This list contains the names of individuals involved in the

German resistance to Nazism The German resistance to Nazism () included unarmed and armed opposition and disobedience to the Nazi Germany, Nazi regime by various movements, groups and individuals by various means, from assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler, attempts to ass ...

, but is not a complete list. Names are periodically added, but not all names are known. There are both men and women on this list of ("Resistance fighters") primarily German, some Austrian or from elsewhere, who risked or lost their lives in a number of ways. They tried to overthrow the

National Socialist Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During Hitler's rise to power, it was frequen ...

regime, they denounced its wars as criminal, tried to prevent

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

and sabotaged German attacks on other countries. Some tried to protect those who were being harmed and persecuted by the Nazis, others merely refused to contribute to the Nazi war effort. Most of those on the list worked with others; their affiliated resistance group or groups are listed. Where no group is mentioned, the individual acted alone.

A

Anton Ackermann Anton Ackermann (born Eugen Hanisch, 25 November 1905 – 4 May 1973) was an East German politician. In 1953, he briefly served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Life and career He was born into the family of a weaver and worked as an unskilled la ...

(real name: Eugen Hanisch, 25 December 1905 Thalheim, Saxony - 4 May 1973

East Berlin East Berlin (; ) was the partially recognised capital city, capital of East Germany (GDR) from 1949 to 1990. From 1945, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet occupation sector of Berlin. The American, British, and French se ...

) was an

East German East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally vie ...

politician * (1876–1951) Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP),

National Committee for a Free Germany The National Committee for a Free Germany (, or NKFD) was an Anti-fascism, anti-fascist political and military organisation formed in the Soviet Union during World War II, composed mostly of German defectors from the ranks of German prisoners of ...

in Switzerland * Wolfgang Abendroth (1906–1985) KPO, Neu Beginnen, ELAS * (1894–1949) DDP * Robert Abshagen (1911–1944), KPD * Alexander Abusch (1902–1982), KPD * (1888–1943), SPD, supporter of Polish resistance group organized by Ignaz Hulka * (1918–1995),

White Rose The White Rose (, ) was a Nonviolence, non-violent, intellectual German resistance to Nazism, resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students and one professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, University of Munich ...

* Edgar André (1894–1936), KPD"Männer und Frauen aus dem Hamburger Widerstand"
List of Hamburg Resistance fighters executed or who died in custody. * (1885–1960), SPD * Agnes Asche (1881–1966), SPD member, arrested for distributing illegal newspapers *

Rosa Aschenbrenner Rosa Aschenbrenner (born ''Rosa Lierl'': 27 April 1885 – 9 February 1967) was a German politician ( KPD / SPD). After the Second World War, she became increasingly marginalised from the political mainstream because of her opposition to rearmam ...

(1885–1967), Rote Hilfe * Judith Auer (1905–1944),

Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization The Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, ''Die Innere Front'' ("The Internal Front"). In the 1940s, the Communist Party of German ...

* (1905–1975) SPD,

International Transport Workers' Federation The International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) is a democratic global union federation of transport workers' trade unions, founded in 1896. In 2017 the ITF had 677 member organizations in 149 countries, representing a combined membership o ...

* Hermann Axen (1916–1992), KPD

B

* Bruno Bachler (1924–2015), Edelweißpiraten * Lagi von Ballestrem (1909–1955), Solf Circle * (1897–1945), KPD * Karl Baier (1887–1973), Rote Hilfe * (1881–1931), KPD *

Karl Barth Karl Barth (; ; – ) was a Swiss Reformed theologian. Barth is best known for his commentary '' The Epistle to the Romans'', his involvement in the Confessing Church, including his authorship (except for a single phrase) of the Barmen Decl ...

(1886–1968), theologian,

Confessing Church The Confessing Church (, ) was a movement within German Protestantism in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to unify all of the Protestant churches into a single pro-Nazi German Evangelical Church. See dro ...

* (1906–1944), KPD * Bernhard Bästlein (1894–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group and

* Albert Battel (1891–1952),

Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...

* Herbert Baum (1912–1942), KJVD, Herbert Baum Group * Marianne Baum (1912–1942), Herbert Baum Group * (1911–1988), SPD-RK * Artur Becker (1905–1938), KPD * Arno Behrisch (1913–1989),

Socialist Workers' Party of Germany The Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (, SAPD) was a centrist Marxist political party in Germany. It was formed as a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931, the remnants of the ...

, ITF * (1896–1997),

Catholic church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

Hans Beimler (Communist) Johannes Baptist "Hans" Beimler (2 July 1895 – 1 December 1936) was a German trade unionist, Communist Party official, Reichstag Legislator, deputy, an outspoken German resistance to Nazism, opponent of the Nazis and a volunteer in the Interna ...

