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Federally recognized tribe A federally recognized tribe is a Native American tribe recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government. In the United States, the Native American tribe ...
s are those Native American tribes recognized by the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
Bureau of Indian Affairs The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States List of United States federal agencies, federal agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior, Department of the Interior. It is responsible for im ...
as holding a government-to-government relationship with the U.S.federal
government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive (government), execu ...
. , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the
Bureau of Indian Affairs The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States List of United States federal agencies, federal agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior, Department of the Interior. It is responsible for im ...
(BIA) of the United States.Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe
 Of these, 229 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California.


Description

In the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the
Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources. It also administers programs relatin ...
explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...." The constitution grants to the
U.S. Congress The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both ...
the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the
Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over Stat ...
in ''United States v. Sandoval'' (231 US. 28 913 warned, "it is not ... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46). Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to self-government, as well as certain benefits. The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency the
Bureau of Indian Affairs The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States List of United States federal agencies, federal agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior, Department of the Interior. It is responsible for im ...
, in consultation with federally recognized tribes. In January 2015, the United States' ''
Federal Register The ''Federal Register'' (FR or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the government gazette, official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices. It is published every wee ...
'' issued an official list of 566 tribes that are ''Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs''. The number of tribes increased to 567 in July 2015 with the federal recognition of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia.
USA.gov USA.gov is the official web portal of the United States. It is designed to improve the public's interaction with the United States government by quickly directing website visitors to the services or information they are seeking, and by invitin ...
, the federal government's official web portal, maintains a list o
tribal governments
which is constantly updated. Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print. In 2018, six more Virginia-based tribes were added to the list, then in 2020 the Little Shell Chippewa were recognized bringing the total to 574. Of these, 231 are located in Alaska. Except for Hawaii, states that have no federally recognized tribes today forcibly removed tribes from their region in the 19th century, mainly to the west and especially to
Indian Territory Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the Federal government of the United States, United States government for the relocation of Native Americans in the United States, ...
, now
Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...
.


Alabama

*
Poarch Band of Creek Indians The Poarch Band of Creek Indians ( ;) are a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans with reservation lands in lower Alabama. As Mvskoke people, they speak the Muscogee language. They were formerly known as the Creek Nation East of the Mi ...

(''previously listed as Poarch Band of Creeks, Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama, Creek Nation East of the Mississippi'')


Alaska


Arizona

Multiple states: * Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and California * Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada * Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah * Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California & Arizona * Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico


Arkansas

''No federally recognized tribes''


California

Multiple states: * Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and California * Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada * Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California & Arizona * Washoe Tribe of Nevada & California ** Carson Colony ** Dresslerville Colony ** Woodfords Community ** Stewart Community ** Washoe Ranches


Colorado

* Southern Ute Indian Tribe of the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado Multiple states: * Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah


Connecticut

* Mashantucket Pequot Tribe of Connecticut * Mohegan Indian Tribe of Connecticut


Delaware

''No federally recognized tribes''


Florida

* Miccosukee Tribe of Indians
(''previously listed as Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida'') *
Seminole Tribe of Florida The Seminole Tribe of Florida is a List of federally recognized tribes, federally recognized Seminole tribe based in the U.S. state of Florida. Together with the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, it is ...
** Big Cypress Reservation ** Brighton Reservation ** Hollywood Reservation ** Tampa Reservation


Georgia

''No federally recognized tribes''


Hawaii

''No federally recognized tribes''


Idaho

*
Coeur D'Alene Tribe The Coeur d'Alene Tribe ( ; also Skitswish; ) are a Native American tribe and one of five federally recognized tribes in the state of Idaho. The Coeur d'Alene have sovereign control of their Coeur d'Alene Reservation, which includes a significa ...
, ''previously listed as Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation, Idaho'' * Kootenai Tribe of Idaho * Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho * Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation
(''previously listed as Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho'') Multiple states: * Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Idaho and Nevada


Illinois

''Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation''


Indiana

Multiple states: * Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana


Iowa

* Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa


Kansas

* Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas * Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas
(''previously listed as Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians'') Multiple states: * Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska * Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska


Kentucky

''No federally recognized tribes''


Louisiana

* Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana *
Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana (Coushatta: ''Kowassaatiha'') is one of three federally recognized tribes of Koasati people. They are located in Allen and Jefferson Davis Parishes, Louisiana. The tribe hosts an annual pow wow during the sec ...
*
Jena Band of Choctaw Indians The Jena Band of Choctaw Indians () are one of three Federally recognized tribe, federally recognized Choctaw tribes in the United States. They are based in La Salle Parish, Louisiana, La Salle, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, Catahoula, and Grant Pa ...
* Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe of Louisiana


Maine

* Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
(''previously listed as Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians of Maine'') * Mi'kmaq Nation
(''previously listed as Aroostook Band of Micmacs; Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians'') * Passamaquoddy Tribe
(''previously listed as Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine'') * Penobscot Nation
(''previously listed as Penobscot Tribe of Maine'')


Maryland

''No federally recognized tribes''


Massachusetts

* Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Massachusetts * Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) of Massachusetts
(''previously listed as Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc.'')


