association with New Zealand. It is situated in the South Pacific Ocean and is part of Polynesia, and predominantly inhabited by Polynesians. One of the world's largest coral islands, Niue is c ...

, who have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognised by the

United Nations Secretariat The United Nations Secretariat is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), The secretariat is the UN's executive arm. The secretariat has an important role in setting the agenda for the deliberative and decision-making bodi ...

. The

Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...

(

Vatican City Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (; ), is a Landlocked country, landlocked sovereign state and city-state; it is enclaved within Rome, the capital city of Italy and Bishop of Rome, seat of the Catholic Church. It became inde ...

) is also widely recognised as being able to legitimately ratify treaties, and has been granted non-member observer state status by the

UN General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; , AGNU or AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ. Currently in its 79th session, its powers, ...

. Following the UNGA passing a resolution granting non-member observer state status to the

State of Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...

, the UNSG has begun to recognize its right to ratify treaties. Ratifications performed by other states with more limited recognition—such as

Abkhazia Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a List of states with limited recognition, partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It cover ...

, the

Republic of Artsakh Artsakh ( ), officially the Republic of Artsakh or the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh ( ), was a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory was internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Between 1991 and 2023, Artsakh cont ...

(

Nagorno-Karabakh Nagorno-Karabakh (, ; ) is a region in Azerbaijan, covering the southeastern stretch of the Lesser Caucasus mountain range. Part of the greater region of Karabakh, it spans the area between Lower Karabakh and Syunik Province, Syunik. Its ter ...

), the

Republic of China (Taiwan) Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

Kosovo Kosovo, officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe with International recognition of Kosovo, partial diplomatic recognition. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the ...

Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a ''de facto'' state that comprises the northeastern portion of the Geography of Cyprus, island of Cyprus. It is List of states with limited recognition, recognis ...

, the

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), also known as the Sahrawi Republic and Western Sahara, is a partially recognized state in the western Maghreb, which claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, but controls only ...

(

Western Sahara Western Sahara is a territorial dispute, disputed territory in Maghreb, North-western Africa. It has a surface area of . Approximately 30% of the territory () is controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR); the remaining 70% is ...

Somaliland Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, E ...

South Ossetia South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia or the State of Alania, is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus with International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, partial diplomatic recognition. It has an offici ...

, and

Transnistria Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and locally as Pridnestrovie, is a Landlocked country, landlocked Transnistria conflict#International recognition of Transnistria, breakaway state internationally recogn ...

—have usually not been recognised by treaty depositaries as states that can ratify treaties, although there are some exceptions to this general rule. If a state party to a treaty '' denounces'' the treaty, the state (often after a certain period before the denunciation takes effect) is no longer a party to the treaty, although in some cases certain parts of the treaty may continue to apply.

Ratifications by defunct states

States change over time, and often a state that ratified a treaty will cease to exist. International law deals with this issue in two ways. First, it is possible for a state to be declared the ''successor'' state to the defunct state. In this situation, any ratifications performed by the defunct state are transferred to and attributed to the successor state. Examples of successor states are the

Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

(successor to the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

(successor to the mainland

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

(successor to

Serbia and Montenegro The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro or simply Serbia and Montenegro, known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and commonly referred to as FR Yugoslavia (FRY) or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeast Europe locate ...

Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...

(successor to the Byelorussian SSR),

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

(successor to the

Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. ...

), and

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

(successor to Tanganyika). It is possible for a single state to be the successor state of multiple states, as with

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

being the successor state of both

North Yemen North Yemen () is a term used to describe the Kingdom of Yemen (1918-1962), the Yemen Arab Republic (1962-1990), and the regimes that preceded them and exercised sovereignty over that region of Yemen. Its capital was Sanaa from 1918 to 1948 an ...

and

South Yemen South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a country in South Arabia that existed in what is now southeast Yemen from 1967 until Yemeni unification, its unification with the Yemen A ...

. Second, some states have no legal successor state but cease to exist; in such cases, the ratifications performed by the state are disregarded. In some cases, such states are subsumed into an existing state, as when

East Germany East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...

merged into the

Federal Republic of Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 84 ...