(1895–1936), KPD * Walter Beling (1899–1988), Résistance * (1895–1942), KPD * Helene Berg (1906–2006) *

Hans Berger Hans Berger (21 May 1873 – 1 June 1941) was a German psychiatrist. He is best known as the inventor of electroencephalography (EEG) in 1924, which is a method used for recording the electrical activity of the brain, commonly described in terms ...

(1873–1941), psychiatrist * (1914–2011), IKD, secretary of

Oskar Schindler Oskar Schindler (; 28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist, humanitarian, and member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and amm ...

* (1913–2005) KPO * (1877–1949), Rote Hilfe * Gustav Bermel (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * Eberhard Bethge (1909–2000), student of Dietrich Bonhoeffer * Wilhelm Beuttel (1901–1944), Rote Hilfe * Karl Biedermann (1890–1945),

, Operation Radetzky * Dagobert Biermann (1904–1943), KPD * Charlotte Bischoff (1901–1994), KPD, Red Orchestra * Peter Blachstein (1911–1977),

, SJVD, Neuer Weg Group * (1901–1943), KPD *

Willi Bleicher Willi Bleicher (; 27 October 1907 – 23 June 1981) was one of the best known and, according to at least one source, one of the most important and effective German trades union leaders of the post-war decades. In 1965 Yad Vashem recognized Will ...

(1907–1981), KPD, unionist * (1900–1965), Socialist Front * (1906–1941),

, SJVD * Herbert Bochow (1906–1942), KPD * Franz Boehm (1880–1945), Roman Catholic

parish priest A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or ...

* Gustav Böhrnsen (1914–1998) SPD, unionist * Hermann Böse (1870–1943), Communist resistance * Walter Bohne (1903–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group * (1904–1943), Rote Hilfe * Eugen Bolz (1881–1945),

Zentrumspartei The Centre Party (, Z), officially the German Centre Party (, DZP) and also known in English as the Catholic Centre Party, is a Christian democracy, Christian democratic political party in Germany. It was most influential in the German Empire a ...

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Dietrich Bonhoeffer (; 4 February 1906 – 9 April 1945) was a German Lutheran pastor, neo-orthodox theologian and anti-Nazi dissident who was a key founding member of the Confessing Church. His writings on Christianity's role in the s ...

(1906–1945),

Klaus Bonhoeffer Klaus Bonhoeffer (5 January 1901 – 23 April 1945) was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime who was executed after the July 1944 plot to kill Hitler. Early life Klaus Bonhoeffer was born in Breslau, Germany, now Wro ...

(1901–1945),

* Erwin Bowien (1899–1972), Painter and author * (1897–1968), KPD Erwin Bowien Selbstbildnis 1920

Willy Brandt Willy Brandt (; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and concurrently served as the Chancellor ...

(1913–1992),

* Otto Brass (1875–1950), Deutsche Volksfront *

Willi Bredel Willi Bredel (2 May 1901 – 27 October 1964) was a German writer and president of the East Germany, East German Academy of Arts, Berlin. Born in Hamburg, he was a pioneer of socialist realist literature. Life and career Born into the fami ...

(1901–1964), KPD * Rudolf Breitscheid (1874–1944), SPD *

Otto Brenner Otto Brenner (8 November 1907 – 15 April 1972) was a German trades unionist and politician. Between 1956 and 1972 he was the leader of the powerful IG Metall ''(Industrial Union of Metalworkers)''. In a tribute published in 1967 to celebrate ...

(1907–1972),

* Hein Brettschneider (d. 1944), KPD * Hermann Brill (1895–1959), Neu Beginnen, Deutsche Volksfront, Buchenwald Popular Front Committee * (1886–1944), SPD * Paul Bromme (1906–1975),

Sopade Sopade (Social Democratic Party of Germany in exile (''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands im Exil''), also written SoPaDe or SOPADE, ) was the name of the board of directors (''Vorstand'') of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (Social De ...

, RSD *

Arnolt Bronnen Arnolt Bronnen (19 August 1895 – 12 October 1959) was an Austrian playwright and director. Life and career Bronnen was born in Vienna, Austria, the son of the Austrian-Jewish writer Ferdinand Bronner and his Christian wife Martha Bronner. B ...

(1895–1959), Willy-Fred * (1893–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group * (1889–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group * Eberhard Brünen (1906–1980),

* (1889–1964),

Heimwehr The Heimwehr (, ) or Heimatschutz (, ) was a nationalist, initially paramilitary group that operated in the First Austrian Republic from 1920 to 1936. It was similar in methods, organization, and ideology to the Freikorps in Germany. The Heimwe ...

