This is a list of the bird species recorded in Spain. The area covered by this list is mainland Spain, the

Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a Provinces of Spain, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain, ...

, the

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...

, and three small Spanish enclaves on the North African shore. The avifauna of

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

included a total of 664 species recorded in the wild by 2022 according to Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife) with supplemental additions from Avibase. 24 have been introduced by humans, six of which also have possibly wild-origin records. Three species have not been recorded since 1950, 8 are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to Spanish islands, and one of the endemic species is

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

. This list's

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of ''

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 202 ...

'', 2022 edition.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved October 25, 2022. The Spanish names in parentheses are from the SEO/BirdLife list. The following tags have been used to highlight some categories of occurrence. *(A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs anywhere in Spain *(A) Accidental in limited area – a species found regularly in mainland Spain but accidentally in the Canary Islands or the North African enclaves. *(E) Endemic – a species found only in Spain, with the location appended *(Ex)

Extirpated Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a chan ...

- a species that no longer occurs in Spain although populations exist elsewhere *(I) Introduced – a species introduced to Spain as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions and that has an established population *(B) Category B - species which have not been recorded in Spain since 1950 *(D) Category D – species for which there are reasonable doubts as to their wild origin *(I/D) species with individuals of possible wild origin in addition to the introduced population An additional note such as (Canary Islands only) means that the species has been recorded solely in that locality. Species without a note of that type have been recorded at a minimum in mainland Spain. The notes of population status such as "endangered" apply to the world population and are from ''Bird Checklists of the World''.

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order:

Anseriformes Anseriformes is an order (biology), order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest f ...

Family:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family (biology), family of water birds that includes ducks, goose, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted f ...

Anatidae includes the

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family (biology), family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and goose, geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfam ...

s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as

geese A goose (: geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (black geese). Some members of the Tadorninae subfamily (e.g., Egyp ...

and

swan Swans are birds of the genus ''Cygnus'' within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include the goose, geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form the tribe (biology) ...

s. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. * White-faced whistling-duck (), ''Dendrocygna viduata'' (A, D) * Fulvous whistling-duck (), ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' (A, D) *

Bar-headed goose The bar-headed goose (''Anser indicus'') is a goose that breeds in Central Asia in colonies of thousands near mountain lakes and winters in South Asia, as far south as peninsular India. It lays three to eight eggs at a time in a ground nest. It ...

(), ''Anser indicus'' (I) *

Snow goose The snow goose (''Anser caerulescens'') is a species of goose native to North America. Both white and dark morphs exist, the latter often known as blue goose. Its name derives from the typically white plumage. The species was previously placed ...

(), ''Anser caerulescens'' (A) *

Graylag goose The greylag goose (''Anser anser'') is a species of large goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae and the type species of the genus '' Anser''. It has mottled and barred grey and white plumage and an orange beak and pink legs. A large bird, it m ...

(), ''Anser anser'' (A) *

Greater white-fronted goose The greater white-fronted goose (''Anser albifrons'') is a species of goose, closely related to the smaller lesser white-fronted goose (''A. erythropus''). The greater white-fronted goose is Bird migration, migratory, breeding in northern Cana ...

(), ''Anser albifrons'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Lesser white-fronted goose The lesser white-fronted goose (''Anser erythropus'') is a goose closely related to the larger greater white-fronted goose (''A. albifrons''). It breeds in the northernmost Palearctic, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe, with a reintroduction ...

(), ''Anser erythropus'' (A) vulnerable * Taiga bean-goose (), ''Anser fabalis'' (A) *

Tundra bean-goose The tundra bean goose (''Anser serrirostris'') is a goose that breeds in northern Siberia. This and the taiga bean goose are recognised as separate species by the American Ornithological Society and International Ornithologists' Union, but are co ...

(), ''Anser serrirostris'' (A) *

Pink-footed goose The pink-footed goose (''Anser brachyrhynchus'') is a goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, and recently Novaya Zemlya. It is migratory, wintering in northwest Europe, especially Ireland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, a ...

(), ''Anser brachyrhynchus'' (A – Canary Islands) * Brant (), ''Branta bernicla'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Barnacle goose The barnacle goose (''Branta leucopsis'') is a species of goose that belongs to the genus ''Branta'' of black geese, which contains species with extensive black in the plumage, distinguishing them from the grey ''Anser (genus), Anser'' species. D ...

(), ''Branta leucopsis'' (A) *

Cackling goose The cackling goose (''Branta hutchinsii'') is a species of goose found in North America and East Asia. Systematics The genus name ''Branta'' is a Latinised form of Old Norse ''Brandgás'', "burnt (black) goose", and the specific epithet ''hutchi ...

(), ''Branta hutchinsii'' (A, D) *

Canada goose The Canada goose (''Branta canadensis''), sometimes called Canadian goose, is a large species of goose with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. It is native to the arctic and temperate regions of North A ...

(), ''Branta canadensis'' (I) *

Red-breasted goose The red-breasted goose (''Branta ruficollis'') is a brightly marked species of goose in the genus ''Branta'' from Eurasia. It is currently classified as vulnerable species, vulnerable by the IUCN. Taxonomy and etymology The red-breasted goose ...

(), ''Branta ruficollis'' (A) vulnerable *

Mute swan The mute swan (''Cygnus olor'') is a species of swan and a member of the waterfowl family Anatidae. It is native to much of Eurasia, and (as a rare winter visitor) the far north of Africa. It is an introduced species in North America, home to ...

(), ''Cygnus olor'' *

Black swan The black swan (''Cygnus atratus'') is a large Anatidae, waterbird, a species of swan which breeds mainly in the southeast and southwest regions of Australia. Within Australia, the black swan is nomadic, with erratic migration patterns dependent ...

(), ''Cygnus atratus'' (I) *

Tundra swan The tundra swan (''Cygnus columbianus'') is a small swan of the Holarctic. The two taxa within it are usually regarded as conspecific, but are also sometimes split into two species: Bewick's swan (''Cygnus bewickii'') of the Palaearctic and the w ...

(), ''Cygnus columbianus'' (A) *

Whooper swan The whooper swan ( /ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/ "hooper swan"; ''Cygnus cygnus''), also known as the common swan, is a large northern hemisphere swan. It is the Eurasian counterpart of the North American trumpeter swan, and the type species for the genu ...

(), ''Cygnus cygnus'' (A) *

Egyptian goose The Egyptian goose (''Alopochen aegyptiaca'') is an African member of the Anatidae family including ducks, geese, and swans. Because of their popularity chiefly as an ornamental bird, the species has also been introduced to Europe, the United ...

(), ''Alopochen aegyptiaca'' (I) *

Ruddy shelduck The ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea''), known in India as the Brahminy duck, is a bird species in the family Anatidae. It is a distinctive waterfowl, in length with a wingspan of . It has orange-brown body plumage with a paler head, whil ...

(), ''Tadorna ferruginea'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Common shelduck The common shelduck (''Tadorna tadorna'') is a waterfowl species of the shelduck genus, ''shelduck, Tadorna''. It is widespread and common in the Euro-Siberian region of the Palearctic realm, Palearctic, mainly breeding in temperate and wintering ...

(), ''Tadorna tadorna'' *

Muscovy duck The Muscovy duck (''Cairina moschata'') is a duck native to the Americas, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay. The species has been Domestic Muscovy duck, domesticated, and feral Muscovy ducks can b ...

(), ''Cairina moschata'' (I – Canary Islands only) *

Wood duck The wood duck or Carolina duck (''Aix sponsa'') is a partially migratory species of perching duck found in North America. The male is one of the most colorful North American waterfowls. Taxonomy The wood duck was Species description, formal ...

(), ''Aix sponsa'' (A, D) *

Mandarin duck The mandarin duck (''Aix galericulata'') is a perching duck species native to the East Palearctic. It is Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic – the males are elaborately coloured, while the females have more subdued colours. It is a medium- ...

(), ''Aix galericulata'' (I – Canary Islands only) *

Baikal teal The Baikal teal (''Sibirionetta formosa''), also called the bimaculate duck or squawk duck, is a dabbling duck that breeds in eastern Russia and winters in East Asia. Taxonomy The first formal description of the Baikal teal was by the German ...

(), ''Sibirionetta formosa'' (A) vulnerable *

Garganey The garganey (''Spatula querquedula'') is a small dabbling duck. It breeds in much of Europe and across the Palearctic, but is strictly bird migration, migratory, with the entire population moving to Africa, India (in particular Santragachi), Ban ...

(), ''Spatula querquedula'' *

Blue-winged teal The blue-winged teal (''Spatula discors'') is a species of bird in the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. One of the smaller members of the dabbling duck group, it occurs in North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scotia, ...

(), ''Spatula discors'' (A) *

Cinnamon teal The cinnamon teal (''Spatula cyanoptera'') is a species of duck found in western North and South America. It is a small dabbling duck, with bright reddish plumage on the male and duller brown plumage on the female. It lives in marshes and ponds, ...

(), ''Spatula cyanoptera'' (A, D) *

Northern shoveler The northern shoveler (; ''Spatula clypeata''), known simply in Britain as the shoveler, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and throughout the Palearctic and across most of North America, and winters in southe ...

(), ''Spatula clypeata'' *

Gadwall The gadwall (''Mareca strepera'') is a common and widespread dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. Taxonomy The gadwall was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. DNA studies have shown th ...

(), ''Mareca strepera'' *

Falcated duck The falcated duck or falcated teal (''Mareca falcata'') is a gadwall-sized dabbling duck from the east Palearctic (East Siberia and Mongolia to North Japan; wintering to India). Taxonomy The closest relative of this species is the gadwall, follo ...

(), ''Mareca falcata'' (A) near-threatened *

Eurasian wigeon The Eurasian wigeon or European wigeon (''Mareca penelope''), also known as the widgeon or the wigeon, is one of three species of wigeon in the dabbling duck genus ''Mareca''. It is common and widespread within its Palearctic range. Taxonomy T ...

(), ''Mareca penelope'' *

American wigeon The American wigeon (''Mareca americana''), also known as the baldpate, is a species of dabbling duck found in North America. Formerly assigned to ''Anas'', this species is classified with the other wigeons in the dabbling duck genus ''Mareca'' ...

(), ''Mareca americana'' (A) *

Mallard The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa. It has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Arge ...

(), ''Anas platyrhynchos'' * American black duck (), ''Anas rubripes'' (A) *

Northern pintail The pintail or northern pintail (''Anas acuta'') is a duck species with wide geographic Range (biology), distribution that breeds in the northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and North America. It is bird migration, migratory an ...

(), ''Anas acuta'' * Green-winged teal (), ''Anas crecca'' * Marbled teal (), ''Marmaronetta angustirostris'' vulnerable *

Red-crested pochard The red-crested pochard (''Netta rufina'') is a large diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek ''Netta'' "duck", and Latin ''rufina'', "golden-red" (from ''rufus'', "ruddy"). Its breeding habitat is lowland marshes and lakes in so ...

(), ''Netta rufina'' *

Common pochard The common pochard (; ''Aythya ferina''), known simply as pochard in the United Kingdom, is a medium-sized diving duck in the family Anatidae. It is widespread across the Palearctic. It breeds primarily in the steppe regions of Scandinavia and Si ...

(), ''Aythya ferina'' vulnerable *

Ring-necked duck The ring-necked duck (''Aythya collaris'') is a diving duck from North America commonly found in freshwater ponds and lakes. The scientific name is derived from Greek , an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Arist ...

(), ''Aythya collaris'' (A) *

Ferruginous duck The ferruginous duck (''Aythya nyroca''), also known as ferruginous pochard, common white-eye or white-eyed pochard, is a medium-sized diving duck from Eurosiberia. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek word, (), an unknown se ...

(), ''Aythya nyroca'' (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened *

Tufted duck The tufted duck (or tufted pochard) (''Aythya fuligula'') is a small diving duck with a population of nearly one million birds, found in northern Eurasia. They are partially migratory. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek , an unide ...

(), ''Aythya fuligula'' *

Greater scaup The greater scaup (''Aythya marila''), just scaup in Europe or, colloquially, "bluebill" in North America, is a mid-sized diving duck, larger than the closely related lesser scaup and tufted duck. It spends the summer months breeding in Iceland ...

(), ''Aythya marila'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Lesser scaup The lesser scaup (''Aythya affinis'') is a small North American diving duck that migrates south as far as Central America in winter. It is colloquially known as the little bluebill or broadbill because of its distinctive blue bill. The origin of ...

(), ''Aythya affinis'' (A) *

King eider The king eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria spectabilis'') is a large Merginae, sea duck that breeds along Northern Hemisphere Arctic coasts of northeast Europe, North America and Palearctic, Asia. The birds spend most of the year in coastal marine ...

(), ''Somateria spectabilis'' (A) *

Common eider The common eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria mollissima''), also called St. Cuthbert's duck or Cuddy's duck, is a large ( in body length) sea-duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breed ...

(), ''Somateria mollissima'' near-threatened *

Surf scoter The surf scoter (''Melanitta perspicillata'') is a large sea duck native to North America. Adult males are almost entirely black with characteristic white patches on the forehead and the nape and adult females are slightly smaller and browner. S ...

(), ''Melanitta perspicillata'' (A) *

Velvet scoter The velvet scoter (''Melanitta fusca'') is a large Merginae, sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic west of the Yenisey basin. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". Th ...

(), ''Melanitta fusca'' *

White-winged scoter The white-winged scoter (''Melanitta deglandi'') is a large Merginae, sea duck. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". The species name commemorates French ornithologist Côme-Damien Degland. Descri ...

