There are known

exoplanet An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first confirmed detection of an exoplanet was in 1992 around a pulsar, and the first detection around a main-sequence star was in 1995. A different planet, first det ...

s, or planets outside the

Solar System The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies. The International Astronomical Union, the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Sola ...

that orbit a star, as of ; only a small fraction of these are located in the vicinity of the Solar System. Within , there are 106 exoplanets listed as confirmed by the

NASA Exoplanet Archive The NASA Exoplanet Archive is an online astronomical exoplanet catalog and data service that collects and serves public data that support the search for and characterization of extra-solar planets (exoplanets) and their host stars. It is part of ...

. Among the over 500 known stars and

brown dwarf Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that have more mass than the biggest gas giant planets, but less than the least massive main sequence, main-sequence stars. Their mass is approximately 13 to 80 Jupiter mass, times that of Jupiter ()not big en ...

s within 10 parsecs, around 60 have been confirmed to have planetary systems; 51 stars in this range are visible to the naked eye, eight of which have planetary systems. The first report of an exoplanet within this range was in 1998 for a planet orbiting around Gliese 876 (15.3 light-years (ly) away), and the latest as of 2025 is a system around

Barnard's Star Barnard's Star is a small red dwarf star in the constellation of Ophiuchus. At a distance of from Earth, it is the fourth-nearest-known individual star to the Sun after the three components of the Alpha Centauri system, and is the c ...

(6.0 ly). The closest exoplanets are those found orbiting the star closest to the Solar System, which is

Proxima Centauri Proxima Centauri is the nearest star to Earth after the Sun, located 4.25 light-years away in the southern constellation of Centaurus. This object was discovered in 1915 by Robert T. A. Innes, Robert Innes. It is a small, low-mass st ...

4.25 light-years away. The first confirmed exoplanet discovered in the Proxima Centauri system was Proxima Centauri b, in 2016. HD 219134 (21.6 ly) has six exoplanets, the highest number discovered for any star within this range. Most known nearby exoplanets orbit close to their stars. A majority are significantly larger than Earth, but a few have similar masses, including planets around

YZ Ceti YZ Ceti is a red dwarf star in the constellation Cetus. Although it is relatively close to the Sun at just 12 light years, this star cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is classified as a flare star that undergoes intermittent fluctuati ...

, Gliese 367, Proxima Centauri, and

which may be less massive than Earth. Several confirmed exoplanets are hypothesized to be potentially habitable, with Proxima Centauri b and GJ 1002 b (15.8 ly) considered among the most likely candidates. The

International Astronomical Union The International Astronomical Union (IAU; , UAI) is an international non-governmental organization (INGO) with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and developmen ...

has assigned proper names to some known extrasolar bodies, including nearby exoplanets, through the

NameExoWorlds NameExoWorlds (also known as IAU NameExoWorlds) were various projects managed by the International Astronomical Union (I.A.U.) to encourage names to be submitted for astronomical objects, notably exoplanets. The accepted names would later be cons ...

project. Planets named in the 2015 event include the planets around Epsilon Eridani (10.5 ly) and Fomalhaut, while planets named in the 2022 event include those around Gliese 436, Gliese 486, and Gliese 367.

Exoplanets within 10 parsecs

Excluded objects

Unlike for bodies within the

, there is no clearly established method for officially recognizing an exoplanet. According to the

, an exoplanet should be considered confirmed if it has not been disputed for five years after its discovery. There have been examples where the existence of exoplanets has been proposed, but even after follow-up studies their existence is still considered doubtful by some astronomers. Such cases include Wolf 359 (7.9 ly, in 2019), LHS 288 (15.8 ly, in 2007), and Gliese 682 (16.3 ly, in 2014). There are also several instances where proposed exoplanets were later disproved by subsequent studies, including candidates around

Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri (, α Cen, or Alpha Cen) is a star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus (constellation), Centaurus. It consists of three stars: Rigil Kentaurus (), Toliman (), and Proxima Centauri (). Proxima Centauri ...

B (4.36 ly),

Kapteyn's Star Kapteyn's Star is a class M1 red subdwarf about 12.83 light-years from Earth in the southern constellation Pictor; it is the closest halo star to the Solar System. With an apparent magnitude of nearly 9, it is visible through binocul ...

(12.8 ly), Van Maanen 2 (14.1 ly), Groombridge 1618 (15.9 ly), AD Leonis (16.2 ly), 40 Eridani A (16.3 ly), Gliese 229 A (18.8 ly), VB 10 (19.3 ly), and Fomalhaut (25.1 ly). In 2021, a candidate planet was detected around

Vega Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It has the Bayer designation α Lyrae, which is Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated Alpha Lyr or α Lyr. This star is relatively close at only from the Sun, and ...

, though it has yet to be confirmed. Another candidate planet, Candidate 1, was directly imaged around

A, though it may also be a clump of asteroids or an artifact of the discovery mechanism. Candidate planets around (8.77 ly) and GJ 3378 (25.2 ly) were reported in 2024. The Working Group on Extrasolar Planets of the International Astronomical Union adopted in 2003 a working definition on the upper limit for what constitutes a planet: not being massive enough to sustain thermonuclear fusion of

deuterium Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, H. The deuterium nucleus (deuteron) contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more c ...

. Some studies have calculated this to be somewhere around 13 times the mass of Jupiter, and therefore objects more massive than this are usually classified as

s. Some proposed candidate exoplanets have been shown to be massive enough to fall above the threshold, and thus are likely brown dwarfs, as is the case for: SCR 1845-6357 B (13.1 ly), SDSS J1416+1348 B (30.3 ly), and

WISE 1217+1626 B Wise, as a word, refers to someone with wisdom. Wise may also refer to: People * Wise (surname) * Wise (composer), also known as Wise da' Gangsta, a reggaeton producer/songwriter * Wise (rapper) (born 1979), Japanese hip hop artist * Wise (Ste ...

(30 ly). Excluded from the current list are known examples of potential free-floating sub-brown dwarfs, or " rogue planets", which are bodies that are too small to undergo fusion yet they do not revolve around a star. Known such examples include:

WISE 0855−0714 WISE 0855−0714 (full designation WISE J085510.83−071442.5, or W0855 for short) is a sub-brown dwarf of Y dwarf, spectral class Y4, located from the Sun in the constellation Hydra (constellation), Hydra. It is the fourth-List of ne ...

(7.4 ly), UGPS 0722-05, (13.4 ly) WISE 1541−2250 (18.6 ly), and SIMP J01365663+0933473 (20.0 ly).

Notes

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* * * * * * * * {{featured list Planetary systems Nearest nearest exoplanets

Exoplanets within 10 parsecs

Excluded objects

See also

Notes

References

External links