* Werner Bruschke (1898–1995), SPD * "Appel" (1912–1978), KPD * (1889–1940), KPO * (1908–1980), Rote Hilfe * (1890–1938), Rote Hilfe * (1901–1934) KPD * (1905–1945) SPD * Ernst Busch (1900–1980), actor, KPD *

Wilhelm Busch Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch (14 April 1832 – 9 January 1908) was a German humorist, poet, illustrator, and painter. He published wildly innovative illustrated tales that remain influential to this day. Busch drew on the tropes of f ...

(1897–1966),

C

* (1916–1945), *

Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a admiral (Germany), German admiral and the chief of the ''Abwehr'' (the German military intelligence, military-intelligence service) from 1935 to 1944. Initially a supporter of Ad ...

(1887–1945), * Emil Carlebach (1914–2001), KPD * (1909–1988), KPD * (1909–1988), chemist * (1893–1935), Rote Hilfe * (1898–1945), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group * (d. 1942), KPD * (1894–1945), KPD * (1876–1945), SPD

D

* Jakob Dautzenberg (1897–1979), KPD *

Alfred Delp Alfred Friedrich Delp (; 15 September 1907 – 2 February 1945) was a German Jesuit priest and philosopher of the German Resistance. A member of the inner Kreisau Circle resistance group, he is considered a significant figure in Catholic ...

(1907–1945),

* (1907–2000), Rote Hilfe * (1892–1973), SPD *

Marlene Dietrich Marie Magdalene "Marlene" DietrichBorn as Maria Magdalena, not Marie Magdalene, according to Dietrich's biography by her daughter, Maria Riva ; however, Dietrich's biography by Charlotte Chandler cites "Marie Magdalene" as her birth name . (, ; ...

(1901–1992), actress and singer * (1908–1992),

* Willi Dickhut (1904–1992), KPD * (1904–1993), SPD *

Hans von Dohnanyi Hans von Dohnanyi (; originally ''Johann von Dohnányi'' ; 1 January 1902 – 8 or 9 April 1945) was a Germans, German jurist. He used his position in the Abwehr to help Jews escape Germany, worked with German resistance to Nazism, German r ...

(1902–1945),

* Leo Drabent (1899–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group * Fritz Dressel (1896–1933), KPD * (1896–1976),

Ernst Niekisch Ernst Niekisch (23 May 1889 – 23 May 1967) was a German writer and political theorist. Initially a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and of the Old Social Democratic Party of Germany (ASP), he later became a prominent exponent of th ...

resistance movement

E

Fritz Eberhard Fritz Eberhard (2 October 1896 – 30 March 1982) was a German journalist, anti-fascist and social democrat and fought in the German Resistance against Nazism. He was a member of the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund (ISK). After the wa ...

(1896–1982), ISK * Erwin Eckert (1893–1972), BRSD, KPD * Hugo Eckener (1868–1954), manager of the

Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH is a German aircraft manufacturing company. It is perhaps best known for its leading role in the design and manufacture of rigid airships, commonly referred to as ''Zeppelin, Zeppelins'' due to the company's prominence ...

Hans Ehrenberg Hans Philipp Ehrenberg (; 4 June 1883 – 21 March 1958) was a German Jewish philosopher and theologian. One of the co-founders of the Confessing Church, he was forced to emigrate to England because of his Jewish ancestry and his opposition to N ...

(1883–1958), Lutheran theologian, a founder of the

Willi Eichler Willi Eichler (7 January 1896 – 17 October 1971) was a German journalist and politician with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Before 1945 Eichler was born in Berlin, the son of a postal worker. He attended Volksschule and then beca ...

(1896–1971), ISK * Ernst Hampel (1919–1945), communist * Elvira Eisenschneider (1924–1944), NKFD * (1901–1944), KPD *

Georg Elser Johann Georg Elser (; 4 January 1903 – 9 April 1945) was a German carpenter who planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi leaders on 8 November 1939 at the Bürgerbräukeller ...

(1903–1945), acted alone * (1907–1942), KPD * August Enderle (1887–1959),

* (1893–1944), KPD * (1895–1945), KPD * Leopold Engleitner (1905–2013),

Jehovah's Witness Jehovah's Witnesses is a Christian denomination that is an outgrowth of the Bible Student movement founded by Charles Taze Russell in the nineteenth century. The denomination is nontrinitarian, millenarian, and restorationist. Russell co- ...

* Fritz Erler (1913–1967), Neu Beginnen * Anna Essinger (1879–1960), Landschulheim Herrlingen * Erika Etter (d. 1945), KJVD * Walter Eucken (1891–1950), economist

F

* Dora Fabian (1901–1935)

* Walter Fabian (1902–1995)

* Marianne Feldhammer (1909–1996), * (1913–1945) KPD * Hermann Fischer (1912–1984), Rote Hilfe and Brümmer Kleine resistance group * Mildred Fish-Harnack (1902–1943), Red Orchestra * Herbert Frahm see Willy Brandt * Alfred Frank (1884–1945), KPD * Egon Franke (1913–1995), SPD *

David Frankfurter David Frankfurter (; 9 July 1909 – 19 July 1982) was a Croatian Jew known for assassinating Wilhelm Gustloff, the Swiss branch leader of the Nazi Party, in February 1936 in Davos, Switzerland. He surrendered and confessed, telling the police ...