(), ''Melanitta deglandi'' (A) * Stejneger's scoter (), ''Melanitta stejnegeri'' (A) *

Common scoter The common scoter (''Melanitta nigra'') is a large sea duck, in length, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic east to the Olenyok River. The black scoter (''M. americana'') of North America and eastern Siberia was formerl ...

(), ''Melanitta nigra'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Black scoter The black scoter or American scoter (''Melanitta americana'') is a large Merginae, sea duck, in length. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". The species name is from the Latin for "American". Toge ...

(), ''Melanitta americana'' (A) near-threatened *

Long-tailed duck The long-tailed duck (''Clangula hyemalis'') or coween, is a medium-sized sea duck that breeds in the tundra and taiga regions of the arctic and winters along the northern coastlines of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is the only member of ...

(), ''Clangula hyemalis'' (A – Canary Islands) vulnerable *

Bufflehead The bufflehead (''Bucephala albeola'') is a small sea duck of the genus ''Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. It breeds in Alaska and Canada and migrates in winter to southern North America. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his lan ...

(), ''Bucephala albeola'' (A) *

Common goldeneye The common goldeneye or simply goldeneye (''Bucephala clangula'') is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus ''Goldeneye (duck), Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye. The genus name is derived from th ...

(), ''Bucephala clangula'' (A) * Barrow's goldeneye (), ''Bucephala islandica'' (A) *

Smew The smew (''Mergellus albellus'') is a species of duck and is the only living member of the genus ''Mergellus''. ''Mergellus'' is a diminutive of ''Mergus'' and ''albellus'' is from Latin ''albus'' "white". This genus is closely related to ''Me ...

(), ''Mergellus albellus'' (A) * Hooded merganser (), ''Lophodytes cucullatus'' (A) *

Common merganser The common merganser (North American) or goosander (Eurasian) (''Mergus merganser'') is a large sea duck of rivers and lakes in forested areas of Europe, Asia, and North America. The common merganser eats mainly fish. It nests in holes in trees ...

(), ''Mergus merganser'' (A) *

Red-breasted merganser The red-breasted merganser (''Mergus serrator'') is a duck species that is native to much of the Northern Hemisphere. The red breast that gives the species its common name is only displayed by males in breeding plumage. Individuals fly rapidly ...

(), ''Mergus serrator'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Ruddy duck The ruddy duck (''Oxyura jamaicensis'') is a species of duck in the family Anatidae. The ruddy duck is one of six species within the stiff-tailed ducks (genus ''Oxyura''). Stiff-tailed ducks occupy heavily vegetated habitats in North and ...

(), ''Oxyura jamaicensis'' (I) *

White-headed duck The white-headed duck (''Oxyura leucocephala'') is a small diving duck some long. The male has a white head with black crown, a blue bill, and reddish-grey plumage. The female has a dark bill and rather duller colouring. Its breeding habitat is ...

(), ''Oxyura leucocephala'' endangered

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order (biology), order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkey (bird), turkeys, chickens, Old World quail, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems ...

Family:

Phasianidae Phasianidae is a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, grouse, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hu ...

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. * Hazel grouse (), ''Tetrastes bonasia'' (Ex) *

Willow ptarmigan The willow ptarmigan ( ); ''Lagopus lagopus'') or willow grouse is a bird in the grouse subfamily Tetraoninae of the pheasant family Phasianidae. It is also known colloquially as awebo bird. The willow ptarmigan breeds in birch and other forests ...

(), ''Lagopus lagopus'' (A) *

Rock ptarmigan The rock ptarmigan (''Lagopus muta'') is a medium-sized game bird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in Europe. It is the official bird for the Canadian territory of Nunavut, where it is known as the ''aqiggiq'' (ᐊᕿ� ...

(), ''Lagopus muta'' * Western capercaillie (), ''Tetraus urogallus'' *

Gray partridge The grey partridge (''Perdix perdix'') is a bird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds. The scientific name is the Latin for "partridge". Taxonomy The grey partridge formally described in 1758 by the S ...

(), ''Perdix perdix'' *

Ring-necked pheasant The common pheasant (''Phasianus colchicus''), ring-necked pheasant, or blue-headed pheasant, is a bird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The genus name comes from Latin ''phasianus'' 'pheasant'. The species name ''colchicus'' is Latin for ...

(), ''Phasianus colchicus'' (I) *

Black francolin The black francolin (''Francolinus francolinus'') is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes. It was formerly known as the black partridge. It is the state bird of Haryana state, India (locally known as ''kaala teet ...

(), ''Francolinus francolinus'' (Ex) *

Common quail The common quail (''Coturnix coturnix''), or European quail, is a small ground-nesting game bird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. It is mainly migratory, breeding in the western Palearctic and wintering in Africa and southern India. With its ...

(), ''Coturnix coturnix'' *

Barbary partridge The Barbary partridge (''Alectoris barbara'') is a gamebird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae) of the order Galliformes. It is native to North Africa. Distribution The Barbary partridge has its main native range in North Africa, and is also na ...

(), ''Alectoris barbara'' (I) *

Red-legged partridge The red-legged partridge (''Alectoris rufa'') is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds. It is sometimes known as French partridge, to distinguish it from the English or grey partridge. The ge ...

(), ''Alectoris rufa''

Flamingos

Order:

Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteriformes is a group of water birds which comprises flamingos and their extinct relatives. Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes) and the closely related grebes ( Podicipedidae) are contained in the parent clade Mirandornithes. Fossil ...

Family:

Phoenicopteridae Flamingos or flamingoes () are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbe ...

Flamingo Flamingos or flamingoes () are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbe ...

s are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. *

Greater flamingo The greater flamingo (''Phoenicopterus roseus'') is the most widespread and largest species of the flamingo family. Common in the Old World, they are found in Northern (coastal) and Sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian Subcontinent (south of the Him ...

(), ''Phoenicopterus roseus'' *

Lesser flamingo The lesser flamingo (''Phoeniconaias minor'') is a species of flamingo occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and western India. Birds are occasionally reported from further north, but these are generally considered vagrants. Characteristics The lesse ...

(), ''Phoeniconaias minor'' (A) near-threatened

Grebes

Order:

Podicipediformes Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes (). Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Most grebes fly, although some flightless specie ...

Family: Podicipedidae

Grebe Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order (biology), order Podicipediformes (). Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in sea, marine habitats during Bird migration, migration and winter. Most grebes f ...

s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *

Little grebe The little grebe (''Tachybaptus ruficollis''), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from Latin ...

(), ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' (A – Canary Islands) * Pied-billed grebe (), ''Podilymbus podiceps'' (A) *

Horned grebe The horned grebe or Slavonian grebe (''Podiceps auritus'') is a relatively small and Threatened species, threatened species of waterbird in the family Podicipedidae. There are two subspecies, ''P. a. auritus'' (Slavonian grebe), which breed ...

(), ''Podiceps auritus'' vulnerable * Red-necked grebe (), ''Podiceps grisegena'' (A) *

Great crested grebe The great crested grebe (''Podiceps cristatus'') is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The bird is characterised by its distinctive appearance, featuring striking black, orange-brown, and white plumage, and elaborate courtship displa ...

(), ''Podiceps cristatus'' * Eared grebe (), ''Podiceps nigricollis''

Pigeons and doves

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae is a bird Family (biology), family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the Order (biology), order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in ...

Pigeon Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. ...

s and

dove Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. ...

s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy

cere The beak, bill, or Rostrum (anatomy), rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals. A beak is used for pecking, wikt:grasp#Verb, grasping, and holding (in wikt:probe ...

. *

Rock pigeon The rock dove (''Columba livia''), also sometimes known as "rock pigeon" or "common pigeon", is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon", although the rock dov ...

(), ''Columba livia'' (I) * Stock dove (), ''Columba oenas'' * Common wood-pigeon (), ''Columba palumbus'' *

Bolle's pigeon Bolle's pigeon, Bolle's laurel pigeon or dark-tailed laurel pigeon (''Columba bollii'') is a species of the genus Columba of family Columbidae, doves and pigeons, endemic to the Canary Islands, Spain. This bird is named after the German naturalis ...

(), ''Columba bollii'' (E – Canary Islands) *

Laurel pigeon The laurel pigeon or white-tailed laurel pigeon (''Columba junoniae'') is a species of bird in the Columba (genus), Columba genus in the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). It is endemic (ecology), endemic to the Canary Islands, Spain, and re ...

(), ''Columba junoniae'' (E – Canary Islands) near-threatened * European turtle-dove (), ''Streptopelia turtur'' vulnerable *

Oriental turtle dove The Oriental turtle dove or rufous turtle dove (''Streptopelia orientalis'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae. The species has a wide native distribution range from Central Asia east across Asia to Japan. The populations show variations ...

(), ''Streptopelia orientalis'' (A) * Eurasian collared-dove (), ''Streptopelia decaocto'' * African collared-dove (), ''Streptopelia roseogrisea'' (I) * Laughing dove (), ''Streptopelia senegalensis'' (A) *

Namaqua dove The Namaqua dove (''Oena capensis'') is a small Columbidae, pigeon. It is the Monotypic taxon, only species in the genus ''Oena.'' It is found over much of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as Arabia and Madagascar. Taxonomy The Namaqua dove is the onl ...

(), ''Oena capensis'' (A, D) *

Mourning dove The mourning dove (''Zenaida macroura'') is a member of the dove Family (biology), family, Columbidae. The bird is also known as the American mourning dove, the rain dove, the chueybird, colloquially as the turtle dove, and it was once known a ...

(), ''Zenaida macroura'' (A, D)

Sandgrouse

Order:

Pterocliformes Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae (), a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes (). They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as '' Syrrhaptes'' and the o ...

Family: Pteroclidae Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. * Pallas's sandgrouse (), ''Syrrhaptes paradoxus'' (A) * Pin-tailed sandgrouse (), ''Pterocles alchata'' * Spotted sandgrouse (), ''Pterocles senegallus'' (A) * Black-bellied sandgrouse (), ''Pterocles orientalis''

Bustards

Order: OtidiformesFamily:

Otididae Bustards, including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and in steppe regions. They range in length from . They make up the family Otididae (, formerly known as Otidae). Bustards are ...

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. *

Great bustard The great bustard (''Otis tarda'') is a bird in the bustard family, and the only living member of the genus ''Otis (bird), Otis''. It breeds in open grasslands and farmland from northern Morocco, South Europe, South and Central Europe to temperat ...

(), ''Otis tarda'' vulnerable *

Houbara bustard The African houbara (''Chlamydotis undulata''), also known as the houbara bustard (''houbara'' from for bustards in general), is a relatively small bustard native to North Africa, where it lives in arid habitats. The global population is listed ...

(), ''Chlamydotis undulata'' (Canary Islands only) vulnerable *

Little bustard The little bustard (''Tetrax tetrax'') is a bird in the bustard family, the only member of the genus ''Tetrax''. It breeds in Southern Europe and in Western and Central Asia. Taxonomy The little bustard was formally described in 1758 by the S ...

(), ''Tetrax tetrax'' near-threatened

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are somet ...

Family:

Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are someti ...

The family Cuculidae includes

cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are somet ...

roadrunner The roadrunners (genus ''Geococcyx''), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States, Mexico and C ...

s and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are

brood parasite Brood may refer to: Nature * Brood, a collective term for offspring * Brooding, the incubation of bird eggs by their parents * Bee brood, the young of a beehive * Individual broods of North American periodical cicadas: ** Brood X, the largest ...

s. * Great spotted cuckoo (), ''Clamator glandarius'' *

Yellow-billed cuckoo The yellow-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus americanus'') is a member of the cuckoo family. Common folk names for this bird in the southern United States are rain crow and storm crow. These likely refer to the bird's habit of calling on hot days, often ...

(), ''Coccyzus americanus'' (A) *

Common cuckoo The cuckoo, common cuckoo, European cuckoo or Eurasian cuckoo (''Cuculus canorus'') is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the Geococcyx, roadrunners, the ani (bird), anis and the coucals. This species is a widesp ...

(), ''Cuculus canorus''

Nightjars and allies

Order:

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called bugeaters, their primary source of food ...

Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjar Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called bugeaters, their primary source of food ...

s are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. *

Common nighthawk The common nighthawk or bullbat (''Chordeiles minor'') is a medium-sized crepuscular or nocturnal bird of the Americas within the nightjar (Caprimulgidae) family, whose presence and identity are best revealed by its vocalization. Typically dark ...

(), ''Chordeiles minor'' (A) * Red-necked nightjar (), ''Caprimulgus ruficollis'' * Eurasian nightjar (), ''Caprimulgus europaeus'' * Egyptian nightjar (), ''Caprimulgus aegyptius'' (A – Canary Islands only)

Swifts

Order:

Family:

Apodidae The Apodidae, or swifts, form a family of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes along with hummingbirds. The treeswifts ar ...

Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIF ...

s are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. *

Chimney swift The chimney swift (''Chaetura pelagica'') is a bird belonging to the swift family Apodidae. A member of the genus ''Chaetura'', it is closely related to both Vaux's swift and Chapman's swift; in the past, the three were sometimes considered to ...

(), ''Chaetura pelagica'' (A) vulnerable *

White-throated needletail The white-throated needletail (''Hirundapus caudacutus''), also known as needle-tailed swift or spine-tailed swift, is a large swift in the genus ''Hirundapus''. It is reputed to reach speeds of up to 170 km/h (105 mph) in horizontal flight, but ...

(), ''Hirundapus caudacutus'' (A) *

Alpine swift The alpine swift (''Tachymarptis melba'', formerly ''Apus melba'') is a species of Swift (bird), swift found in Africa, southern Europe, and Asia. They breed in mountains from southern Europe to the Himalayas. Like common swifts, they are bird mi ...

