The

Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t ...

has social

welfare Welfare may refer to: Philosophy *Well-being (happiness, prosperity, or flourishing) of a person or group * Utility in utilitarianism * Value in value theory Economics * Utility, a general term for individual well-being in economics and decision ...

and social security schemes for India's citizens funded either by the central government,

state government A state government is the government that controls a subdivision of a country in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government. A state government may have some level of political autonom ...

or concurrently. Schemes that the central government fully funds are referred to as "central sector schemes" (CS). In contrast, schemes mainly funded by the center and implemented by the states are " centrally sponsored schemes" (CSS). In the

2022 Union budget of India The 2022 Union Budget of India was presented by the Minister of Finance Nirmala Sitharaman on 1 February 2022, as her fourth budget. This is the third budget of Narendra Modi-led NDA government's second term. The Economic Survey for 2021� ...

, there are 740 central sector (CS) schemes. and 65 (+/-7) centrally sponsored schemes (CSS). From 131 CSSs in February 2021, the union government aimed to restructure/revamp/rationalize these by the next year. In 2022 CSS's numbered 65 with a combined funding of . In 2022, there were 157 CSs and CSSs with individual funding of over each. Central sector scheme actual spending in 2017-18 was , in 2019-20 it was while the budgeted amount for 2021-22 is . Schemes can also be categorised as flagship schemes. 10 flagship schemes were allocated in the 2021 Union budget of India. The subsidy for kerosene, started in the 1950s, was slowly decreased since 2009 and eliminated in 2022. Implementation of government schemes varies between schemes, and locations, and depends on factors such as evaluation process, awareness, accessibility, acceptability, and capability for last-mile implementation. Government bodies undertaking evaluations and audits include

NITI Aayog The NITI Aayog (; abbreviation for National Institution for Transforming India) serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of the Republic of India, and the nodal agency tasked with catalyzing economic development, and foste ...

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is an executive ministry of the Government of India concerned with coverage and quality aspects of statistics released. The surveys conducted by the Ministry are based on scientifi ...

, and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

List

; Key * Scheme: Name with abbreviation and official/literal translation * CS/CSS: Central Sector / Centrally Sponsored Scheme * New form of existing scheme ; Legend * * * ;Notes

Evaluations

The Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO) under the

is responsible for evaluations. Evaluation problems exist. Ministries such as the transport ministry can show immediate physical outcomes of its schemes whereas in health related schemes, in certain cases, there is no output to show for. Surveys trying to ascertain whether someone has benefitted from a scheme or not can result in someone denying being benefitted with the hope of receiving the benefit again. This kind of respondent bias in its various form is being addressed by

. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India also assesses the implementation of these schemes.

Effectiveness

A number of schemes of successive governments are effective, while others are not effective. Despite various schemes and programmes targeted towards hunger, nutrition remains a severe challenge. The

Supreme Court In most legal jurisdictions, a supreme court, also known as a court of last resort, apex court, high (or final) court of appeal, and court of final appeal, is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

has advised the government to keep finances in mind when coming out with schemes. An example given was the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, a shortage of both schools and teachers. Since their inception, flagship welfare schemes of the Modi government such as ''Namami Gange'' and ''Ayushman Bharat'' have been sanctioned more than what has been spent. A key issue is identifying who to transfer scheme benefits to and how. In 2017 Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) called Beti Bachao Beti Padhao a failure as per its own objectives.

Awareness

The government runs various initiatives to increase awareness of government schemes. Awareness of schemes affects the implementation of the schemes as well as who beneficiaries vote for and who they hold responsible for the success or failure of a scheme - the state or center. In 2021-2022 the

Government of Goa The Government of Goa is a state government created by the Constitution of India and has executive, legislative and judicial authority of the state of Goa. It is headquartered in Panaji, the capital city of Goa. History The governor's is large ...

launched a scheme ''Swayampurna Goa'' which involves a government official making eligible beneficiaries aware of the schemes and how to avail them. Nearly 80% of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao funds during 2016-2019 was spent on media advocacy.

Political credit and blame

There is no official or legalised credit-sharing mechanism between the center and states for the schemes. In 2014

Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

blamed the

Modi government The premiership of Narendra Modi began 26 May 2014 with his First swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi, swearing-in as the Prime Minister of India, prime minister of India at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. He succeeded Manmohan Singh of the Indian N ...

for taking credit for schemes undertaken by previous governments. In 2017

Bhartiya Janata Party The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP; , ) is a political party in India and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. BJP emerged out from Syama Prasad Mukherjee's Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Since 2014, ...

(BJP) blamed Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) for taking credit. The Himachal Pradesh government blamed NITI Aayog for a cut in funding to centrally sponsored schemes. In 2019

Mamata Banerjee Mamata Banerjee (; born 5 January 1955) is an Indian politician who is serving as the eighth and current List of chief ministers of West Bengal, chief minister of the States and union territories of India, Indian state of West Bengal since 2 ...

blamed Modi for taking credit for Ayushman Bharat. In 2020 Modi blamed

Aam Aadmi Party The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP, ) is a List of political parties in India, political party in India. It was founded on 26 November 2012 by Arvind Kejriwal and his then-companions, following the 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement against then gover ...

for not implementing a centrally sponsored sector scheme. In 2021 Smriti Irani blamed Mamata Banerjee for taking credit of schemes of the central government. BJP blamed

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for not implementing schemes properly. Welfare schemes are used as electoral campaigns, beneficiaries as voters. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has used its implementation of schemes as a vote bank in the

2017 2017 was designated as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations General Assembly. Events January * January 1 – Istanbul nightclub shooting: A gunman dressed as Santa Claus opens fire at the ...

and 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections, and the

2019 Indian general election General elections were held in India in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to elect the members of the 17th Lok Sabha. Votes were counted and the result was declared on 23 May. Around 912 million people were eligible to vote, and vote ...