(1909–1982), acted alone * (1909–1943), Neu Beginnen * Georg Fritze (1874–1939), BRSD * August Froehlich (1891–1942), Catholic church *

Paul Frölich Paul Frölich (7 August 1884 – 16 March 1953) was a German journalist and author. As a left-wing political activist, he was a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and founder of the party's paper, ''Die Rote Fahne''. A KPD de ...

(1884–1953),

* Emil Fuchs (1874–1971), BRSD * (1894–1933), KPD * Max Fürst (1905–1978), author * (1894–1965), SPD

G

* Johann Gahr (1880–1939), acted alone * Albrecht Gaiswinkler (1905–1979),

Special Operations Executive Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British organisation formed in 1940 to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in German-occupied Europe and to aid local Resistance during World War II, resistance movements during World War II. ...

spy * Clemens August Graf von Galen (1878–1946),

* Willi Gall (1908–1941), KPD * Jakob Gapp (1897–1943),

* Martin Gauger (1905–1941),

Kreisau Circle The Kreisau Circle (German: ''Kreisauer Kreis'', ) (1940–1944) was a group of about twenty-five German dissidents in Nazi Germany led by Helmuth James von Moltke, who met at his estate in the rural town of Kreisau, Silesia. The circle was co ...

* Lisa Gavric (1907–1974), Résistance * Herta Geffke (1893–1973), Rote Hilfe * (1905–2002), ISK, ELAS * (1896–1933), KPD * Fritz Gerlich (1883–1934), journalist * Kurt Gerstein (1905–1945),

Waffen-SS The (; ) was the military branch, combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscr ...

, Gerstein Report author * Eugen Gerstenmaier (1906–1986),

* Johann Geusendam (1866–1945), Rote Hilfe * (1916–2001), KPD * Peter Gingold (1916–2006), KPD * (1905–2002), Willy-Fred * Helene Glatzer (1902–1935), KPD * (1905–1973), SPD * (1892–1944), KPD * (1895–1964) SPD * Albert Goldenstedt (1912–1994), KPD, Rote Hilfe *

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (; 31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a German conservative politician, monarchist, executive, economist, civil servant and opponent of the Nazi regime. He opposed anti-Jewish policies while he held office and was op ...

(1884–1945), DVNP, Mayor of Leipzig * (1895–1933), KPD * (1908–1976), KPD * Kurt Julius Goldstein (1914–2007), KPD * Albert Göring (1895–1966), businessman and younger brother of

Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

leader Hermann * (1897–1949), AfA-Bund, Neu Beginnen, Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany * Herta Gotthelf (1902–1963), SPD * Hugo Gräf (1892–1958), Rote Hilfe *

Willi Graf Wilhelm "Willi" Graf (2 January 1918 – 12 October 1943) was a German member of the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany. The Catholic Church in Germany included Graf in their list of martyrs of the 20th century. In 2017, his cause for ...

(1918–1943),

* (1921–2008),

spy * Kurt Gregor (1907–1990), Rote Hilfe * Karl Grönsfelder (1882–1964), KPD * Maria Grollmuß (1896–1944), SPD * Anneliese Groscurth (1910–1996), European Union (resistance group) * Georg Groscurth (1904–1944), European Union (resistance group) * Helmuth Groscurth (1898–1943) Wehrmacht and ''

Abwehr The (German language, German for ''resistance'' or ''defence'', though the word usually means ''counterintelligence'' in a military context) ) was the German military intelligence , military-intelligence service for the ''Reichswehr'' and the ...

'' officer * (1905–1942), KPD *

Otto Grotewohl Otto Emil Franz Grotewohl (; 11 March 1894 – 21 September 1964) was a German politician who served as the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic (GDR/East Germany) from its founding in October 1949 until his death in Septembe ...

(1894–1964), SPD * Karl Gruber (1912–1945), London "Free Germans" of the OSS (precursor to the CIA) * Karl Grünberg (1891–1972), KPD * (1921–1942), Rote Pfadfinder * Gustav Gundelach (1888–1962), KPD * (1925–1944), KPD

H

* Georg Häfner (1900–1942),

* Kurt Hälker (1922–2010), Résistance * (1903–1987), KPD * Elise Hampel (1903–1943), acted alone with husband Otto * Ernst Hampel (1919–1945), part of the Etter-Rose-Hampel group * Otto Hampel, (1897–1943), acted alone with wife Elise *

Arvid Harnack Arvid Harnack (; 24 May 1901 – 22 December 1942) was a German jurist, Marxist economist, Communist, and German resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Harnack came from an intellectual family and was originally a humanist. He was strongly influen ...