(), ''Apus melba'' *

Common swift The common swift (''Apus apus'') is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or Common house martin, house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes. The re ...

(), ''Apus apus'' * Plain swift (), ''Apus unicolor'' *

Pallid swift The pallid swift (''Apus pallidus'') is a Swift (bird), swift (order Apodiformes). Swifts have very short legs which they use only for clinging to vertical surfaces. The genus name ''Apus'' is Latin for a swift, thought by the ancients to be a ty ...

(), ''Apus pallidus'' *

Pacific swift The Pacific swift (''Apus pacificus'') is a species of bird that is part of the Swift family. It breeds in eastern Asia. It is strongly migratory, spending the northern hemisphere's winter in Southeast Asia and Australia. The general shape a ...

(), ''Apus pacificus'' (A) *

Little swift The little swift (''Apus affinis''), is a small species of Swift (bird), swift found in Africa and southwestern Asia, and are vagrants and local breeders in southern Europe. They are found both in urban areas and at rocky cliffs where they build ...

(), ''Apus affinis'' (A – Canary Islands) * White-rumped swift (), ''Apus caffer'' (A – Canary Islands)

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes ( ) are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that ...

Family:

Rallidae Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family (biology), family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the

rails Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters * Railway track or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' (1967 fi ...

, crakes,

coot Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family, Rallidae. They constitute the genus ''Fulica'', the name being the Latin term for "coot". Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usual ...

s and

gallinule Moorhens—sometimes called marsh hens—are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family (Rallidae). Most species are placed in the genus ''Gallinula'', Latin for "little hen." They are close relatives of coots. They are ...

s. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *

Water rail The water rail, western water rail or European water rail (''Rallus aquaticus'') is a bird of the rail family which breeds in well-vegetated wetlands across Europe, Asia and North Africa. Northern and eastern populations are migratory, but this ...

(), ''Rallus aquaticus'' *

Corn crake The corn crake, corncrake or landrail (''Crex crex'') is a bird in the rail family. It breeds in Europe and Asia as far east as western China, and migrates to Africa for the Northern Hemisphere's winter. It is a medium-sized crake with buff ...

(), ''Crex crex'' (A) * African crake (), ''Crex egregia'' (A) * Sora (), ''Porzana carolina'' (A) * Spotted crake (), ''Porzana porzana'' * Lesser moorhen (), ''Gallinula angulata'' (A) * Eurasian moorhen (), ''Gallinula chloropus'' *

Eurasian coot The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-bla ...

(), ''Fulica atra'' *

Red-knobbed coot The red-knobbed coot or crested coot, (''Fulica cristata''), is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is a resident breeder across much of Africa and in southernmost Spain on freshwater lakes and ponds. It builds a nest o ...

(), ''Fulica cristata'' *

American coot The American coot (''Fulica americana''), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the we ...

(), ''Fulica americana'' (A) *

Allen's gallinule Allen's gallinule (''Porphyrio alleni''), formerly known as the lesser gallinule, is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae. Taxonomy Its former binomial name is ''Porphyrula alleni''. ''Porphyrio'' is the Latin for "swamphen", and ''alleni ...

(), ''Porphyrio alleni'' (A) * Purple gallinule (), ''Porphyrio martinicus'' (A) *

Western swamphen The western swamphen (''Porphyrio porphyrio'') is a species of swamphen in the rail family Rallidae, one of the six species of purple swamphen. From the French name ''talève sultane'', it is also known as the sultana bird. This chicken-sized ...

(), ''Porphyrio porphyrio'' * African swamphen (), ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'' (A) * Striped crake (), ''Amaurornis marginalis'' (A) * Little crake (), ''Zapornia parva'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Baillon's crake Baillon's crake (''Zapornia pusilla''), also known as the marsh crake, is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae. Distribution Their breeding habitat is sedge beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and across the Palearctic. They used to breed in ...

(), ''Zapornia pusilla'' (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves)

Cranes

Order:

Family: Gruidae Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". *

Demoiselle crane The demoiselle crane (''Grus virgo'') is a species of crane found in central Eurosiberia, ranging from the Black Sea to Mongolia and Northeast China. There is also a small breeding population in Turkey. These cranes are migratory birds. Birds f ...

(), ''Virgo anthropoids'' (A) *

Sandhill crane The sandhill crane (''Antigone canadensis'') is a species of large Crane (bird), cranes of North America and extreme northeastern Siberia. The common name of this bird refers to its habitat, such as the Platte River, on the edge of Nebraska's S ...

(), ''Antigone canadensis'' (A) *

Common crane The common crane (''Grus grus''), also known as the Eurasian crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the crane (bird), cranes. A medium-sized species, it is the only crane commonly found in Europe besides the demoiselle crane (''Grus virgo'') an ...

(), ''Grus grus'' (A – Canary Islands)

Sheathbills

Order:

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from '' Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water ...

Family: Chionididae The sheathbills are

scavenger Scavengers are animals that consume Corpse decomposition, dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion, it is also a he ...

s of the Antarctic regions. They have white plumage and look plump and dove-like but are believed to be similar to the ancestors of the modern gulls and terns. *

Snowy sheathbill The snowy sheathbill (''Chionis albus''), also known as the greater sheathbill, pale-faced sheathbill, and paddy, is one of two species of sheathbill. It is usually found on the ground. It is the only land bird native to the Antarctic continent. ...

(), ''Chionis albus'' (A)

Thick-knees

Order:

Family:

Burhinidae The stone-curlews, also known as dikkops or thick-knees, consist of 10 species within the family Burhinidae, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world, with two or more species occurring in some areas of Africa, Asia, ...

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. * Eurasian thick-knee (), ''Burhinus oedicnemus''

Egyptian plover

Order:

Family: Pluvianidae The Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River. * Egyptian plover (), ''Pluvianus aegyptius'' (A)

Stilts and avocets

Order:

Family:

Recurvirostridae The Recurvirostridae are a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups of birds, the avocets (one genus) and the stilts (two genera). Description Avocets and stilts range in length from and in weight from ; ...

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the

avocet The four species of avocets are a genus, ''Recurvirostra'', of waders in the same avian family as the stilts. The genus name comes from Latin , 'curved backwards' and , 'bill'. The common name is thought to derive from the Italian ( Ferrarese) ...

s and

stilt Stilt is a common name for several species of birds in the family Recurvirostridae, which also includes those known as avocets. They are found in brackish or saline wetlands in warm or hot climates. They have extremely long legs, hence the grou ...

s. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. * Black-winged stilt (), ''Himantopus himantopus'' *

Pied avocet The pied avocet (''Recurvirostra avosetta'') is a large black and white wader in the avocet and stilt family, Recurvirostridae. They breed in temperate Europe and across the Palearctic to Central Asia then on to the Russian Far East. It is a m ...

(), ''Recurvirostra avosetta''

Oystercatchers

Order:

Family: Haematopodidae The

oystercatcher The oystercatchers are a group of waders forming the family (biology), family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, ''Haematopus''. They are found on coasts worldwide apart from the polar regions and some tropical regions of Africa and Sout ...

s are large and noisy

plover Plovers ( , ) are members of a widely distributed group of wader, wading birds of subfamily Charadriinae. The term "plover" applies to all the members of the subfamily, though only about half of them include it in their name. Species lis ...

-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s. *

Eurasian oystercatcher The Eurasian oystercatcher (''Haematopus ostralegus'') also known as the common pied oystercatcher, or (in Europe) just oystercatcher, is a wader in the oystercatcher bird family Haematopodidae. It has striking black and white plumage, a long st ...

(), ''Haematopus ostralegus'' *

American oystercatcher The American oystercatcher (''Haematopus palliatus''), occasionally called the American pied oystercatcher, is a member of family Haematopodidae. Originally called the "sea pie", it was renamed in 1731 when naturalist Mark Catesby claimed that h ...

(), ''Haematopus palliatus'' (A) * Canarian oystercatcher (), ''Haematopus meadewaldoi'' (E – Canary Islands) extinct

Plovers and lapwings

Order:

Family:

Charadriidae The bird family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. The family contains 69 species that are divided into 10 genera. Taxonomy The family Charadriidae was introduced (as Charadriadæ) by the English zoologist William El ...

The family Charadriidae includes the

s, dotterels and

lapwing Lapwings (subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds (Family (biology), family Charadriidae) akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and a shrill, ...

s. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. * Black-bellied plover (), ''Pluvialis squatarola'' * European golden-plover (), ''Pluvialis apricaria'' * American golden-plover (), ''Pluvialis dominica'' (A) * Pacific golden-plover (), ''Pluvialis fulva'' (A) *

Northern lapwing The northern lapwing (''Vanellus vanellus''), also known as the peewit or pewit, tuit or tewit, green plover, or (in Ireland and Great Britain) pyewipe or just lapwing, is a bird in the lapwing subfamily. It is common through temperate Palearcti ...

(), ''Vanellus vanellus'' near-threatened * Sociable lapwing (), ''Vanellus gregarius'' (A) critically endangered * White-tailed lapwing (), ''Vanellus leucurus'' (A) * Lesser sand-plover (), ''Charadrius mongolus'' (A) *

Greater sand-plover The greater sand plover (''Anarhynchus leschenaultii'') is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The spelling is often given as "greater sandplover" or "greater sand-plover", but the official IOC and British Ornithologists' Union spelling ...

(), ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' (A) *

Kittlitz's plover Kittlitz's plover (''Anarhynchus pecuarius'') is a small shorebird (35–40 g) in the family Charadriidae that breeds near coastal and inland saltmarshes, sandy or muddy riverbanks or alkaline grasslands with short vegetation. It is native to muc ...

(), ''Charadrius pecuarius'' (A) *

Kentish plover The Kentish plover (''Anarhynchus alexandrinus'') is a small wader () of the family Charadriidae that breeds on the shores of saline lakes, lagoons, and coasts, populating sand dunes, marshes, semi-arid desert, and tundra.Székely, T., A. Argüel ...

(), ''Charadrius alexandrinus'' *

Common ringed plover The common ringed plover or ringed plover (''Charadrius hiaticula'') is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It breeds across much of northern Eurasia, as well as Greenland. Taxonomy The common ringed plover was formally described i ...

(), ''Charadrius hiaticula'' * Semipalmated plover (), ''Charadrius semipalmatus'' (A) *

Little ringed plover The little ringed plover (''Charadrius dubius'') is a small plover. The genus name ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek ''kharadrios'' a bird found in river ...

(), ''Charadrius dubius'' * Killdeer (), ''Charadrius vociferus'' (A) *

Eurasian dotterel The Eurasian dotterel (''Eudromias morinellus''), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. It is the only species placed in the genus ''Eudromias''. The dotterel is a brown-and-black-streaked bird ...

(), ''Charadrius morinellus''

Sandpipers and allies

Order:

Family:

Scolopacidae Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds, or waders, which mainly includes many species known as sandpipers, but also others such as woodcocks, curlews and snipes. Most of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil ...

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the

sandpiper Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds, or waders, which mainly includes many species known as sandpipers, but also others such as woodcocks, curlews and snipes. Most of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or so ...

curlew The curlews () are a group of nine species of birds in the genus ''Numenius'', characterised by their long, slender, downcurved bills and mottled brown plumage. The English name is imitative of the Eurasian curlew's call, but may have been infl ...

godwit Godwits are a group of four large, long-billed, long-legged and strongly bird migration, migratory waders of the bird genus ''Limosa''. Their long bills allow them to probe deeply in the sand for aquatic worms and mollusca, molluscs. In their ...

s, shanks, tattlers,

woodcock The woodcocks are a group of seven or eight very similar living species of sandpipers in the genus ''Scolopax''. The genus name is Latin for a snipe or woodcock, and until around 1800 was used to refer to a variety of waders. The English name ...

snipe A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are characterized by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/ camouflaging plumage. ''Gallinago'' snipe have a nearly ...

dowitcher The three dowitchers are medium-sized long-billed wading birds in the genus ''Limnodromus''. The English name "dowitcher" is from Iroquois, recorded in English by the 1830s. The OED's earliest example is from 1841, but full-text searching giv ...

s and

phalarope A phalarope is any of three living species of slender-necked shorebirds in the genus ''Phalaropus'' of the bird family Scolopacidae. Phalaropes are close relatives of the shanks and tattlers, the '' Actitis'' and Terek sandpipers, and also ...

s. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *

Upland sandpiper The upland sandpiper (''Bartramia longicauda'') is a large sandpiper, closely related to the curlews. Older names are the upland plover and Bartram's sandpiper. In Louisiana, it is also colloquially known as the papabotte. It is the Monotypic tax ...

(), ''Bartramia longicauda'' (A) * Whimbrel (), ''Numenius phaeopus'' *

Slender-billed curlew The slender-billed curlew (''Numenius tenuirostris'') is an extinct species of curlew native to Eurasia and North Africa. Isotope analysis suggests the majority of the former population bred in the Kazakh Steppe despite a record from the Siberia ...

(), ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (A) critically endangered *

Eurasian curlew The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (''Numenius arquata'') is a very large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred ...

(), ''Numenius arquata'' near-threatened *

Bar-tailed godwit The bar-tailed godwit (''Limosa lapponica'') is a large and strongly migratory wader in the family Scolopacidae, which feeds on bristle-worms and shellfish on coastal mudflats and estuaries. It has distinctive red breeding plumage, long legs, ...

(), ''Limosa lapponica'' near-threatened *

Black-tailed godwit The black-tailed godwit (''Limosa limosa'') is a large, long-legged, long-billed shorebird first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is a member of the godwit genus, '' Limosa''. There are four subspecies, all with orange head, neck and ches ...