, and when

Zanzibar Zanzibar is a Tanzanian archipelago off the coast of East Africa. It is located in the Indian Ocean, and consists of many small Island, islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba Island. ...

merged into

(at first ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''). In other cases, the defunct state is divided into two or more states, with none of the states being designated as the formal successor state. Examples of the latter situation include

SFR Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), known from 1945 to 1963 as the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country ...

(now six independent states) and

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

(now two independent states). In this situation, the new states usually declare which treaties the defunct state ratified continue to have force for the new state. Such a declaration is regarded as a "ratification" by the new state. For purposes of the numbers in this list, only ratifications, accessions, or successions of currently existing states are considered. No regard is given to ratifications by defunct states that have no current successor state.

Maximum limits to ratification numbers

Due to these limitations, in 2021, the maximum number of state ratifications that a multilateral treaty can have is 198; this total consists of all 193 UN member states; both UN observer states, the

(

) and the

; as well as the

, and

(member states of eight, five, and two UN specialized agencies respectively). If supranational or other international organizations ratify the treaty, the total number of ratifications may exceed 198.

Legal effect of a high number of ratifications

When a treaty is ratified by nearly all recognized states in the world, the legal principles contained in the treaty may become

customary international law Customary international law consists of international legal obligations arising from established or usual international practices, which are less formal customary expectations of behavior often unwritten as opposed to formal written treaties or c ...

. Customary international law applies to ''all'' states, whether or not the state has ratified a treaty that enshrines the principle. There is no set number of ratifications that are required to convert a treaty's principles into customary international law, and states and experts often disagree on what principles have and have not attained the status.

List of treaties by number of parties

Below is the list of treaties by number of parties. Only treaties with a minimum of 170 parties are included. {, class="wikitable sortable" !Treaty !Year concluded !Topic !UN !Non-UN !States !Other !Total !Non-parties , - ,

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons due to their contribution to the ...

, 1985 , Environment (ozone depletion) , 193 , 4
, 197 , 1
( EU) , 198 , — , - ,

Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 16 ...

, 1987 , Environment (ozone depletion) , 193 , 4
, 197 , 1
( EU) , 198 , — , - , UN Framework Convention on Climate Change , 1992 , Environment (climate change) , 193 , 4
, 197 , 1
( EU) , 198 , — , - ,

UN Convention to Combat Desertification The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD) is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through ...

, 1994 , Environment (desertification) , 193 , 3
, 196 , 1
( EU) , 197 , VAT , - ,

Geneva Conventions upright=1.15, The original document in single pages, 1864 The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian t ...

: First,

Second The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of U ...

, Third, Fourth , 1949 , International humanitarian law , 193 , 3
, 196 , 0 , 196 , NIU , - ,

Convention on the Rights of the Child The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is an international international human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of ch ...

, 1989 , Human rights , 192 , 4
, 196 , 0 , 196 , USA , - , Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage , 1972 , Cultural and natural heritage , 192 , 4
, 196 , 0 , 196 , LIE , - ,

Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity); the sustainable use of its ...

, 1992 , Environment (species preservation; sustainable development) , 192 , 3
, 195 , 1
( EU) , 196 , VAT, USA , - , Constitution of the Food and Agriculture Organization , 1945 , Organizational (

FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; . (FAO) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition ...

); agriculture; food , 192 , 2
, 194 , 1
( EU) , 195 , VAT, LIE, PSE , - ,

Paris Agreement The Paris Agreement (also called the Paris Accords or Paris Climate Accords) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement was ...

, 2015 , Environment (climate change) , 190 , 4
, 194 , 1
( EU) , 195 , IRN, LBY, YEM , - , Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union , 1865/1992 , Organizational ( ITU); telecommunications , 193 , 1
( VAT) , 194 , 0 , 194 , COK, NIU, PSE , - , Constitution of the World Health Organization , 1946 , Organizational (

WHO The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has 6 regional offices and 15 ...

); health , 192 , 2
, 194 , 0 , 194 , VAT, LIE, PSE , - , Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation , 1945 , Organizational (

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

); education; science; culture , 191 , 3
, 194 , 0 , 194 , VAT, ISR, LIE , - ,

United Nations Charter The Charter of the United Nations is the foundational treaty of the United Nations (UN). It establishes the purposes, governing structure, and overall framework of the United Nations System, UN system, including its United Nations System#Six ...