(1901–1942), Rote Kapelle ( Red Orchestra) * Werner Hansen (1905–1972), ISK * (1892–1944), KPD *

Ulrich von Hassell Christian August Ulrich von Hassell (12 November 1881 – 8 September 1944) was a German diplomat during World War II. A member of the German Resistance against German dictator Adolf Hitler, Hassell unsuccessfully proposed to the British ...

(1881–1944),

20 July plot The 20 July plot, sometimes referred to as Operation Valkyrie, was a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, the chancellor and leader of Nazi Germany, and overthrow the Nazi regime on 20 July 1944. The plotters were part of the German r ...

* Elli Hatschek (1901–1944) European Union (resistance group) * Paul Hatschek (1888–1944) European Union (resistance group) *

Theodor Haubach Theodor Haubach (15 September 1896 in Frankfurt am Main – 23 January 1945 in Berlin) was a German journalist, SPD politician, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. Theodor Haubach spent his childhood and youth in Darmstadt. In 1914 ...

(1896–1945), SPD * (1912–1951), Rote Hilfe * (1900–1973), KPO * (1881–1952), Rote Hilfe * (1899–1967),

* Rudolf-Ernst Heiland (1910–1965), IKD * Ernst Heilmann (1881–1940), SPD * (1890–1946), SPD, Reichsbanner * (1889–1955), Bekennende Kirche * (1910–1944), KPD, Robert Uhrig Group * (1903–1942),

* (1910–1942), IKD * Georg Henke (1908–1986), KPD * Albert Hensel (1895–1942), KPD * Liselotte Herrmann (1909–1938), KPD * (1903–1943) * (b. 1906),

Heinz Heydrich Heinz Siegfried Heydrich (29 September 1905 – 19 November 1944) was the son of Richard Bruno Heydrich and the younger brother of SS-'' Obergruppenführer'' Reinhard Heydrich. After the death of his brother in June 1942, he helped a number of Je ...

(1905–1944), younger brother of

Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( , ; 7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a German high-ranking SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust. He held the rank of SS-. Many historians regard Heydrich ...

("The Butcher of Prague") *

Friedrich Hielscher Friedrich Hielscher (31 May 19026 March 1990) was a German intellectual involved in the Conservative Revolutionary movement during the Weimar Republic and in the German resistance during the Nazi era. He was the founder of an esoteric or Neopaga ...

(1902–1990), Konservative Revolution * Rainer Hildebrandt (1914–2004), Haushofer-Kreis * Else Himmelheber (1905–1944), resistance group in Schlotterbeck aus Luginsland * (1900–1990), Trotzkyist * Else Hirsch (1889–1942 or 1943), schoolteacher, organized 10 Kindertransport, children's transports out of Germany * (1889–1937), SPD * Walter Hochmuth (1904–1979), KPD * (1880–1945), SPD * (1902–1945),

* Erich Honecker (1912–1994), KPD * (d. 1944), KPD *Wilm Hosenfeld (1895–1952), Nazi Captain who hid and rescued many Polish people, including Władysław Szpilman * Kurt Huber (1893–1943),

* Helmuth Hübener (1925–1942), Hamburg Vierergruppe (German Resistance) * (1921–2002) * Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974), at the time, the youngest member of the Bavarian Landtag * Peter Hüppeler (1913–1944), Ehrenfeld Group

I

* Karl Ibach (1915–1990), KPD * (1906–1988),

* (1904–1983), SPD, party chairman of

, Belgium

J

* Franz Jacob (Resistance fighter), Franz Jacob (1906–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group,

* Katharina Jacob (1907–1989), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group * (1885–1935), elected legislator from Prussia SPD * Rudolf Jacobs (1914–1944), (in Italy, naval officer, partisan in Italy with "Ugo Muccini" Garibaldi brigade) * Hildegard Jadamowitz (1916–1942), KPD, Herbert Baum Group * Franz Jägerstätter (1907–1943), Austrian conscientious objector * Frieda (Friedel) and Rudolf Jahn (d. 1951), Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany * Hans Jahn (1885–1960),

* (1897–1964),

* Hans Jendretzky (1897–1992), KPD * Marianne Joachim (1921–1943), Herbert Baum Group * (1900–1999), KPD * (1908–1944), KPD * Franz Jung (1888–1963), KAPD and Rote Kämpfer * (1903–1945), KPD * (1902–1975), IKD

K

* Otto Kahn-Freund (1900–1979) Jurist * Gustav Ritter von Kahr (1862-1934) * Jakob Kaiser (1888–1961)