(), ''Limosa limosa'' near-threatened * Hudsonian godwit (), ''Limosa haemastica'' (A) *

Ruddy turnstone The ruddy turnstone (''Arenaria interpres'') is a small Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan wader, wading bird, one of two species of turnstone in the genus ''Arenaria''. It is now classified in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae but was form ...

(), ''Arenaria interpres'' *

Great knot __NOTOC__ The great knot (''Calidris tenuirostris'') is a small wader. It is the largest species of the genus ''Calidris''. They are a migratory bird which breeds in Siberia, Russia, and flies to southern Asia and Australia in the northern winte ...

(), ''Calidris tenuirostris'' (A) endangered *

Red knot The red knot or just knot (''Calidris canutus'') is a medium-sized shorebird which breeds in tundra and the Arctic Cordillera in the far north of Canada, Europe, and Russia. It is a large member of the ''Calidris'' sandpipers, second only to the ...

(), ''Calidris canutus'' near-threatened *

Ruff Ruff may refer to: Places *Ruff, Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community *Ruff, Washington, United States, an unincorporated community Other uses *Ruff (bird) (''Calidris pugnax'' or ''Philomachus pugnax''), a bird in the wader famil ...

(), ''Calidris pugnax'' *

Broad-billed sandpiper The broad-billed sandpiper (''Calidris falcinellus'') is a small wader, wading bird. The scientific name is from Latin. The specific name ''falcinellus'' is from ''falx, falcis'', "a sickle." Some research suggests that it and some related spec ...

(), ''Calidris falcinellus'' (A) *

Sharp-tailed sandpiper The sharp-tailed sandpiper (''Calidris acuminata'') is a small-medium migratory wader or shorebird, found mostly in Siberia during the summer breeding period (June to August) and Australia for wintering (September to March). Taxonomy The gen ...

(), ''Calidris acuminata'' (A) *

Stilt sandpiper The stilt sandpiper (''Calidris himantopus'') is a small shorebird. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus name ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'' is a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''himant ...

(), ''Calidris himantopus'' (A) *

Curlew sandpiper The curlew sandpiper (''Calidris ferruginea'') is a small wader that breeds on the tundra of Arctic Siberia. It is strongly bird migration, migratory, wintering mainly in Africa, but also in south and southeast Asia and in Australia and New Zeal ...

(), ''Calidris ferruginea'' near-threatened *

Temminck's stint Temminck's stint (''Calidris temminckii'') is a small wader. This bird's common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by ...

(), ''Calidris temminckii'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Red-necked stint The red-necked stint (''Calidris ruficollis'') is a small migratory wader. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''ruficollis'' is from La ...

(), ''Calidris ruficollis'' (A) near-threatened *

Sanderling The sanderling (''Calidris alba'') is a small wading bird. The name derives from Old English ''sand-yrðling'', "sand-ploughman". The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-colour ...

(), ''Calidris alba'' *

Dunlin The dunlin (''Calidris alpina'') is a small wader in the genus '' Calidris''. The English name is a dialect form of "dunling", first recorded in 1531–1532. It derives from ''dun'', "dull brown", with the suffix ''-ling'', meaning a person or ...

(), ''Calidris alpina'' *

Purple sandpiper The purple sandpiper (''Calidris maritima'') is a small shorebird in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae. This is a hardy sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and subarctic regions of Eurasia and North America and winters further south on the Atlan ...

(), ''Calidris maritima'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Baird's sandpiper Baird's sandpiper (''Calidris bairdii'') is a small shorebird. It is among those calidrids which were formerly included in the genus ''Erolia'', which was wiktionary:subsume, subsumed into the genus ''Calidris'' in 1973. The genus name is from An ...

(), ''Calidris bairdii'' (A) *

Little stint The little stint (''Calidris minuta'' or ''Erolia minuta'') is a very small wader. It breeds in arctic Europe and Asia, and is a long-distance migrant, wintering south to Africa and south Asia. It occasionally is a vagrant to North America an ...

(), ''Calidris minuta'' * Least sandpiper (), ''Calidris minutilla'' (A) *

White-rumped sandpiper The white-rumped sandpiper (''Calidris fuscicollis'') is a small shorebird that breeds in the northern tundra of Canada and Alaska. This bird can be difficult to distinguish from other similar tiny shorebirds; these are known collectively as "pee ...

(), ''Calidris fuscicollis'' (A) *

Buff-breasted sandpiper The buff-breasted sandpiper (''Calidris subruficollis'') is a small shorebird. The species name ''subruficollis'' is from Latin ''subrufus'', "reddish" (from ''sub'', "somewhat", and ''rufus'', "rufous") and ''collis'', "-necked/-throated" (from ...

(), ''Calidris subruficollis'' (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened *

Pectoral sandpiper The pectoral sandpiper (''Calidris melanotos'') (often abbreviated pec) is a small, Bird migration, migratory wader that breeds in North America and Palearctic, Asia, wintering in South America and Oceania. It eats small invertebrates. Its bird ...

(), ''Calidris melanotos'' *

Semipalmated sandpiper The semipalmated sandpiper (''Calidris pusilla'') is a very small shorebird. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''pusilla'' is Latin f ...

(), ''Calidris pusilla'' (A) near-threatened * Western sandpiper (), ''Calidris mauri'' (A) *

Short-billed dowitcher The short-billed dowitcher (''Limnodromus griseus''), like its congener the long-billed dowitcher, is a medium-sized, stocky, long-billed shorebird in the family Scolopacidae. It is an inhabitant of North America, Central America, the Caribbea ...

(), ''Limnodromus griseus'' (A) * Long-billed dowitcher (), ''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' (A) *

Jack snipe The jack snipe or jacksnipe (''Lymnocryptes minimus'') is a small stocky wader. It is the smallest snipe, and the only member of the genus ''Lymnocryptes''. Features such as its sternum and its continuous 'bobbing up and down' make it quite dis ...

(), ''Lymnocryptes minimus'' *

Eurasian woodcock The Eurasian woodcock (''Scolopax rusticola'') is a medium-small wader, wading bird found in temperate and subarctic Palearctic realm, Eurasia. It has Camouflage#Cryptic coloration in nature, cryptic camouflage to suit its woodland habitat, with ...

(), ''Scolopax rusticola'' * Great snipe (), ''Gallinago media'' (A) near-threatened *

Common snipe The common snipe (''Gallinago gallinago'') is a small, stocky wader native to the Old World. Distribution and habitat The breeding habitats are marshes, bogs, tundra and wet meadows throughout the Palearctic. In the north, the distribution li ...

(), ''Gallinago gallinago'' *

Wilson's snipe Wilson's snipe (''Gallinago delicata'') is a small, stocky shorebird. The generic name ''Gallinago'' is Neo-Latin for a woodcock or snipe from Latin ''gallina'', "hen" and the suffix ''-ago'', "resembling". The specific name ''delicata'' is ...

(), ''Gallinago delicata'' (A – Canary Islands only) *

Terek sandpiper The Terek sandpiper (''Xenus cinereus'') is a small migratory Palearctic wader 245px, A flock of Red_knot.html" ;"title="Dunlins and Red knot">Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly foun ...

(), ''Xenus cinereus'' (A) *

Wilson's phalarope Wilson's phalarope (''Phalaropus tricolor'') is a small wader. This bird, the largest of the phalaropes, breeds in the prairies of North America in western Canada and the western United States. It is migratory, wintering in inland salt lakes n ...

(), ''Phalaropus tricolor'' (A) *

Red-necked phalarope The red-necked phalarope (''Phalaropus lobatus''), also known as the northern phalarope and hyperborean phalarope, is a small wader. This phalarope breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is migratory, and, unusually for a ...

(), ''Phalaropus lobatus'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Red phalarope The red phalarope or grey phalarope (''Phalaropus fulicarius'') is a small wader. This phalarope breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is migratory, and, unusually for a wader, migrates mainly on oceanic routes, wintering ...

(), ''Phalaropus fulicarius'' *

Common sandpiper The common sandpiper (''Actitis hypoleucos'') is a small Palearctic wader. This bird and its Americas, American sister species, the spotted sandpiper (''A. macularia''), make up the genus ''Actitis''. They are parapatric and replace each other ge ...

(), ''Actitis hypoleucos'' *

Spotted sandpiper The spotted sandpiper (''Actitis macularius'') is a small shorebird. Together with its sister species the common sandpiper (''A. hypoleucos''), it makes up the genus ''Actitis''. They replace each other geographically; stray birds may Hybridisati ...

(), ''Actitis macularius'' (A) *

Green sandpiper The green sandpiper (''Tringa ochropus'') is a small wader (shorebird) of the Old World. The green sandpiper represents an ancient lineage of the genus ''Tringa''; its only close living relative is the solitary sandpiper (''T. solitaria''). The ...

(), ''Tringa ochropus'' *

Solitary sandpiper The solitary sandpiper (''Tringa solitaria'') is a small shorebird. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the Neo-Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'', a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbin ...

(), ''Tringa solitaria'' (A) *

Spotted redshank The spotted redshank (''Tringa erythropus'') is a wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the Neo-Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'', a ...

(), ''Tringa erythropus'' * Greater yellowlegs (), ''Tringa melanoleuca'' (A) *

Common greenshank The common greenshank (''Tringa nebularia'') is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae, the typical waders. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the Neo-Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas ...

(), ''Tringa nebularia'' *

Lesser yellowlegs The lesser yellowlegs (''Tringa flavipes'') is a medium-sized shorebird. It breeds in the boreal forest region of North America. Taxonomy The lesser yellowlegs was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in ...

(), ''Tringa flavipes'' (A) *

Marsh sandpiper The marsh sandpiper (''Tringa stagnatilis'') is a small wader. It is a rather small Tringa, shank, and breeds in open grassy steppe and taiga wetlands from easternmost Europe to the Russian Far East. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the Neo-Latin name ...

(), ''Tringa stagnatilis'' (A – Canary Islands) * Wood sandpiper (), ''Tringa glareola'' *

Common redshank The common redshank or simply redshank (''Tringa totanus'') is a Eurasian wader in the large family Scolopacidae. Taxonomy The common redshank was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of hi ...

(), ''Tringa totanus''

Buttonquail

Order:

Family:

Turnicidae Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are not closely related to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 18 species in ...

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. * Small buttonquail (), ''Turnix sylvaticus'' (Ex)BirdLife International. 2021. ''Turnix sylvaticus'' (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680500A166212521. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22680500A166212521.en. Accessed on 07 July 2024.

Pratincoles and coursers

Order:

Family:

Glareolidae Glareolidae is a family of birds in the wader suborder Lari. It contains two distinct groups, the pratincoles and the coursers. The atypical Egyptian plover (''Pluvianus aegyptius''), traditionally placed in this family, is now known to be o ...

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the

courser The coursers are a subfamily (Cursoriinae) of birds which together with the pratincoles make up the family Glareolidae. They have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. Their most unusual feature for birds classed ...

s, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. *

Cream-colored courser The cream-colored courser (''Cursorius cursor'') is a species of wader in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae. Both parts of the scientific name derive from Latin ''cursor'', "runner", from ''currere'', "to run" which describes their ...

(), ''Cursorius cursor'' (Canary Islands only) * Collared pratincole (), ''Glareola pratincola'' *

Black-winged pratincole The black-winged pratincole (''Glareola nordmanni'') is a wader in the pratincole bird family, Glareolidae. The genus name is a diminutive of Latin ''glarea'', "gravel", referring to a typical nesting habitat for pratincoles. The species name ...

(), ''Glareola nordmanni'' (A) near-threatened

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Family: Stercorariidae The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. * Great skua (), ''Stercorarius skua'' *

South polar skua The south polar skua (''Stercorarius maccormicki'') is a large seabird in the skua family, Stercorariidae. An older name for the bird is MacCormick's skua, after explorer and naval surgeon Robert McCormick, who first collected the type specime ...

(), ''Stercorarius maccormicki'' (A) *

Pomarine jaeger The pomarine jaeger (''Stercorarius pomarinus''), pomarine skua, or pomatorhine skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a migrant, wintering at sea in the tropical oceans. Taxonomy The Pomarine Jaeger is most closely related ...

(), ''Stercorarius pomarinus'' * Parasitic jaeger (), ''Stercorarius parasiticus'' * Long-tailed jaeger (), ''Stercorarius longicaudus'' (A)

Auks, murres, and puffins

Order:

Family:

Alcidae Auks or alcids are birds of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes. The alcid family includes the murres, guillemots, auklets, puffins, and murrelets. The family contains 25 extant or recently extinct species that are divided into ...

Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits; however, they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. * Dovekie (), ''Alle alle'' (A) *

Common murre The common murre or common guillemot (''Uria aalge'') is a large auk. It has a Subarctic, circumpolar distribution, occurring in low-Arctic and boreal waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. It spends most of its time at sea, only coming ...

(), ''Uria aalge'' *

Razorbill The razorbill (''Alca torda'') is a North Atlantic colonial seabird and the only extant member of the genus ''Alca (bird), Alca'' of the family Alcidae, the auks. It is the closest living relative of the extinct great auk (''Pinguinus impennis' ...

(), ''Alca torda'' near-threatened *

Black guillemot The black guillemot or tystie (''Cepphus grylle'') is a medium-sized seabird of the Alcidae family, native throughout northern Atlantic coasts and eastern North American coasts. It is resident in much of its range, but large populations from the ...

(), ''Cepphus grylle'' (A) *

Ancient murrelet The ancient murrelet (') is a bird in the auk family. The English term "murrelet" is a diminutive of "murre", a word of uncertain origins, but which may imitate the call of the common guillemot. Ancient murrelets are called "ancient" because t ...

(), ''Synthliboramphus antiquus'' (A) *

Atlantic puffin The Atlantic puffin ('), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family (biology), family. It is the only puffin native to the Atlantic Ocean; two related species, the tufted puffin and the horned puffin being found ...