, 1945 , Organizational ( UN); pacific settlement of disputes , 193 , 0 , 193 , 0 , 193 , COK, VAT, NIU, PSE , - ,

Chemical Weapons Convention The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), officially the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for ...

, 1992 , Organizational ( OPCW); international humanitarian law; arms control , 189 , 4
, 193 , 0 , 193 , EGY, ISR, PRK,

SSD A solid-state drive (SSD) is a type of solid-state storage device that uses Integrated circuit, integrated circuits to store data persistence (computer science), persistently. It is sometimes called semiconductor storage device, solid-stat ...

, - ,

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation The Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating international air trav ...

, 1944 , Organizational (

ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sch ...

); air transport , 192 , 1
( COK) , 193 , 0 , 193 , VAT, LIE, NIU, PSE , - ,

Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is an international treaty that defines a framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries. Its aim is to facilitate "the development of friendly relations" among government ...

, 1961 , Privileges and immunities; diplomatic relations , 191 , 2
, 193 , 0 , 193 , COK, NIU, PLW,

, - ,

WIPO Convention The WIPO Convention (formally, the Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization) is a multilateral treaty that established the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). History The convention was signed at Stockhol ...

, 1967 , Organizational (

WIPO The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO was created to pr ...

); intellectual property , 190 , 3
, 193 , 0 , 193 , FSM, PLW, PSE,

, - , Constitution of the International Criminal Police Organization , 1923/1956 , Organizational (

Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL (abbreviated as ICPO–INTERPOL), commonly known as Interpol ( , ; stylized in allcaps), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and crime cont ...

); law enforcement cooperation , 191 , 2
, 193 , 0 , 193 , COK, NIU, PRK, TUV , - ,

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international human rights instrument, international human rights multilateral treaty, treaty of the United Nations intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with Disabil ...

, 2006 , Human rights , 190 , 2
, 192 , 1
( EU) , 193 , VAT, NIU, TJK,

TON Ton is any of several units of measure of mass, volume or force. It has a long history and has acquired several meanings and uses. As a unit of mass, ''ton'' can mean: * the '' long ton'', which is * the ''tonne'', also called the ''metric ...

, USA , - ,

Kyoto Protocol The was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is oc ...

, 1997 , Environment (climate change) , 189 , 2
, 191 , 1
( EU) , 192 , AND, CAN, VAT, PSE,

, USA , - , UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances , 1988 , Drug control , 187 , 4
, 191 , 1
( EU) , 192 , GNQ, KIR, PNG, SLB, SOM, TUV , - , United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime , 2000 , Organized crime; international criminal law , 187 , 4
, 191 , 1
( EU) , 192 , COG, IRN, PNG, SLB, SOM, TUV , - , International Convention Against Doping in Sport , 2005 , Doping in sport , 190 , 2
, 192 , 0 , 192 , AFG, GNB, LIE, NIU, VAT , - , Basel Convention , 1992 , Environmental (hazardous waste disposal) , 188 , 2
, 190 , 1
( EU) , 191 , TLS, FJI, HTI, VAT, NIU,

, USA , - ,

United Nations Convention against Corruption The United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) is the only legally binding international anti-corruption multilateral treaty. Negotiated by UN member states, member states of the United Nations (UN) it was adopted by the UN General Ass ...

, 2003 , International criminal law , 186 , 4
, 190 , 1
( EU) , 191 , AND, ERI, MCO, PRK, VCT, SMR, SYR , - , Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund , 1944 , Organizational (

IMF The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of la ...

);

international development International development or global development is a broad concept denoting the idea that societies and countries have differing levels of economic development, economic or human development (economics), human development on an international sca ...

, 190 , 1
( UNK) , 191 , 0 , 191 , COK, CUB, VAT, MCO, NIU, PRK, PSE , - ,

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperatio ...

, 1968 , Arms control , 188 , 2
, 190 , 0 , 190 , COK,

IND Ind or IND may refer to: General * Independent (politician), a politician not affiliated to any political party * Independent station, used within television program listings and the television industry for a station that is not affiliated with ...