Michigan

Multiple states: * Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana


Minnesota

* Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota * Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota * Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota * Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota * Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota Multiple states: * Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (also in Minnesota)
(''previously listed as Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe'') * Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota
Six component reservations: ** Bois Forte Band (Nett Lake) ** Fond du Lac Band (also in Wisconsin) ** Grand Portage Band ** Leech Lake Band ** Mille Lacs Band ** White Earth Band


Mississippi

Multiple states: *
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians () is one of three federally recognized tribes of Choctaw, an indigenous Indian people, and the only one in the state of Mississippi. On April 20, 1945, this tribe was organized under the Indian Reorgan ...


Missouri

''No federally recognized tribes''


Montana

Multiple states: * Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)


Nebraska

* Omaha Tribe of Nebraska * Ponca Tribe of Nebraska * Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska
(''previously listed as Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska'') * Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska Multiple states: * Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska * Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska


Nevada

Multiple states: *
Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Nevada and Utah The Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation is located in Juab County, Utah, Tooele County, Utah, and White Pine County, Nevada, United States. It is one of two federally recognized tribes of Goshute people, the other being the Skull Valle ...
* Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Nevada and Oregon * Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada * Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Idaho and Nevada * Washoe Tribe of Nevada & California ** Carson Colony ** Dresslerville Colony ** Woodfords Community ** Stewart Community ** Washoe Ranches


New Hampshire

''No federally recognized tribes''


New Jersey

''No federally recognized tribes''


New Mexico

Multiple states: * Fort Sill Apache Tribe (also Oklahoma) * Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah * Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah * Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico (also Arizona)


New York


North Carolina

*
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), (Cherokee language, Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩᏱ ᏕᏣᏓᏂᎸᎩ, ''Tsalagiyi Detsadanilvgi'') is a List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States, federally recognized Indian Tribe, ...

(''previously listed as Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina'')


North Dakota

* Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota * Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota Multiple states: * Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota * Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)


Ohio

''No federally recognized tribes''


Oklahoma


Oregon

Multiple states: * Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe


Pennsylvania

''No federally recognized tribes''


Rhode Island

* Narragansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island


South Carolina

* Catawba Indian Nation
(''previously listed as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina'')


South Dakota

Multiple states: * Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota * Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)


Tennessee

Multiple states: *
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians () is one of three federally recognized tribes of Choctaw, an indigenous Indian people, and the only one in the state of Mississippi. On April 20, 1945, this tribe was organized under the Indian Reorgan ...


Texas

* Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas *
Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas The Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, based in Eagle Pass, is a federally recognized tribe that uses revenue from its gaming and business operations to provide housing, education, and social services to its members. The tribe has been held as ...

(''previously listed as Texas Band of Traditional Kickapoo'') * Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas


Utah

* Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation of Utah (Washakie) * Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah ** Cedar City Band of Paiutes ** Kanosh Band of Paiutes ** Koosharem Band of Paiutes ** Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes ** Shivwits Band of Paiutes * Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians of Utah * Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah & Ouray Reservation, Utah Multiple states: *
Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Nevada and Utah The Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation is located in Juab County, Utah, Tooele County, Utah, and White Pine County, Nevada, United States. It is one of two federally recognized tribes of Goshute people, the other being the Skull Valle ...
* Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah * Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah


Vermont

''No federally recognized tribes''


Virginia


Washington


West Virginia

''No federally recognized tribes''


Wisconsin

Multiple states: * Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (also in Minnesota)
(''previously listed as Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe'') * Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota ** Fond du Lac Band (also in Wisconsin)


Wyoming

* Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming * Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming


See also

* Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Native Americans in the United States Native Americans (also called American Indians, First Americans, or Indigenous Americans) are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the United States, particularly of the Contiguous United States, lower 48 states and A ...
*
Federally recognized tribes This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States. There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes. , 574 Indian tribes are legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.
, continental United States * List of Alaska Native tribal entities *
List of Indian reservations in the United States This is a list of Indian reservations and other tribal homelands in the United States. In Canada, the List of Indian reserves in Canada, Indian reserve is a similar institution. Federally recognized reservations There are approximately 567 fed ...
** List of historical Indian reservations in the United States * State recognized tribes in the United States * Organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes
Indigenous peoples in Canada Indigenous peoples in Canada (also known as Aboriginals) are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada. They comprise the First Nations in Canada, First Nations, Inuit, and Métis#Métis people in ...
*
List of Indian reserves in Canada Canada has numerous Indian reserves, also known as First Nations reserves, for First Nations in Canada, First Nations people, which were mostly established in 1876 by the ''Indian Act'' and have been variously expanded and reduced by royal commi ...
* List of First Nations governments *
List of First Nations peoples The following is a partial list of First Nations peoples of Canada, organized by linguistic-cultural area. It only includes First Nations people, which by definition excludes Métis and Canadian Inuit groups. The areas used here are in accordance ...
*
Inuit Inuit (singular: Inuk) are a group of culturally and historically similar Indigenous peoples traditionally inhabiting the Arctic and Subarctic regions of North America and Russia, including Greenland, Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, the Northwe ...
*
Métis The Métis ( , , , ) are a mixed-race Indigenous people whose historical homelands include Canada's three Prairie Provinces extending into parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the northwest United States. They ha ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Federally Recognized Tribes By State Native American history Native American-related lists Lists of Indigenous peoples of the Americas Lists of tribes States of the United States-related lists