(), ''Fratercula arctica''

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order:

Family:

Laridae Laridae is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns (including white terns), noddies, and skimmers. It includes around 100 species arranged into 22 genera. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial bird ...

Laridae is a family of medium to large

seabird Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adaptation, adapted to life within the marine ecosystem, marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent ...

s, the

gull Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the subfamily Larinae. They are most closely related to terns and skimmers, distantly related to auks, and even more distantly related to waders. Until the 21st century, most gulls were placed ...

tern Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae, subfamily Sterninae, that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands. Terns are treated in eleven genera in a subgroup of the family Laridae, which also ...

s, and

skimmer Skimmer may refer to: Animals *Skimmer (bird), a common name for birds in the genus ''Rynchops'' *Skimmer (dragonfly), a common name for dragonflies in the family Libellulidae *Water strider or skimmer, a common name for insects in the family Ge ...

s. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. * Black-legged kittiwake (), ''Rissa tridactyla'' vulnerable *

Sabine's gull Sabine's gull ( or ) (''Xema sabini'') is a small gull. It is usually treated as the only species placed in the genus ''Xema'', though some authors include it with other gulls in a wide view of the genus ''Larus''. It has also been known histor ...

(), ''Xema sabini'' (A) * Slender-billed gull (), ''Chroicocephalus genei'' *

Bonaparte's gull Bonaparte's gull (''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'') is a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America. At in length, it is one of the smallest species of gull. Its plumage is mainly white with grey upperparts. Durin ...

(), ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'' (A) *

Gray-hooded gull The grey-headed gull (''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus''), also known as the grey-hooded gull, is a small species of gull which breeds patchily in South America and Africa south of the Sahara. It is not truly migratory, but is dispersive, becomi ...

(), ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' (A) *

Black-headed gull The black-headed gull (''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'') is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic in Europe and Asia, and also locally in smaller numbers in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters fu ...

(), ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'' *

Little gull The little gull (''Hydrocoloeus minutus''), is a species of gull belonging to the family Laridae which is mainly found in the Palearctic with some small colonies in North America. It breeds on freshwater lakes and marshes, and spends winters at ...

(), ''Hydrocoloeus minutus'' *

Ross's gull Ross's gull (''Rhodostethia rosea'') is a small gull, the only species in its genus, although it has been suggested the genus should be merged with the closely related '' Hydrocoloeus'', which otherwise only includes the little gull. This bird ...

(), ''Rhodostethia rosea'' (A) *

Laughing gull The laughing seagull (''Leucophaeus atricilla'') is a medium-sized gull of North America, North and South America. Named for its laugh-like call, it is an opportunistic omnivore and scavenger. It breeds in large colonies mostly along the Atlantic ...

(), ''Leucophaeus atricilla'' (A) *

Franklin's gull Franklin's gull (''Leucophaeus pipixcan'') is a small (length 12.6–14.2 in, 32–36 cm) gull. The genus name ''Leucophaeus'' is from Ancient Greek ''leukos'', "white", and ''phaios'', "dusky". The specific ''pipixcan'' is a Nahuatl name fo ...

(), ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' (A) *

Mediterranean gull The Mediterranean gull (''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus'') is a small gull. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus ''Ichthyaetus'' is from ''ikhthus'', "fish", and ''aetos'', "eagle", and the specific ''melanocephalus'' is from ''mel ...

(), ''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus'' * Pallas's gull (), ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus'' (A) *

Audouin's gull Audouin's gull (''Ichthyaetus audouinii'') is a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''ikhthus'', "fish", and ''aetos'', "eagle", and t ...

(), ''Ichthyaetus audouinii'' *

Common gull The common gull (''Larus canus'') is a medium-sized gull that breeds in cool temperate regions of the Palearctic from Iceland and Scotland east to Kamchatka in the Russian Far East. Most common gulls bird migration, migrate further south in wint ...

(), ''Larus canus'' *

Ring-billed gull The ring-billed gull (''Larus delawarensis'') is a medium-sized gull native to North America, breeding in Canada and the northern Contiguous United States, and wintering mainly in the United States and northern Mexico. The genus name is from Lat ...

(), ''Larus delawarensis'' *

Herring gull Herring gull is a common name for several birds in the genus ''Larus'', all formerly treated as a single species. Three species are still combined in some taxonomies: * American herring gull (''Larus smithsonianus'') - North America * European h ...

(), ''Larus argentatus'' *

Yellow-legged gull The yellow-legged gull (''Larus michahellis'') is a large gull found in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, which has only recently achieved wide recognition as a distinct species. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of either the Cas ...

(), ''Larus michahellis'' *

Caspian gull The Caspian gull (''Larus cachinnans'') is a large gull and a member of the herring and lesser black-backed gull complex. The scientific name is from Latin. ''Larus'' appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird, and ''cachinnans'' ...

(), ''Larus cachinnans'' (A) * Iceland gull (), ''Larus glaucoides'' (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves) *

Lesser black-backed gull The lesser black-backed gull (''Larus fuscus'') is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. However, it has increased dramatically in North America, especi ...

(), ''Larus fuscus'' * Glaucous-winged gull (), ''Larus glaucescens'' (A – Canary Islands only) *

Glaucous gull The glaucous gull (''Larus hyperboreus'') is a large gull, the second-largest gull in the world. The genus name is from Latin , which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird. The specific name is Latin for "northern" from the A ...

(), ''Larus hyperboreus'' (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves) *

Great black-backed gull The great black-backed gull (''Larus marinus'') is the largest member of the gull family. It is a very aggressive hunter, pirate, and scavenger which breeds on the coasts and islands of the North Atlantic in northern Europe and northeastern Nort ...

(), ''Larus marinus'' *

Kelp gull The kelp gull (''Larus dominicanus''), also known as the Dominican gull, is a gull that breeds on coasts and islands through much of the Southern Hemisphere. The nominate ''L. d. dominicanus'' is the subspecies found around South America, pa ...

(), ''Larus dominicanus'' (A) *

Sooty tern The sooty tern (''Onychoprion fuscatus'') is a tern in the family Laridae. It is a seabird of the tropical oceans, and remarkably, has evolved the ability to fly for years at a time, skimming the sea surface for food, and returning to land only ...

(), ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' (A) *

Bridled tern The bridled tern (''Onychoprion anaethetus'')Sometimes the name is (wrongly?) spelled as ''S. anaestheta'', for instance in: is a seabird of the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. Th ...

(), ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' (A) *

Little tern The little tern (''Sternula albifrons'') is a seabird of the family Laridae. It was first described by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name ''Sterna albifrons''. It was moved to the genus '' Sternula'' whe ...

(), ''Sternula albifrons'' *

Least tern The least tern (''Sternula antillarum'') is a species of tern that breeds in North America and locally in northern South America. It is closely related to, and was formerly often considered conspecific with, the little tern of the Old World. Oth ...

(), ''Sternula antillarum'' (A – Canary Islands) * Gull-billed tern (), ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' *

Caspian tern The Caspian tern (''Hydroprogne caspia'') is a species of tern, with a subcosmopolitan but scattered distribution. Despite its extensive range, it is monotypic of its genus, and has no accepted subspecies. The genus name is from Ancient Greek '' ...

(), ''Hydroprogne caspia'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Black tern The black tern (''Chlidonias niger'') is a small tern generally found in or near inland water that breeds in Europe, Palearctic, Western Asia and North America. In winter the birds migrate to coastal areas of Africa and South America. Taxonomy T ...

(), ''Chlidonias niger'' * White-winged tern (), ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Whiskered tern The whiskered tern (''Chlidonias hybrida'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''khelidonios'', "swallow-like", from ''khelidon'', "swallow". The specific ''hybridus'' is Latin for ''hybrid''; Peter Simon Pall ...

(), ''Chlidonias hybrida'' *

Roseate tern The roseate tern (''Sterna dougallii'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. The genus name ''Sterna'' is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and the specific ''dougallii'' refers to Scottish physician and collector Dr Peter McD ...

(), ''Sterna dougallii'' *

Common tern The common tern (''Sterna hirundo'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar distribution, its four subspecies breeding in Temperateness, temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America. It is stron ...

(), ''Sterna hirundo'' *

Arctic tern The Arctic tern (''Sterna paradisaea'') is a tern in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar breeding distribution covering the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe (as far south as Brittany), Asia, and North America (as far south ...

(), ''Sterna paradisaea'' (A) *

Forster's tern Forster's tern (''Sterna forsteri'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name ''Sterna'' is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and ''forsteri'' commemorates the naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster. It breeds inland in North America ...

(), ''Sterna forsteri'' (A) *

White-cheeked tern The white-cheeked tern (''Sterna repressa'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. It is found around the coasts on the Red Sea, around the Horn of Africa to Kenya, in the Persian Gulf and along the Iranian coast to Pakistan and western In ...

(), ''Sterna repressa'' (A) *

Sandwich tern The Sandwich tern (''Thalasseus sandvicensis'') is a tern in the family Laridae. It is very closely related to the lesser crested tern (''T. bengalensis''), Chinese crested tern (''T. bernsteini''), Cabot's tern (''T. acuflavidus''), and el ...

(), ''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' * Elegant tern (), ''Thalasseus elegans'' (A) near-threatened *

Lesser crested tern The lesser crested tern (''Thalasseus bengalensis'')Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005)A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. ''Molecular Phy ...

(), ''Thalasseus bengalensis'' (A – Canary Islands) * West African crested tern (), ''Thalasseus albididorsalis'' (A)

Tropicbirds

Order:

Phaethontiformes The Phaethontiformes are an order of birds. They contain one extant family, the tropicbirds (Phaethontidae), and one extinct family Prophaethontidae from the early Cenozoic. Several fossil genera have been described, with well-preserved fossil ...

Family:

Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most cl ...

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head. *

Red-billed tropicbird The red-billed tropicbird (''Phaethon aethereus'') is a tropicbird, one of three closely related species of seabird of tropical oceans. Superficially resembling a tern in appearance, it has mostly white plumage with some black markings on the wi ...

(), ''Phaeton aetherius'' (A)

Loons

Order:

Gaviiformes Gaviiformes () is an order of aquatic birds containing the loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives. Modern gaviiformes are found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia (Europe, Asia and debatably Africa), though prehistor ...

Family: Gaviidae Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated. * Red-throated loon (), ''Gavia stellata'' * Arctic loon (), ''Gavia arctica'' (A – Canary Islands) * Pacific loon (), ''Gavia pacifica'' (A) *

Common loon The common loon or great northern diver (''Gavia immer'') is a large member of the loon, or diver, family (biology), family of birds. Reproduction, Breeding adults have a plumage that includes a broad black head and neck with a greenish, purpli ...

(), ''Gavia immer'' (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves)

Albatrosses

Order:

Procellariiformes Procellariiformes is an order (biology), order of seabirds that comprises four family (biology), families: the albatrosses, the Procellariidae, petrels and shearwaters, and two families of storm petrels. Formerly called Tubinares and still call ...

Family:

Diomedeidae Albatrosses, of the biological family (biology), family Diomedeidae, are large seabirds related to the procellariidae, procellariids, storm petrels, and diving petrels in the order Procellariiformes (the tubenoses). They range widely in the So ...

The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic. * Yellow-nosed albatross (), ''Thalassarche chlororhynchos'' (A) *

Black-browed albatross The black-browed albatross (''Thalassarche melanophris''), also known as the black-browed mollymawk,Robertson, C. J. R. (2003) is a large seabird of the albatross family Diomedeidae; it is the most widespread and common member of its family. T ...

(), ''Thalassarche melanophris'' (A)

Southern storm-petrels

Order:

Family:

Oceanitidae Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the Family (biology), family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, ty ...

Southern storm petrels, are

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Oceanitidae, part of the order

. These smallest of seabirds feed on

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against ocean current, currents (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are ca ...

ic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes

bat Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...

-like. *

Wilson's storm-petrel Wilson's storm petrel (''Oceanites oceanicus''), also known as Wilson's petrel, is a small seabird of the austral storm petrel family Oceanitidae. It is one of the most abundant bird species in the world and has a circumpolar distribution mainly ...

(), ''Oceanites oceanicus'' *

White-faced storm-petrel The white-faced storm petrel (''Pelagodroma marina''), ( Māori: ''takahikare'') also known as white-faced petrel or frigate petrel is a small seabird of the austral storm petrel family Oceanitidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ...

(), ''Pelagodroma marina'' (A) * Black-bellied storm-petrel (), ''Fregetta tropica'' (A – Canary Islands only)

Northern storm-petrels

Order:

Family:

Hydrobatidae Northern storm petrels are seabirds in the genus ''Hydrobates'' in the Family (biology), family Hydrobatidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. The family was once Lumpers and splitters, lumped with the similar austral storm petrels in the co ...

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. * European storm-petrel (), ''Hydrobates pelagicus'' *

Leach's storm-petrel Leach's storm petrel or Leach's petrel (''Hydrobates leucorhous'') is a small seabird of the tubenose order. It is named after the British zoologist William Elford Leach. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek. ''Hydrobates'' is from ...

(), ''Hydrobates leucorheus'' vulnerable * Swinhoe's storm-petrel (), ''Hydrobates monorhis'' (A) near-threatened * Band-rumped storm-petrel (), ''Hydrobates castro'' (A)

Shearwaters and petrels

Order:

Family:

Procellariidae The family (biology), family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the diving petrels, the prion (bird), prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order (biology), orde ...

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. *

Northern fulmar The northern fulmar (''Fulmarus glacialis''), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is an abundant seabird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. There has been one confirmed sighting in the Southern Hemisphere, ...