* (1913–2006), ISK * Heinz Kapelle (1913–1941), KPD * (1907–1967), ISK and Independent Socialist Union * Erich Kästner (1899 – 1974), author of ''Lisa and Lottie, The Parent Trap'' * Friedrich Kellner (1885–1970), SPD * Kilian Kirchhoff (1892–1944), Catholic church * Johanna Kirchner (1884–1944), SPD, Rote Hilfe * Ernst Kirchweger (1898–1965), KPÖ * Heinz Kiwitz (1910–1938), Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists, ASSO * Michael Kitzelmann (1916–1942), Lieutenant in the Wehrmacht * Erich Klausener (1885–1934),

, Catholic church * (1883–1944), KPD * Walter Klingenbeck (1924–1943), Munich Vierergruppe (German Resistance) * (1891–1944), Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold and Protestant teenagers' group * Rudolf Klug (1905–1944), KPD * Wilhelm Knöchel (1899–1944), KPD * (1906–1971), SPD, Neu Beginnen * (1893–1944), KPD * Gertrud Koch (1924–2016), Edelweißpiraten * Hans Koch (lawyer), Hans Koch (1893–1945), Jurist,

* Werner Koch (pastor), Werner Koch (1910–1994), Pastor,

, brother of Hans Koch (lawyer), Hans Koch * (1909–2002), ISK * Bernard Koenen (1889–1964), Rote Hilfe and

* (1915–1988), Rote Hilfe * Olga Körner (1887–1969), KPD * Fritz Kolbe (1900–1971), acted alone * Otto Korfes (1889–1964),

* (1901–1943), KPD * Walter Kraemer (1892–1941), KPD * (1916–1944), Austrian Catholic, supported French Resistance (acting alone) * Hilde Kramer (1900–1974), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, SAPD * Heinrich Kratina (1906–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * Wilhelm Kratz (1902–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * (1887–1950) * Johann Krausen (1887–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * Willi Kreikemeyer (1894–1950), KPD * (1917–2004), Résistance * Lothar Kreyssig (1898–1986), Jurist (only judge to intervene in Aktion T4 euthanasia operation),

* (1907–1937), KPD * Maria Krüger (1907–1987), Rote Hilfe * Alfred Kubel (1909–1999), ISK * Adam Kuckhoff (1887–1943), Red Orchestra * Greta Kuckhoff (1902–1981), Red Orchestra * Heinz Kühn (1912–1992), SPD * Otto Kühne (1893–1955), KPD and Résistance * Hansheinrich Kummerow (1903–1944), spy * Ingeborg Kummerow (1912–1943), spy * (1901–1943), KPD * Albert Kuntz (1896–1945), KPD * (1895–1944), KPD * (1887–1942), RSD

L

* Max Lackmann (1910–2000), Protestant Church in Germany * (1909–1944) KPD * Erwin von Lahousen (1897–1955) military resistance * Fritz Lange (politician), Fritz Lange (1898–1981), Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, KPD, Rotfrontkämpferbund * Paul Langen (1893–1945) * Käthe Latzke (d. 1945), KPD * Julius Leber (1891–1945), SPD * (1908–1945), SPD * (1906–1943), IKD * Hans Conrad Leipelt (1921–1945),

* Josef Lenzel (1890–1942), Catholic church * Theodor Lessing (1872–1933), acted alone * Bruno Max Leuschner (1910–1965), KPD * Wilhelm Leuschner (1890–1944), SPD * Bernhard Lichtenberg (1875–1943), Catholic church * Hermann Lichtenegger (1900–1984), KPÖ politician * Simone Arnold Liebster (1930), Jehovah's Witness * Franz Maria Liedig (1900–1967) * Max Liedtke (1894–1955)

major * Rosa Lindemann (1876–1958), KPD, Rote Hilfe in Berlin-Moabit * Herta Lindner (1920–1943), KJVD * (1907–1981), ISK * (1909–1994), Rote Hilfe and

* Hans Litten (1903–1938) * Paul Löbe (1875–1967), SPD * Max Loeper (executed 1941) * (1896–1977), Neu Beginnen * Roland Lorent (1920–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * (1895–1961), SPD * (1898–1984) * (1906–1943 missing), KPD

M

* Johann Maier (1906–1945) preacher, Regensburger Dom * Heinrich Maier (1908–1945), theologian * Adolf Maislinger (1903–1985), KPD * Maria von Maltzan (1909–1997), Solf Circle * Eva Mamlok (1918–1944), Berlin Jewish resistance * Maria Restituta (née Helene Kafka) (1894–1943) Franciscan * Hilde Meisel (Hilda Monte) (1914–1945), ISK * (1909–2007), KPD, Résistance * August Merges (1870–1945), * (1896–1945), * Max Josef Metzger (1887–1944),

* Alfred Meusel (1896–1960), sociologist, KPD * Herbert Michaelis (1898–1939), lawyer, KPD, Michaelis Group * Carlo Mierendorff (1897–1943), SPD * (1883–1964), KPD, Rote Hilfe * Helmuth James Graf von Moltke (1907–1945), founding member,