, ISR, NIU, PRK, PAK,

, - , International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism , 1999 , Terrorism , 187 , 3
, 190 , 0 , 190 , BDI, TCD, ERI, IRN, PSE, SOM, TUV , - , Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation , 1971 , Aviation; terrorism , 188 , 2
, 190 , 0 , 190 , TLS, ERI, VAT, KIR, PSE,

, TUV , - ,

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly. Described as an international bill of rights for women, it was instituted ...

, 1979 , Human rights , 187 , 2
, 189 , 0 , 189 , VAT, IRN, PLW, NIU, SOM, SDN,

, USA , - , Articles of Agreement of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development , 1944 , Organizational ( IBRD);

, 188 , 1
( UNK) , 189 , 0 , 189 , AND, COK, CUB, VAT, LIE, MCO, NIU, PRK, PSE , - ,

Biological Weapons Convention The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), or Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), is a disarmament treaty that effectively bans Biological weapons, biological and toxin weapons by prohibiting their development, production, acquisition, ...

, 1972 , International humanitarian law; arms control , 185 , 4
, 189 , 0 , 189 , TCD, DJI, ERI, EGY, HTI, ISR, SOM, SYR , - , Tokyo Convention , 1969 , Terrorism, air transport , 186 , 2
, 188 , 0 , 188 , DMA, TLS, ERI, VAT, KIR, FSM, PSE,

, TUV , - , Constitution of the Universal Postal Union , 1964 , Organizational ( UPU); postal , 186 , 1
( VAT) , 187 , 0 , 187 , AND, DOM, HND, MHL, FSM, PLW, PSE, SDN , - , Constitution of the International Labour Organization , 1919/1945 , Organizational ( ILO); labour , 186 , 1 ( COK) , 187 , 0 , 187 , AND, BHU, VAT, LIE, FSM, MCO, NIU, PRK, NRU, PSE , - , Convention of the World Meteorological Organization , 1950 , Meteorology , 185 , 2
, 187 , 0 , 187 , GNQ, GRD, LIE, MHL, PLW, KNA, VCN, SMR, PSE, VAT , - ,

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention The Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, known in short as the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1 ...

, 1999 , Human rights; labour , 186 , 1 ( COK) , 187 , 0 , 187 , , - , Hague Hijacking Convention , 1970 , Terrorism, air transport , 185 , 2
, 187 , 0 , 187 , BDI, TLS, ERI, VAT, KIR, FSM, PSE, SLB,

, TUV , - ,

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (Single Convention, 1961 Convention, or C61) is an international treaty that controls activities (cultivation, production, supply, trade, transport) involving specific narcotic drugs and lays down a ...

, 1961 , Drug control , 184 , 2
, 186 , 0 , 186 , TCD, COK, TLS, GNQ, KIR, NRU, WSM,

, TUV, VUT , - , Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2001 , Environmental (persistent organic pollutants) , 182 , 3
, 185 , 1
( EU) , 186 , AND, BTN, BRN, TLS, HTI, VAT, ISR, MYS, SMR,

, TKM, USA , - , Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation , 1955 , Organizational ( IFC);

, 185 , 1
( UNK) , 186 , 0 , 186 , AND, COK, CUB, VAT, LIE, MCO, NRU, NIU, PRK, PSE, SMR, VCT , - , International Plant Protection Convention , 1951 , Agricultural (pest protection) , 182 , 2
, 184 , 1
( EU) , 185 , AND, AGO, BRN, KIR, LIE, MHL, MCO, NRU, PSE, SMR, TLS, TKM, VAT , - ,

CITES CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of inte ...

, 1973 , Environmental (species preservation) , 184 , 0 , 184 , 1
( EU) , 185 , COK, HTI, KIR, MHL, FSM, NIU, NRU, PRK, PSE,

, TLS, TUV, VAT , - , Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children , 2000 , Human rights; international criminal law (human trafficking) , 183 , 1 ( PSE) , 184 , 1
( EU) , 185 , COG, COK, IRN, NIU, PRK, PNG, WSM, SLB,

, TUV, VUT, VAT, YEM , - ,

Convention on Psychotropic Substances The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed in Vienna, Austria on 21 February ...