(), ''Fulmarus glacialis'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Cape petrel The pintado petrel (''Daption capense''), also called the Cape petrel, or Cape fulmar, is a common seabird of the Southern Ocean from the family Procellariidae. It is the only member of the genus ''Daption'', and is allied to the fulmarine petr ...

(), ''Daption capense'' (A) * Great-winged petrel (), ''Pterodroma macroptera'' (A) *

Zino's petrel Zino's petrel (''Pterodroma madeira'') or the freira, is a species of small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus, Endemism, endemic to the island of Madeira. This long-winged petrel has a grey back and wings, with a dark "W" marking across the wings ...

(), ''Pterodroma madeira'' (A) endangered * Fea's petrel (), ''Pterodroma feae'' (A) * Black-capped petrel (), ''Pterodroma hasitata'' (A) * Bulwer's petrel (), ''Bulweria bulwerii'' (A) *

Cory's shearwater Cory's shearwater (''Calonectris borealis'') is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It breeds colonially on the archipelago of the Azores in the eastern Atlantic. Outside the breeding season it ranges widely in the Atlantic. ...

(), ''Calonectris diomedea'' * Cape Verde shearwater (), ''Calonectris edwardsii'' (A – Canary Islands only) near-threatened *

Great shearwater The great shearwater (''Ardenna gravis'') is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It breeds colonially on rocky islands in the south Atlantic. Outside the breeding season it ranges widely in the Atlantic. Taxonomy The great s ...

(), ''Ardenna gravis '' *

Sooty shearwater The sooty shearwater (''Ardenna grisea'') is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. In New Zealand, it is also known by its Māori language, Māori name , and is harvested by Māori people for muttonbirding, muttonbird, l ...

(), ''Ardenna griseus'' (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened *

Short-tailed shearwater The short-tailed shearwater or slender-billed shearwater (''Ardenna tenuirostris''; formerly ''Puffinus tenuirostris''), also called yolla or moonbird, and commonly known as the muttonbird in Australia, is the most abundant seabird species in A ...

(), ''Ardenna tenuirostris'' (A) *

Manx shearwater The Manx shearwater (''Puffinus puffinus'') is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx shearwaters were called Manks puffins in the 17th century. Puffin is an ...

(), ''Puffinus puffinus '' *

Yelkouan shearwater upright=0.8, Egg of the yelkouan shearwater The yelkouan shearwater, Levantine shearwater or Mediterranean shearwater (''Puffinus yelkouan'') is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It was formerly treated as a subspec ...

(), ''Puffinus yelkouan'' vulnerable *

Balearic shearwater The Balearic shearwater (''Puffinus mauretanicus'') is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family ''Procellariidae''. ''Puffinus'' is a Neo-Latin loanword based on the English "puffin" and its variants, that referred to the cured carcass of ...

(), ''Puffinus mauretanicus'' (A – Canary Islands) critically endangered * Barolo shearwater (), ''Puffinus baroli'' (A) * Boyd's shearwater (), ''Puffinus boydi'' (A – Canary Islands only)

Storks

Order:

Ciconiiformes Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibise ...

Family: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. *

Black stork The black stork (''Ciconia nigra'') is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. Measuring on average from beak tip to end of tail with a wingspan, t ...

(), ''Ciconia nigra'' *

White stork The white stork (''Ciconia ciconia'') is a large bird in the stork family, Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to en ...

(), ''Ciconia ciconia'' *

Marabou stork The marabou stork (''Leptoptilos crumenifer'') is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae native to sub-Saharan Africa. It breeds in both wet and arid habitats, often near human habitation, especially landfill sites. It is sometim ...

(), ''Leptoptilos crumenifer'' (A, D) *

Yellow-billed stork The yellow-billed stork (''Mycteria ibis'') is a large African stork species in the family Ciconiidae. It is widespread south of the Sahara and also occurs in Madagascar. Taxonomy and evolution The yellow-billed stork lies within the genus ''Myct ...

(), ''Mycteria ibis'' (A, D)

Frigatebirds

Order:

Suliformes The order Suliformes (, dubbed "Phalacrocoraciformes" by ''Christidis & Boles 2008'') is an order of birds recognised by the International Ornithological Congress, International Ornithologist's Union. Regarding the recent evidence that the tradit ...

Family:

Fregatidae Frigatebirds are a Family (biology), family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, ''Fregata''. All have predominantly black plumage, l ...

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. *

Magnificent frigatebird The magnificent frigatebird (''Fregata magnificens''), frigate petrel or man o' war is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae. With a length of and wingspan of , it is the largest species of frigatebird. It occurs over tropical and subtr ...

(), ''Fregata magnificens'' (A)

Boobies and gannets

Order:

Family:

Sulidae The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The 10 species in this family are often considered congeneric in older so ...

The sulids comprise the

gannet Gannets are seabirds comprising the genus ''Morus'' in the family Sulidae, closely related to boobies. They are known as 'solan' or 'solan goose' in Scotland. A common misconception is that the Scottish name is 'guga' but this is the Gaelic n ...

s and

boobies A booby is a seabird in the genus ''Sula'', part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (''Morus''), which were formerly included in ''Sula''. Systematics and evolution The genus ''Sula'' was introduced by the Fre ...

. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. *

Masked booby The masked booby (''Sula dactylatra''), also called the masked gannet or the blue-faced booby, is a large seabird of the booby and gannet family, Sulidae. First described by the French naturalist René-Primevère Lesson in 1831, the masked boob ...

(), ''Sula dactylatra'' (A) *

Brown booby The brown booby (''Sula leucogaster'') is a large seabird of the booby family Sulidae, of which it is perhaps the most common and widespread species. It has a pantropical range, which overlaps with that of other booby species. The gregarious bro ...

(), ''Sula leucogaster'' (A) *

Red-footed booby The red-footed booby (''Sula sula'') is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. Adults always have red feet, but the colour of the plumage varies. They are powerful and agile fliers, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings. They are ...

(), ''Sula sula'' (A) *

Northern gannet The northern gannet (''Morus bassanus'') is a seabird, the largest species of the gannet family, Sulidae. It is native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, breeding in Western Europe and Northeastern North America. It is the largest seabird in t ...

(), ''Morus bassanus'' * Cape gannet (), ''Morus capensis'' (A)

Cormorants and shags

Order:

Family:

Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) ado ...

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful. * Long-tailed cormorant (), ''Microcarbo africanus'' (A, D) *

Pygmy cormorant The pygmy cormorant (''Microcarbo pygmaeus'') is a member of the Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant) family of seabirds. It breeds in south-eastern Europe and south-western Asia. It is partially migratory, with northern populations wintering further ...

(), ''Microcarbo pygmeus'' (A) near-threatened *

Great cormorant The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), also known as just cormorant in Britain, as black shag or kawau in New Zealand, formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and ...

(), ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' *

European shag The European shag or common shag (''Gulosus aristotelis'') is a species of cormorant. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Gulosus''. It breeds around the rocky coasts of western and southern Europe, southwest Asia and north Africa, ma ...

(), ''Gulosus aristotelis'' *

Double-crested cormorant The double-crested cormorant (''Nannopterum auritum'') is a member of the cormorant family of water birds. It is found near rivers and lakes and in coastal areas and is widely distributed across North America, from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska ...

(), ''Nannopterum auritum'' (A – Canary Islands only)

Pelicans

Order:

Pelecaniformes The Pelecaniformes are an order of medium-sized and large waterbirds found worldwide. As traditionally (but erroneously) defined, they encompass all birds that have feet with all four toes webbed. Hence, they were formerly also known by such ...

Family:

Pelecanidae The Pelecanidae is a family of Pelecaniformes, pelecaniform birds within the Pelecani that contains three genera: the extinct ''Eopelecanus'' and ''Miopelecanus'' and the extant ''Pelecanus''. Pelecanids have existed since the late Eocene (Pria ...

Pelican Pelicans (genus ''Pelecanus'') are a genus of large water birds that make up the family Pelecanidae. They are characterized by a long beak and a large throat pouch used for catching prey and draining water from the scooped-up contents before ...

s are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. *

Great white pelican The great white pelican (''Pelecanus onocrotalus'') also known as the eastern white pelican, rosy pelican or simply white pelican is a bird in the pelican family. It breeds from southeastern Europe through Asia and Africa, in swamps and shallow ...

(), ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' *

Pink-backed pelican The pink-backed pelican (''Pelecanus rufescens'') is a bird of the pelican family. It is a resident breeder in the swamps and shallow lakes of Africa and southern Arabian Peninsula, Arabia; it has also been Local extinction, extirpated from Mad ...

(), ''Pelecanus rufescens'' (A, D) *

Dalmatian pelican The Dalmatian pelican (''Pelecanus crispus''), also known as the curly-headed pelican, is the largest member of the pelican family and among the heaviest flying birds in the world. With a wingspan typically ranging between 2.7 and 3.2 meters (8.9� ...

(), ''Pelecanus crispus'' (A, D) near-threatened

Heron, egrets, and bitterns

Order:

Family:

Ardeidae Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 75 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genus '' Botaurus'' are referred to as ...

The family Ardeidae contains the

bittern Bitterns are birds belonging to the subfamily Botaurinae of the heron family Ardeidae. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive than other members of the family. They were called ''hæferblæte'' and various iterations of ''rared ...

heron Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 75 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genus ''Botaurus'' are referred to as bi ...

s and

egret Egrets ( ) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build ...

s. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. *

American bittern The American bittern (''Botaurus lentiginosus'') is a species of wading bird in the heron family. It has a Nearctic distribution, breeding in Canada and the northern and central parts of the United States, and wintering in the U.S. Gulf Coast ...

(), ''Botaurus lentiginosus'' (A) *

Great bittern The Eurasian bittern or great bittern (''Botaurus stellaris'') is a wading bird in the bittern subfamily (Botaurinae) of the heron family Ardeidae. There are two subspecies, the northern race (''B. s. stellaris'') breeding in parts of Europe and ...

(), ''Botaurus stellaris'' (A – Canary Islands) * Little bittern (), ''Ixobrychus minutus'' * Dwarf bittern (), ''Ixobrychus sturmii'' (A – Canary Islands only) *

Great blue heron The great blue heron (''Ardea herodias'') is a large wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, common near the shores of open water and in wetlands over most of North and Central America, as well as far northwestern South America, the Caribbea ...

(), ''Ardea herodias'' (A – Canary Islands only) * Gray heron (), ''Ardea cinerea'' *

Purple heron The purple heron (''Ardea purpurea'') is a wide-ranging heron species. It breeds in Africa, central and southern Europe, and southern and eastern Palearctic. The Western Palearctic populations migrate between breeding and wintering habitats whe ...

(), ''Ardea purpurea'' *

Great egret The great egret (''Ardea alba''), also known as the common egret, large egret, great white egret, or great white heron, is a large, widely distributed egret. The four subspecies are found in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and southern Europe. R ...

(), ''Ardea alba'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Little egret The little egret (''Egretta garzetta'') is a species of small heron in the family Ardeidae. It is a white bird with a slender black beak, long black legs and, in the western race, yellow feet. As an aquatic bird, it feeds in shallow water and on ...

(), ''Egretta garzetta'' * Western reef-heron (), ''Egretta gularis'' (A) * Tricolored heron (), ''Egretta tricolor'' (A – Canary Islands only) *

Cattle egret The cattle egret (formerly genus ''Bubulcus'') is a cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan clade of heron (family (biology), family Ardeidae) in the genus ''Ardea (genus), Ardea'' found in the tropics, subtropics, and warm-temperate zones. Ac ...

(), ''Bubulcus ibis'' * Squacco heron (), ''Ardeola ralloides'' * Green heron (), ''Butorides virescens'' (A – Canary Islands only) * Striated heron (), ''Butorides striata'' (A) * Black-crowned night-heron (), ''Nycticorax nycticorax''

Ibises and spoonbills

Order:

Family:

Threskiornithidae The family Threskiornithidae includes 36 species of large wading birds. The family has been traditionally classified into two subfamilies, the ibises and the spoonbills; however, recent genetic studies have cast doubt on this arrangement, and ha ...

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the

ibis The ibis () (collective plural ibises; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains. "Ibis" derives from the Latin and Ancient Greek word f ...

es and

spoonbill Spoonbills are a genus, ''Platalea'', of large, long-legged wading birds. The spoonbills have a global distribution, being found on every continent except Antarctica. The genus name ''Platalea'' derives from Ancient Greek and means "broad", refe ...

s. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. *

Glossy ibis The glossy ibis (''Plegadis falcinellus'') is a water bird in the order Pelecaniformes and the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae. The scientific name derives from Ancient Greek ''plegados'' and Latin, ''falcis'', both meaning "sickle" a ...

(), ''Plegadis falcinellus'' *

African sacred ibis The African sacred ibis (''Threskiornis aethiopicus'') is a species of ibis, a wading bird of the family Threskiornithidae. It is native to much of Africa, as well as small parts of Iraq, Iran and Kuwait. It is especially known for its role i ...

(), ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' (I/D) *

Northern bald ibis The northern bald ibis, hermit ibis, or Waldrapp (''Geronticus eremita'') is a migratory Old World ibis found in open areas such as grasslands, rocky mountains, and semi-deserts, often close to running water. This glossy black ibis, which, unl ...

(), ''Geronticus eremita'' endangered *

Eurasian spoonbill The Eurasian spoonbill (''Platalea leucorodia''), or common spoonbill, is a wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae, native to Europe, Africa and Asia. The species is partially migratory with the more northerly breeding popu ...