* Mentona Moser (1874–1971), Rote Hilfe * Erich Mühsam (1878–1934) * Josef Müller (CSU politician), Josef Müller (1898–1979), Bavarian People's Party, Catholic resistance * Oskar Müller (1896–1970), KPD

N

* Harry Naujoks (1901–1983), KPD * Theodor Neubauer (1890–1945), KPD * (1891–1943), Rote Hilfe * , SPD *

(1889–1967), publisher of ''Widerstand, Magazine for national revolutionary Politics'' * Katja Niederkirchner (1909–1944), KPD * Martin Niemöller (1892–1984),

* Karl Nolan (1891–1937), Rote Hilfe, KPD, father of Fritz and Anna Pröll (see P), one of the first Augsburg Nazi murder victims in Dachau concentration camp * (1892–1953), SPD * (1912–2003)

O

* (1912–2003), Aktion Rheinland * Max Opitz (1890–1982), KPD * Rudolf Opitz (1908–1939), KPD * (1900–1978) * Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938) * Hans Oster (1887–1945)

P

* (1892–1935) * Resi Pesendorfer (1902–1989) Willy-Fred * Toni Pfülf (1877–1933), member of the SPD * (1886–1965),

* (1928–2001), Edelweißpiraten * (1906–1974), Rote Hilfe * (1920–1969), Westerweel Group * (1899–1933), KPD * (d. 1944), SS-Obersturmbannführer with contact with

* Karl Plagge (1897–1957),

officer, acted alone * (1906–1973), Communist Party Opposition * Sepp Plieseis (1913–1966), KPÖ, Willy-Fred * Felix Plewa (1906–1943), KPD * Harald Poelchau (1903–1972), Onkel Emil Group,

, BRSD * Ottilie Pohl (1867–1943), USPD, Rote Hilfe in Berlin-Moabit * Johannes Popitz (1884–1945), * Hedwig Porschütz (1900–1977), Righteous among the Nations * Magnus Poser (1907–1945), KPD * (1900–1971), KPD * Bernard Povel (called Ben Povel) (1897–1952), Catholic textile manufacturer,

* Olga Benario-Prestes (1908–1942), KPD * Konrad von Preysing (1880–1950),

* Marie Priess (1885–1983), Red Orchestra * Christoph Probst (1919–1943),

* Fritz Pröll (1915–1944), Rote Hilfe * (1896–1945), Rote Hilfe

R

* Josef Raab (1899–1971), KPD * Siegfried Rädel (1893–1943), KPD * Adolf Reichwein (1898–1944), SPD * Franz Reinisch (1903–1942), Catholic church * (1907–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group * Josef Reitzle (1910–1958), ELAS * (1898–1944), European Union (resistance group) * Franz Rheinberger (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * Albert Richter (1912–1940), track cyclist * (1911–1970), Catholic church * (1908–1944), Robert Uhrig Group * (1886–1951),

* (1897–1981), DDP Robinsohn-Strassmann Group * (1915–2008), CVJM * Beppo Römer (1892–1944), KPD * Erwin Rommel (1891–1944), Wehrmacht * Augustin Rösch (1893–1961),

* (1902–1991),

* (1901–1988), SPD * Anton Ruh (1912–1964), KPD * (1902–1975), SPD

S

* Anton Saefkow (1903–1944),

* Herbert Sandberg (1908–1991), KPD, Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists * Willi Sänger (1894–1944), KPD * (ca. 1904–1997), Solf Circle * Karl Schapper (1879–1941), Catholic * Werner Scharff (1912–1945), * John Schehr (1896–1934), KPD * (1899–1945), KPD * Heinrich Scheuken (1902–1944), acted alone * (1898–1980), SPD * (1911–1944), KPD * Emilie Schindler (1907–2001), acted alone *

(1908–1974), acted alone * Barthel Schink, Bartholomäus (Barthel) Schink (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * Friedrich Schlotterbeck (1909–1979), KJD, KPD, Schlotterbeck Group * (1901–1976), SPD * Anton Schmid (1900–1942),

* (1899–1986), counsel,

(affiliated) * Otto Schmirgal (1900–1944), KPD * Elisabeth Schmitz (1893–1977), theologian, resistance fighter,

* Alexander Schmorell (1917–1943),

* Paul Schneider (pastor), Paul Schneider (1897–1939), pastor, Protestant Church in Germany * Ernst Schneller (1890–1944), KPD * (1899–1976),

, Neu Beginnen * Richard Schönfeld (d. 1945) KPD * (1924–1942), Résistance * Eugen Schönhaar (1898–1934), KPD * (1889–1933), KPD * Hans Scholl (1918–1943),