, 1971 , Drug control , 182 , 2
, 184 , 0 , 184 , COK, TLS, GNQ, HTI, KIR, LBR, NRU, NIU, WSM, SLB,

, TUV, VUT , - , Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage , 2003 , Cultural heritage , 182 , 2
, 184 , 0 , 184 , , - , WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control , 2003 , Health , 180 , 2
, 182 , 1
( EU) , 183 , , - ,

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations is an international treaty that defines a framework for consulate, consular International relations, relations between sovereign states. It codifies many consular practices that originated from Customar ...

, 1963 , Privileges and immunities; diplomatic relations , 180 , 2
, 182 , 0 , 182 , , - ,

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention. A third-generation human rights instrument, the Convention commits its members to the elimination of racial discri ...

, 1969 , Human rights , 180 , 2
, 182 , 0 , 182 , , - , Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency , 1985 , Organizational ( MIGA);

, 181 , 1
( UNK) , 182 , 0 , 182 , , - , Convention establishing a Customs Co-operation Council , 1950 , Organizational ( WCO); customs , 180 , 1
{{ubl, ( UNK, PSE) , 182 , 0{{efn, An amendment allowing accession by regional organizations and customs territories has not entered into force , 182{{efn, The depositary (Government of Belgium) has registered 4 more parties, as it includes the dependent territories of

Bermuda Bermuda is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. The closest land outside the territory is in the American state of North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. Bermuda is an ...

Netherlands Antilles The Netherlands Antilles (, ; ), also known as the Dutch Antilles, was a constituent Caribbean country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands consisting of the islands of Saba (island), Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten in the Lesser Antilles, ...

Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...

, and

Macau Macau or Macao is a special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). With a population of about people and a land area of , it is the most List of countries and dependencies by p ...

. , , - , Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works , 1886 , Intellectual property (copyright) , 178 , 3
{{ubl, ( COK, VAT, NIU) , 181 , 0 , 181 , , - , Forced Labour Convention , 1930 , Human rights; labour , 180 , 1
( COK) , 181 , 0 , 181 , , - ,

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, signed in Paris, France, on 20 March 1883, is one of the first intellectual property treaties. It established a Union for the protection of industrial property. The convention is s ...

, 1883 , Intellectual property , 180 , 1
( VAT) , 181 , 0 , 181 , , - , Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents , 1973 , Anti-terrorism; privileges and immunities; diplomatic relations , 177 , 3
{{ubl, ( VAT, NIU, PSE) , 180 , 0 , 180 , , - , Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency{{cite web, url=https://www.iaea.org/about/governance/list-of-member-states, title=List of Member States, date=2018-04-30, accessdate=2018-05-22, publisher=

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear technology, nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was ...

, 1956 , Peaceful use of nuclear energy , 178 , 2
{{ubl, ( COK, VAT) , 180 , 0 , 180 , {{efn, North Korea ratified the IAEA Statute in 1974, but denounced it in 1994. , - , Agreement establishing the International Fund for Agricultural Development , 1976 , Organizational ( IFAD); development , 178 , 2
{{ubl, ( COK, NIU) , 180 , 0 , 180 , , - , Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography , 2000 , Human rights , 176 , 2
{{ubl, ( VAT, PSE) , 178 , 0 , 178 , , - , Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports serving International Civil Aviation , 1988 , aviation; terrorism , 176 , 2
{{ubl, ( COK, NIU) , 178 , 0 , 178 , , - ,

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. It was adopted by the United Nati ...

, 1996 (not in force) , Arms control , 175 , 3
{{ubl, ( COK, VAT, NIU) , 178 , 0 , 178{{efn, Treaty has not entered into force. , {{efn, Russia ratified the treaty, but withdrew prior to its entry into force. , - , Minimum Age Convention, 1973 , 1973 , Human rights; labour , 177 , 0 , 177 , 0 , 177 , , - , Abolition of Forced Labour Convention , 1957 , Human rights; labour , 175 , 1
( COK) , 176 , 0 , 176 , {{efn, Malaysia and Singapore ratified the Convention, but denounced it subsequently. , - , International Convention against the Taking of Hostages , 1979 , Terrorism , 175 , 1
( NIU) , 176 , 0 , 176 , , - , Convention on the International Maritime Organization , 1948 , Organizational ( IMO);

admiralty law Maritime law or admiralty law is a body of law that governs nautical issues and private maritime disputes. Admiralty law consists of both domestic law on maritime activities, and conflict of laws, private international law governing the relations ...