(), ''Platalea leucorodia'' *

African spoonbill The African spoonbill (''Platalea alba'') is a long-legged wading bird Accipitriformes The Accipitriformes (; ) are an order of birds that includes most of the diurnal birds of prey, including hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites, but not falcons. For a long time, the majority view was to include them with the falcons in the Falc ...

Family: Pandionidae The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. *

Osprey The osprey (; ''Pandion haliaetus''), historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than in length and a wingspan of . It ...

(), ''Pandion haliaetus''

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order:

Accipitriformes The Accipitriformes (; ) are an order of birds that includes most of the diurnal birds of prey, including hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites, but not falcons. For a long time, the majority view was to include them with the falcons in the Falc ...

Family:

Accipitridae The Accipitridae () is one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds of prey with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects ...

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes

hawk Hawks are birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are very widely distributed and are found on all continents, except Antarctica. The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks, and others. This ...

eagle Eagle is the common name for the golden eagle, bald eagle, and other birds of prey in the family of the Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of Genus, genera, some of which are closely related. True eagles comprise the genus ''Aquila ( ...

kites A kite is a tethered heavier than air flight, heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create Lift (force), lift and Drag (physics), drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have ...

, harriers and

Old World vulture Old World vultures are vultures that are found in the Old World, i.e. the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, and which belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks. Old World vultures are not ...

s. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. *

Black-winged kite The black-winged kite (''Elanus caeruleus''), also known as the black-shouldered kite (not to be confused with the closely-related Australian species of the same name), is a small diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae best known for it ...

(), ''Elanus caeruleus'' *

Bearded vulture The bearded vulture (''Gypaetus barbatus''), also known as the lammergeier and ossifrage, is a very large bird of prey in the Monotypic taxon, monotypic genus ''Gypaetus''. The bearded vulture is the only known vertebrate whose diet consists of ...

(), ''Gypaetus barbatus'' near-threatened *

Egyptian vulture The Egyptian vulture (''Neophron percnopterus''), also called the white scavenger vulture or pharaoh's chicken, is a small Old World vulture in the monotypic genus ''Neophron''. It is widely distributed from the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa ...

(), ''Neophron percnopterus'' endangered * European honey-buzzard (), ''Pernis apivorus'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Swallow-tailed kite The swallow-tailed kite (''Elanoides forficatus'') is a pernine raptor which breeds from the southeastern United States to eastern Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the ...

(), ''Elanoides forficatus'' (A – Canary Islands only) *

Cinereous vulture The cinereous vulture (''Aegypius monachus''), also known as the black vulture, Eurasian black vulture, and monk vulture, is a very large Raptor (bird), raptor in the family Accipitridae distributed through much of temperate Eurasia. With a body ...

(), ''Aegypius monachus'' near-threatened *

Lappet-faced vulture The lappet-faced vulture or Nubian vulture (''Torgos tracheliotos'') is an Old World vulture belonging to the bird order Accipitriformes, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the only member of the genus ''Torgos''. It ...

(), ''Torgos tracheliotos'' (A) *

Hooded vulture The hooded vulture (''Necrosyrtes monachus'') is an Old World vulture in the order Accipitriformes, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the only member of the genus ''Necrosyrtes,'' which is sister to the larger '' Gyps ...

(), ''Necrosyrtes monachus'' (A, D) *

White-backed vulture The white-backed vulture (''Gyps africanus'') is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the most common vulture species in the continent of Africa. Description The white-ba ...

(), ''Gyps africanus'' (A) critically endangered * Rüppell's griffon (), ''Gyps rueppelli'' (A) critically endangered * Eurasian griffon (), ''Gyps fulvus'' *

Bateleur The bateleur (; ''Terathopius ecaudatus''), also known as the bateleur eagle, is a medium-sized eagle in the family Accipitridae. It is often considered a relative of the snake eagles and, like them, it is classified within the subfamily Circaet ...

(), ''Terathopius ecaudatus'' (A) near-threatened * Short-toed snake-eagle (), ''Circaetus gallicus'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Lesser spotted eagle The lesser spotted eagle (''Clanga pomarina'') is a large Eastern European bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The typical eagles are often united with the buteos, sea eagles, and other more heavy-set Ac ...

(), ''Clanga pomarina'' (A) *

Greater spotted eagle The greater spotted eagle (''Clanga clanga''), also called the spotted eagle, is a large migratory bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, commonly known as "booted eagles".Helbig, A. J., Kocum, A., ...

(), ''Clanga clanga'' (A) vulnerable *

Booted eagle The booted eagle (''Hieraaetus pennatus'', also classified as ''Aquila pennata'') is a medium-sized mostly migratory bird of prey with a wide distribution in the Palearctic and southern Asia, wintering in the tropics of Africa and Asia, with a ...

(), ''Hieraaetus pennatus'' *

Steppe eagle The steppe eagle (''Aquila nipalensis'') is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The steppe eagle's well-feathered legs illustrate it to be a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, also known as the "booted ...

(), ''Aquila nipalensis'' (A) endangered * Spanish eagle (), ''Aquila adalberti'' vulnerable *

Imperial eagle The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest. Heraldic eagles can be found throughout world history like in the Achaemenid Empire or in the present Republic of Indonesia. The European post-classical symbolism of ...

(), ''Aquila heliaca'' (A) vulnerable *

Golden eagle The golden eagle (''Aquila chrysaetos'') is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. They are one of the best-known bird of pr ...

(), ''Aquila chrysaetos'' *

Bonelli's eagle Bonelli's eagle (''Aquila fasciata'') is a large bird of prey. The common name of the bird commemorates the Italian ornithologist and collector Franco Andrea Bonelli. Bonelli is credited with gathering the type specimen, most likely from an expl ...

(), ''Aquila fasciata'' * Eurasian marsh-harrier (), ''Circus aeruginosus'' *

Hen harrier The hen harrier (''Circus cyaneus'') is a bird of prey. It breeds in Palearctic, Eurasia. The term "hen harrier" refers to its former habit of preying on free-ranging fowl. It bird migration, migrates to more southerly areas in winter. Eurasian ...

(), ''Circus cyaneus'' *

Pallid harrier The pallid harrier (''Circus macrourus'') is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier subfamily. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek. ''Circus'' is from ''kirkos'' (circle), referring to a bird of prey named for its circling fl ...

(), ''Circus macrourus'' *

Montagu's harrier Montagu's harrier (''Circus pygargus'') is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier family. Its common name commemorates the British naturalist George Montagu. Taxonomy The first formal description of Montagu's harrier was by the Swedish nat ...

(), ''Circus pygargus'' *

Eurasian sparrowhawk The Eurasian sparrowhawk (''Accipiter nisus''), also known as the northern sparrowhawk or simply the sparrowhawk, is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Adult male Eurasian sparrowhawks have bluish grey upperparts and orange-barred ...

(), ''Accipiter nisus'' *

Northern goshawk The northern goshawk has been split into two species based on significant morphological and genetic differences: * Eurasian goshawk The Eurasian goshawk (; ''Astur gentilis'', formerly ''Accipiter gentilis'') is a species of medium-large bird of ...

(), ''Accipiter gentilis'' *

Red kite The red kite (''Milvus milvus'') is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other Diurnality, diurnal Bird of prey, raptors such as eagles, buzzards, and harrier (bird), harriers. The species currently breeds only i ...

(), ''Milvus milvus'' *

Black kite The black kite (''Milvus migrans'') is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of Accipitridae, although some populations have ...

(), ''Milvus migrans'' *

White-tailed eagle The white-tailed eagle (''Haliaeetus albicilla''), sometimes known as the 'sea eagle', is a large bird of prey, widely distributed across temperate Eurasia. Like all eagles, it is a member of the family Accipitridae (or accipitrids) which also ...

(), ''Haliaeetus albicilla'' (A) *

Rough-legged hawk The rough-legged buzzard (Europe) or rough-legged hawk (North America) (''Buteo lagopus'') is a medium-large bird of prey. It is found in arctic and subarctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia during the breeding season, and migrates s ...

(), ''Buteo lagopus'' (A) *

Common buzzard The common buzzard (''Buteo buteo'') is a medium-to-large bird of prey which has a large range. It is a member of the genus '' Buteo'' in the family Accipitridae. The species lives in most of Europe and extends its breeding range across much of ...

(), ''Buteo buteo'' * Long-legged buzzard (), ''Buteo rufinus'' (A)

Barn-owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Tytonidae The bird family Tytonidae, which includes the barn owls ''Tyto'' and the bay owls ''Phodilus'', is one of the two Family (biology), families of owls, the other being the true owls or typical owls, True owl, Strigidae. They are medium to large owl ...

Barn-owl The barn owls, owls in the genus ''Tyto'', are the most Cosmopolitan distribution, widely distributed genus of owls in the world. They are medium-sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs with ...

s are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. *

Western barn owl The western barn owl (''Tyto alba'') is a species of Tyto, barn owl ''Tyto'' native to Europe, southwestern Asia, and Africa. It was formerly considered a subspecies group together with barn owls native to other parts of the world, but this clas ...

, ''Tyto alba'' ()

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Strigidae The true owls or typical owls (family (biology), family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls and bay owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species ...

The

typical owl The true owls or typical owls (family (biology), family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls and bay owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species ...

s are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. *

Eurasian scops-owl The Eurasian scops owl (''Otus scops''), also known as the European scops owl, common scops owl or just scops owl, is a small owl in the typical owl family Strigidae. Its breeding range extends from southern Europe eastwards to southern Siberia an ...

(), ''Otus scops'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Eurasian eagle-owl The Eurasian eagle-owl (''Bubo bubo'') is a species of eagle-owl, a type of bird that resides in much of Eurasia. It is often just called the eagle-owl in Europe and Asia. It is one of the largest species of owl. Females can grow to a total le ...

(), ''Bubo bubo'' *

Pharaoh eagle-owl The Pharaoh eagle-owl (''Bubo ascalaphus'') is a Middle Eastern and North African species of owl in the family Strigidae. Description The Pharaoh eagle-owl has a mottled plumage and large orange-yellow eyes. The head and upperparts are tawny an ...

(), ''Bubo ascalaphus'' (A) *

Snowy owl The snowy owl (''Bubo scandiacus''), also known as the polar owl, the white owl and the Arctic owl, is a large, white owl of the true owl family. Snowy owls are native to the Arctic regions of both North America and the Palearctic, breeding mo ...

(), ''Bubo scandiacus'' (A, D – Canary Islands only) * Northern hawk owl (), ''Surnia ulula'' (B – Canary Islands) * Eurasian pygmy-owl (), ''Glaucidium passerinum'' (A) *

Little owl The little owl (''Athene noctua''), also known as the owl of Athena or owl of Minerva, is a bird that inhabits much of the temperate and warmer parts of Europe, the Palearctic east to Korea, and North Africa. It was introduced into Britain at t ...

(), ''Athene noctua'' *

Tawny owl The tawny owl (''Strix aluco''), also called the brown owl, is a stocky, medium-sized owl in the family Strigidae. It is commonly found in woodlands across Europe, as well as western Siberia, and has seven recognized subspecies. The tawny owl' ...

(), ''Strix aluco'' *

Maghreb owl The Maghreb owl (''Strix mauritanica'') is an owl of the earless owl genus, ''Strix''. It occurs in northwestern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia and Mauritania. It was previously considered a subspecies of the tawny owl The tawny owl ('' ...

(), ''Strix mauritanica'' *

Long-eared owl The long-eared owl (''Asio otus''), also known as the northern long-eared owlOlsen, P.D. & Marks, J.S. (2019). ''Northern Long-eared Owl (Asio otus)''. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook o ...

(), ''Asio otus'' *

Short-eared owl The short-eared owl (''Asio flammeus'') is a widespread grassland species in the family Strigidae. Owls belonging to genus ''Asio'' are known as the eared owls, as they have tufts of feathers resembling mammalian ears. These "ear" tufts may or ...

(), ''Asio flammeus'' *

Marsh owl The marsh owl (''Asio capensis'') is a medium to large species of owl in the Family (biology), family True owl, Strigidae. Description Medium-sized, dark brown with a pumpkin-shaped head with small 'ear' tufts. The facial disc is pale buff, w ...

(), ''Asio capensis'' (A) *

Boreal owl The boreal owl (''Aegolius funereus'') or Tengmalm's owl is a small owl in the "true owl" family Strigidae. It is known as the boreal owl in North America and as Tengmalm's owl in Europe after Swedish naturalist Peter Gustaf Tengmalm or, more r ...

(), ''Aegolius funereus''

Hoopoes

Order:

Bucerotiformes Bucerotiformes is an order of birds that contains the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes. These birds were previously classified as members of Coraciiformes. The clade is distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and Melanesia ...

Family: Upupidae Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink coloring with a large erectile crest on their head. *

Eurasian hoopoe The Eurasian hoopoe (''Upupa epops'') is the most widespread species of the genus '' Upupa''. It is a distinctive cinnamon coloured bird with black and white wings, a tall erectile crest, a broad white band across a black tail, and a long narrow ...

(), ''Upupa epops''

Kingfishers

Order:

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their b ...

Family: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. *

Common kingfisher The common kingfisher (''Alcedo atthis''), also known as the Eurasian kingfisher and river kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in much of ...

(), ''Alcedo atthis'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Belted kingfisher The belted kingfisher (''Megaceryle alcyon'') is a large, conspicuous water kingfisher, native to North America. Taxonomy The first Species description, formal description of the belted kingfisher was by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1 ...

(), ''Megaceryle alcyon'' (A)

Bee-eaters

Order:

Family:

Meropidae The bee-eaters are a group of birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty-one species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly co ...