Rationalisation

Rationalisation is a means to improve governance of schemes. In 2002 (Vajpayee govt) there were about 360 CSSs. In 2022(Modi govt) there were 704 CSs. In 2016 a committee came out with the recommendation of rationalising, revamping and restructuring 66 CSSs, grouping them into umbrella schemes, core schemes and optional schemes on the basis of which identification would be easier and funding patterns would differ, among other recommendations. In the case of a mission, or a scheme or programme becoming a mission or being coupled under a mission, it can mean a signal of prioritization with regard to implementation and funding. Similar schemes can be merged into each other and revamped. A mission can be merged into a new scheme.

State sponsored schemes list

Karnataka

* Vajpayee Arogyasri Yojana * Shaadi Bhagya scheme

Madhya Pradesh

* Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana * Deen Dayal Antyoday Upchar Yojna *

Deen Dayal Mobile Health Clinic Deen Dayal Mobile Health Clinic is a program in Madhya Pradesh, India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of ...

* Ladli Laxmi Yojana * Madhya Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Project * Mukhya Mantri Yuva Swarozgar Yojana

Maharashtra

(आधार कार्ड ने बँक बॅलेंस चेक करा 2025 (How to Check My Bank Balance With Aadhar Card in 2025 )(मुख्यमंत्री सहाय्यता निधी योजना 2025 ऑनलाईन अर्ज (Mukhyamantri Sahayata Nidhi Yojana 2025 in Marathi)(कुसुम सोलर योजना 2025 असा करा ऑनलाइन अर्ज (Apply online for Kusum Solar Yojana 2025)(मागेल त्याला शेततळे योजना 2025 ऑनलाईन अर्जऑनलाईन अर्ज ( magel tyala shettale yojana 2025 online arj)(MAHA-DBT शेतकरी योजना 2025 ऑनलाईन अर्ज ( MAHA-DBT setakari yojana online arja 2025)(मागेल त्याला विहीर अनुदान योजना 2025 ऑनलाईन अर्ज,पात्रता ( Magal tyala vihir anudan yojana 2025 online form,eligibility )(नमो शेतकरी महा सन्मान निधी योजना 2025 ऑनलाईन अर्ज ( Namo Shetkari Maha Sanman Nidhi Yojana 2025 in Marathi )(मुख्यमंत्री रोजगार हमी योजना (जॉब कार्ड) – महाराष्ट्र राज्यातील रोजगारासाठी एक नवीन संधी)(महात्मा ज्योतिराव फुले शेतकरी कर्जमुक्ती योजना 2025 – महाराष्ट्रातील शेतकऱ्यांसाठी आर्थिक मदत)(शिवभोजन थाळी योजना : गरिबांसाठी सवलतीच्या दरात पोषणयुक्त आहार 2025 )( प्रधानमंत्री आवास योजना शहरी (Urban) 2025 : महाराष्ट्र राज्यात स्वतः च्या घराचे स्वप्न आता होणार पूर्ण )(राजश्री शाहू महाराज संजीवनी योजना 2025 – महिलांसाठी एक विशेष आरोग्य सेवा)(मुख्यमंत्री रोजगार निर्माण योजना मिळवा 10 लाखांपर्यंत व्यवसाय कर्ज )(लेक लाडकी योजना 2025 : महाराष्ट्रातील गरीब मुलींना मिळणार 1 लाख 1 हजार रुपये (Lek Ladki Yojana 2025 in Marathi ))(संजय गांधी निराधार अनुदान योजना 2025 : महाराष्ट्रातील गरजूंना दिलासा)(महात्मा फुले जीवनदायी आरोग्य योजना 2025 : गरीबांसाठी आरोग्याचा आधार )

Telangana

* Aarogya Lakshmi scheme * Aasara pension * Amma Odi & KCR Kit * Double Bedroom Housing scheme * Kalyana Lakshmi - Shaadi Mubarak * Mission Bhagiratha * Rythu Bandhu scheme * Telangana Ku Haritha Hāram * Telangana Sheep Distribution scheme * 2 Rupees Kg Rice

Odisha

* List of schemes of the government of Odisha

Tamil Nadu

* Amma Unavagam * Samathuvapuram * Uzhavar Santhai *

midday meal scheme The Mid Day Meal Scheme, officially PM-POSHAN, is a mandatory free school meal programme in India designed to better the nutritional status of school-age children nationwide. The programme supplies free lunches on working days for children in g ...

* Women Free Bus * married Women 1000 rupees

West Bengal

* Kanyashree Prakalpa * Sabuj Sathi * Rupashree Prakalpa * Swami Vivekananda Merit-cum-Means Scholarship * Yuvashree * Banglar Awas Yojna * Krishak Bondhu * Swasthya Sathi * Khadya Sathi * Sabujshree

Uttar Pradesh

* Kamdhenu Yojna * Free laptop distribution scheme

References

External links

*
Evaluation studies
Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO), NITI Aayog
Outlay on Major Schemes. Union Budget Explorer 2022-23
OpenBudgetsIndia. {{DEFAULTSORT:Government schemes in India India politics-related lists

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...