;

law of the sea Law of the sea (or ocean law) is a body of international law governing the rights and duties of State (polity), states in Ocean, maritime environments. It concerns matters such as navigational rights, sea mineral claims, and coastal waters juris ...

, 175 , 1
( COK) , 176 , 0 , 176 , , - , Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention , 1958 , Human rights; labour , 175 , 0 , 175 , 0 , 175 , , - , Constitution of the International Organization for Migration , 1953 , Migration , 173 , 2
{{ubl, ( COK, VAT) , 175 , 0 , 175{{efn, Moreover, Bahrain, Bhutan, Indonesia, Kuwait, Malaysia, Qatar, San Marino and Saudi Arabia are Observer States. , , - , Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association , 1960 , Organizational ( IDA);

, 174 , 1
( UNK) , 175 , 0 , 175 , , - , Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment , 1984 , Human rights , 173 , 2
{{ubl, ( VAT, PSE) , 175 , 0 , 175 , , - ,

Protocol I Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) is a 1977 amendment Protocol (diplomacy), protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian casualty, civilian victims of international war, including "armed conflicts in ...

{{cite web, url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/content/dam/eda/fr/documents/aussenpolitik/voelkerrecht/geneve/1977-PROT-1_fr.pdf, title=Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés internationaux (Protocole I), accessdate=2022-10-02, publisher= Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland, language=French , 1977 , International humanitarian law , 171 , 3
{{ubl, ( COK, VAT, PSE) , 174 , 0 , 174 , , - , Equal Remuneration Convention , 1951 , Human rights; labour , 174 , 0 , 174 , 0 , 174 , , - ,

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty that commits nations to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom ...

, 1966 , Human rights , 173 , 1
( PSE) , 174 , 0 , 174 , , - , Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety , 2000 , Environment (species preservation; biological technology) , 170 , 2
{{ubl, ( NIU, PSE) , 172 , 1
( EU) , 173 , , - , Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict , 2000 , Human rights , 171 , 2
{{ubl, ( VAT, PSE) , 173 , 0 , 173 , , - ,

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (GA) on 16 December 1966 through GA. Resolution 2200A (XXI), and came into force on 3 January 197 ...

, 1976 , Human rights , 172 , 1
( PSE) , 173 , 0 , 173 , , - , Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat , 1971 , Environment (species preservation; waterfowl; wetlands) , 172 , 0 , 172 , 0 , 172 , , - ,

Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, commonly known as the New York Convention, was adopted by a United Nations diplomatic conference on 10 June 1958 and entered into force on 7 June 1959. The Convention ...

, 1958 ,

International arbitration International arbitration can refer to arbitration between companies or individuals in different states, usually by including a provision for future disputes in a contract (typically referred to as international commercial arbitration) or betwee ...

, 169 , 3
{{ubl, ( COK, VAT, PSE) , 172 , 0 , 172 , , - , Constitution of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization , 1979 , Organizational (

UNIDO The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in ...

);

, 171 , 1
( PSE) , 172 , 0 , 172{{efn, However, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Greece, Lithuania, New Zealand, Portugal, Slovakia, the United Kingdom and the United States denounced the treaty. , , - ,

International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings The Terrorist Bombings Convention (formally the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings) is a 1997 United Nations Multilateral treaty, treaty designed to criminalize terrorist bombings. The convention describes terrori ...

, 1997 , Terrorism , 169 , 1
( NIU) , 170 , 0 , 170 , , - ,

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international treaty that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. , 169 sov ...

{{cite web, url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI-6&chapter=21&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en, title=United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, access-date=1 December 2013, publisher=

United Nations Treaty Series A treaty series is an officially published collection of Treaty, treaties and other international agreements. Americas Canada Treaties in force for Canada are published in the Canada Treaty Series. United States Treaties and international ...

, archive-date=18 May 2021, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518174934/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI-6&chapter=21&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en, url-status=live , 1982 ,

, 166 , 3
{{ubl, ( COK, NIU, PSE) , 169 , 1
( EU) , 170 ,

Notes

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References

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Treaties A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...