* Sophie Scholl (1921–1943), White Rose * Roman Karl Scholz (1912–1944),

* Felice Schragenheim (1922–1942), unknown * (1892–1944), Communist Party Opposition * Karl Schröder (KAPD), Karl Schröder (1884–1950), * Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg (1875–1944),

* Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg (1902–1944),

* Eduard Schulte (1891–1966), industrialist, acted alone * (1891–1945), * Josef Schulz (1909?–1941),

(disputed) * (1894–1935), KPD * Eva Schulze-Knabe (1907–1976), KPD * Elisabeth Schumacher (1904–1942) Red Orchestra * Kurt Schumacher (sculptor) (1905–1942) Red Orchestra * Georg Schumann (resistance fighter) (1886–1945), KPD * Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897–2000), KPÖ * Adolf Schütz (1926–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * Alexander Schwab (1887–1943), * Günther Schwarz (1928–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * Rudolf Schwarz (resistance activist) (1904–1934), KPD * Werner Seelenbinder (1904–1944), KPD * Willi Seng (1909–1944), KPD functionary * Robert Siewert (1887–1973), KPO, Buchenwald Resistance * (1898–1942), KPD * (1894–1955), KPD * Hanna Solf (1884–1954), Solf Circle * (1886–1951) * Richard Sorge (1895–1944), KPD spy for the Soviet Union * (1911–1944)

* Claus von Stauffenberg (1907–1944),

* (1902–1942), KPD * Wilhelm Stein (d. 1944), KPD * Hans Steinbrück (1921–1944), Ehrenfeld Group * (1917–1942), Young Communist League of Germany, Herbert Baum Group * (1896–1934), Rote Hilfe * (1900–1933), KPD * (1897–1958), DDP, * Stefan Szende (1901–1985),

* Carl Szokoll (1915–2004),

T

* Elisabeth von Thadden (1890–1944), Solf Circle * Bruno Tesch (antifascist), Bruno Tesch (1913–1933), KPD * Ernst Thälmann (1886–1944), KPD * Fritz Theilen (1927–2012), Ehrenfeld Group * Matthias Theisen (1885–1933), KPD, SPD * Paul Thümmel (1902–1945),

, Czech resistance to Nazi occupation, Czech Resistance * Paul Tillich (1886–1965), Christian socialism, Christian Socialist, American Friends of German Freedom, Council for a Democratic Germany * Henning von Tresckow * Walter Trier (1890–1951), illustrator of ''Lisa and Lottie, The Parent Trap''

U

* (1890–1968), unionist resistance (DMV) * Robert Uhrig (1903–1944), KPD

V

* Kurt Vieweg (1911–1976), KPD * Franz Vogt (1899–1940), labour unionist, SPD, Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold * Dietrich von Hildebrand (1889-1977), founder and editor of anti-Nazi weekly paper, Der Christliche Ständestaat ("The Christian Corporative State")

W

* Maria Wachter (1910–2010), KPD * (1905–1943), SPD * (1886–1945), KPD, Rote Hilfe * Jacob Walcher (1887–1970),

* (1904–1956), KPD * Eduard Wald (1905–1978), Committee for Proletarian Unity * Orli Wald (1914–1962), Young Communist League of Germany, "Angel of Auschwitz" * Maria von Wedemeyer (1924–1977),

* (1889–1945), from SPD- and

, member of existing resistance group in Zeitz * Armin T. Wegner (1886–1978), author, medic, soldier and human rights activist, acted alone * Herbert Wehner (1906–1990), KPD * Otto Weidt (1883–1947), anarchist resistance * (1909–1944), Rote Hilfe * Friedrich Weißler (1891–1937),

* (1884–1940), SPD * (1889–1960), Lutheran pastor * Hans Westermann (1890–1935), Versöhnler, KPD * (1894–1944), European Union (resistance group) * (1895–1942), SPD * (1888–1958), Aktion Rheinland * Albert Willimsky (1890–1940), Catholic church * ,

* Josef Wirmer (1901–1944), Catholic church * (1896–1944), artist, acted alone * (1902–1944), Catholic church * (1904–1997), Zionist refugee helper in Berlin * Rosi Wolfstein (1888–1987),

Z

* (1919–2005), Hashomer Hatzair, Herbert Baum Group * Hiltgunt Zassenhaus (1916–2004), wartime translator and interpreter * Zita Zehner (1900–1978), home economist and radio host * (1910–1981), KPD * German Resistance Memorial Center
Karl Zimmet (includes photo). (1895–1969) Antinazistische Deutsche Volksfront * (1910–1940), KPD

References

External links

German Resistance Memorial Center
Homepage. Retrieved March 15, 2010 {{DEFAULTSORT:Germans who resisted Nazism, List of German resistance members, Lists of German people Political repression in Nazi Germany German people by political orientation Nazi-related lists Germany in World War II-related lists

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