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. *

Blue-cheeked bee-eater The blue-cheeked bee-eater (''Merops persicus'') is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family (biology), family, Meropidae. The genus name ''Merops'' is Ancient Greek for "bee-eater", and ''persicus'' is Latin for "Persian". It breeds in Nor ...

(), ''Merops persicus'' (A) *

European bee-eater The European bee-eater (''Merops apiaster'') is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family, Meropidae. It breeds in southern and central Europe, northern and southern Africa, and western Asia. Except for the resident southern African populat ...

(), ''Merops apiaster''

Rollers

Order:

Family:

Coraciidae Coraciidae () is a family of Old World birds, which are known as rollers because of the aerial acrobatics some of these birds perform during courtship or territorial flights. The family contains 13 species and is divided into two genera. Rollers ...

Rollers resemble

crow A crow is a bird of the genus ''Corvus'', or more broadly, a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not linked scientifically to any certain trait but is rathe ...

s in size and build, but are more closely related to the

kingfisher Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species living in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, ...

s and

bee-eater The bee-eaters are a group of birds in the family (biology), family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty-one species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characte ...

s. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. *

European roller The European roller (''Coracias garrulus'') is the only member of the Coraciidae, roller family breeding in Europe. Its range extends into the Maghreb, West Asia and Central Asia. It winters in southern Africa, primarily in dry wooded savanna and ...

(), ''Coracias garrulus'' * Abyssinian roller (), ''Coracias abyssinicus'' (A – Canary Islands only)

Woodpeckers

Order:

Piciformes Nine families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes (), the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives. The Piciformes contain about 71 living genera with a little over 450 species, ...

Family:

Picidae Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar and the extreme polar regions. ...

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *

Eurasian wryneck The Eurasian wryneck or northern wryneck (''Jynx torquilla'') is a species of wryneck in the woodpecker Family (biology), family. They mainly breed in temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Most populations are bird migration, migratory, winteri ...

(), ''Jynx torquilla'' * Middle spotted woodpecker (), ''Dendrocoptes medius'' *

White-backed woodpecker The white-backed woodpecker (''Dendrocopos leucotos'') is a Eurasian woodpecker belonging to the genus ''Dendrocopos''. Taxonomy The white-backed woodpecker was described by the German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein in 1802 under the b ...

(), ''Dendrocopos leucotos'' *

Great spotted woodpecker The great spotted woodpecker (''Dendrocopos major'') is a medium-sized woodpecker with pied black and white plumage and a red patch on the lower belly. Males and young birds also have red markings on the neck or head. This species is found acros ...

(), ''Dendrocopos major'' *

Lesser spotted woodpecker The lesser spotted woodpecker (''Dryobates minor'') is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae. It was formerly assigned to the genus '' Dendrocopos'' (sometimes incorrectly spelt as ''Dendrocopus''). Some taxonomic authorities continue to list ...

(), ''Dryobates minor'' * Levaillant's woodpecker (), ''Picus vaillantii'' (A – African enclaves only) * Iberian green woodpecker (), ''Picus sharpei'' *

Black woodpecker The black woodpecker (''Dryocopus martius'') is a large woodpecker that lives in mature forests across the northern Palearctic. It is the sole representative of its genus in that region. Its range is expanding. The black woodpecker is easily the ...

(), ''Dryocopus martius''

Falcons and caracaras

Order:

Falconiformes The order Falconiformes () is represented by the extant family Falconidae, Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other bird of prey families New World vulture, Cathartidae (New World v ...

Family:

Falconidae The falcons and caracaras are around 65 species of Diurnality, diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order (biology), order Falconiformes). The family likely originated in South America d ...

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *

Lesser kestrel The lesser kestrel (''Falco naumanni'') is a small falcon. This species breeds from the Mediterranean across Afghanistan and Central Asia, to China and Mongolia. It is a summer bird migration, migrant, wintering in Africa and Pakistan and someti ...

(), ''Falco naumanni'' (A – Canary Islands) * Eurasian kestrel (), ''Falco tinnunculus'' * Red-footed falcon (), ''Falco vespertinus'' (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened * Amur falcon (), ''Falco amurensis'' (A) *

Eleonora's falcon Eleonora's falcon (''Falco eleonorae'') is a medium-sized falcon. It belongs to the hobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered a subgenus ''Hypotriorchis''. The sooty falcon is sometimes considered its closest rel ...

(), ''Falco eleonorae'' *

Merlin The Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) is an interferometer array of radio telescopes spread across England. The array is run from Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire by the University of Manchester on behalf of UK Re ...

(), ''Falco columbarius'' *

Eurasian hobby The Eurasian hobby (''Falco subbuteo'') or just hobby, is a small, slim falcon. It belongs to a group of similar falcons often considered a subgenus '' Hypotriorchis''. Taxonomy and systematics The first formal description of the Eurasian hobby ...

(), ''Falco subbuteo'' (A – Canary Islands) *

Lanner falcon The lanner falcon (''Falco biarmicus'') is a medium-sized bird of prey that breeds in Africa, southeast Europe and just into Asia. It prefers open habitat and is mainly resident, but some birds disperse more widely after the breeding season. A l ...

(), ''Falco biarmicus'' (A) *

Saker falcon The saker falcon (Falco cherrug) is a large falcon species. It breeds from Central Europe eastwards across the Palearctic to Manchuria. It is a partial migrant, which means that some part of the population is migratory, some part is not. In Eur ...

(), ''Falco cherrug'' (A) endangered *

Gyrfalcon The gyrfalcon ( or ) (), also abbreviated as gyr, is a bird of prey from the genus ''Falco'' (falcons and kestrels) and the largest species of the family Falconidae. A high-latitude species, the gyrfalcon breeds on the Arctic coasts and tundra, ...

(), ''Falco rusticolus'' (A) *

Peregrine falcon The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known simply as the peregrine, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family (biology), family Falconidae renowned for its speed. A large, Corvus (genus), cro ...

(), ''Falco peregrinus'' (A – Canary Islands)

Old World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Psittaculidae Psittaculidae is a family of parrots, commonly known as Old World parrots, though this term is a misnomer, as not all its members occur in the Old World and Psittacinae also occurs in the Old World. It consists of six subfamilies: Psittricha ...

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed

zygodactyl In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal. The term is derived from the Greek word () meaning "finger." Sometimes the suffix "-dactylia" is used. The derive ...

feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. *

Rose-ringed parakeet The rose-ringed parakeet (''Psittacula krameri''), also known as the ring-necked parakeet, ringneck parrot (in aviculture) or the Kramer parrot, is a medium-sized parrot in the genus ''Psittacula'', of the Family (biology), family Psittacidae. It ...

(), ''Psittacula krameri'' (I)

African and New World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Psittacidae The Family (biology), family Psittacidae or holotropical parrots is one of three families of true parrots. It comprises the 12 species of subfamily Psittacinae (the Afrotropics, Afrotropical parrots) and 167 of subfamily Arinae (the New World or ...

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed

feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Most of the more than 150 species in the family are found in the New World. *

Monk parakeet The monk parakeet (''Myiopsitta monachus''), also known as the monk parrot or Quaker parrot, is a species of true parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is a small, bright-green parrot with a greyish breast and greenish-yellow abdomen. Its averag ...

(), ''Myiopsitta monachus'' (I) *

Red-masked parakeet The red-masked parakeet (''Psittacara erythrogenys'')DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus Aratinga (Aves: Psittacidae) J.V. Remsen, Jr., Erin E. Schirtzinger, Anna Ferraroni, Luís Fábio Silveira & Timothy F. Wright is a medium ...

(), ''Psittacara erythrogenys'' (I)

Tyrant flycatchers

Order:

Passeriformes A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their ...

Family:

Tyrannidae The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) comprise a Family (biology), family of passerine birds which is found virtually throughout North America, North and South America. It is the world's largest family of birds, with more than 400 species, and is ...

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. *

Fork-tailed flycatcher The fork-tailed flycatcher (''Tyrannus savana'') is a passerine bird of the tyrant flycatcher family and is a member of a genus typically referred to as kingbirds. Named for the distinguishably long, forked tail, particularly in males, fork-t ...

(), ''Tyrannus savana'' (A)

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

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Vireonidae The vireos make up a family (biology), family, Vireonidae, of small to medium-sized passerine birds found in the New World (Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and Southeast Asia. The family contains 62 species and is d ...

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia. *

Red-eyed vireo The red-eyed vireo (''Vireo olivaceus'') is a small American songbird. It is somewhat warbler-like but not closely related to the New World warblers (Parulidae). Common across its vast range, this species is not considered threatened by the IUC ...

(), ''Vireo olivaceus'' (A)

Old World orioles

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Family: Oriolidae The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. *

Eurasian golden oriole The Eurasian golden oriole (''Oriolus oriolus''), also called the common golden oriole, is the only member of the Old World oriole family of passerine birds breeding in Northern Hemisphere temperate regions. It is a summer bird migration, migrant ...

(), ''Oriolus oriolus''

Bushshrikes and allies

Order:

Family: Malaconotidae Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive. * Black-crowned tchagra (), ''Tchagra senegalus''

Shrikes

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Family:

Laniidae Shrikes () are passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family is composed of 34 species in two genera. The family name, and that of the larger genus, ''Lanius'', is derived from the Latin word for "butcher", and some shrikes are also known ...

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. *

Red-backed shrike The red-backed shrike (''Lanius collurio'') is a carnivorous passerine bird and member of the shrike family, Laniidae. Its breeding range stretches from Western Europe east to central Russia. It is migratory and winters in the eastern areas of ...

(), ''Lanius collurio'' * Red-tailed shrike (), ''Lanius phoenicuroides'' (A) *

Isabelline shrike The isabelline shrike or Daurian shrike (''Lanius isabellinus'') is a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was previously considered conspecific with the red-backed shrike and red-tailed shrike. It is found in an extensive area between t ...

(), ''Lanius isabellinus'' (A) *

Brown shrike The brown shrike (''Lanius cristatus'') is a bird in the shrike family that is found mainly in Asia. It is closely related to the red-backed shrike (''L. collurio'') and isabelline shrike (''L. isabellinus''). The genus name, ''Lanius'', is deriv ...

(), ''Lanius cristatus'' (A) * Long-tailed shrike (), ''Lanius schach'' (A) * Iberian gray shrike (), ''Lanius meridionalis'' vulnerable * Great gray shrike (), ''Lanius excubitor'' (A) * Lesser gray shrike (), ''Lanius minor'' *

Masked shrike The masked shrike (''Lanius nubicus'') is a species of bird in the shrike family, Laniidae. It breeds in southeastern Europe and at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, with a separate population in eastern Iraq and western Iran. It is bird mi ...

(), ''Lanius nubicus'' (A) *

Woodchat shrike The woodchat shrike (''Lanius senator'') is a member of the shrike family Laniidae. It can be identified by its red-brown crown and nape. It is mainly insectivorous and favours open wooded areas with scattered trees such as orchards, particularly ...

(), ''Lanius senator''

Crows, jays, and magpies

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Family:

Corvidae Corvidae is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan Family (biology), family of Songbird, oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, Rook (bird), rooks, magpies, jackdaws, jays, treepies, choughs, and Nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers ...

The family Corvidae includes

raven A raven is any of several large-bodied passerine bird species in the genus '' Corvus''. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between crows and ravens; the two names are assigne ...

jay Jays are a paraphyletic grouping of passerine birds within the family Corvidae. Although the term "jay" carries no taxonomic weight, most or all of the birds referred to as jays share a few similarities: they are small to medium-sized, usually ...

chough A chough ( ) is any of two species of passerine birds that constitute the genus ''Pyrrhocorax'' of the Corvidae (crow) family. These are the red-billed chough (''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax'') and the Alpine chough (or yellow-billed chough) (''Pyr ...

magpie Magpies are birds of various species of the family Corvidae. Like other members of their family, they are widely considered to be intelligent creatures. The Eurasian magpie, for instance, is thought to rank among the world's most intelligent c ...

treepie The treepies (known also as crypsirinines from the subfamily's name, Crypsirininae) comprise four closely related genera (''Dendrocitta'', ''Crypsirina'', ''Temnurus'' and ''Platysmurus'') of long-tailed passerine birds in the family Corvidae. Th ...

nutcracker A nutcracker is a tool designed to open nuts by cracking their shells. There are many designs, including levers, screws, and ratchets. The lever version is also used for cracking lobster and crab shells. A decorative version, a nutcracker doll ...

s and

ground jay The ground jays or ground choughs belong to a distinct group of the passerine order of birds in the genus ''Podoces'' of the crow family Corvidae. They inhabit high altitude semi-desert areas from central Asia to Mongolia. Ground jays show adapt ...

s. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. *

Eurasian jay The Eurasian jay (''Garrulus glandarius'') is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The ...

(), ''Garrulus glandarius'' *

Iberian magpie The Iberian magpie (''Cyanopica cooki'') is a bird in the crow family. It is long and similar in overall shape to the Eurasian magpie (''Pica pica'') but is slenderer with proportionately smaller legs and bill. It belongs to the genus '' Cyanop ...

(), ''Cyanopica cooki'' *Maghreb magpie (), ''Pica mauritanica'' *Eurasian magpie (), ''Pica pica'' *Eurasian nutcracker (), ''Nucifraga caryocatactes'' (A) *Red-billed chough (), ''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax'' *Yellow-billed chough (), ''Pyrrhocorax graculus'' *Eurasian jackdaw (), ''Corvus monedula'' *Rook (bird), Rook (), ''Corvus frugilegus'' *Carrion crow (), ''Corvus corone'' *Hooded crow (), ''Corvus cornix'' (A) *Pied crow (), ''Corvus albus'' (A, D) *Brown-necked raven (), ''Corvus ruficollis'' (A) *Common raven (), ''Corvus corax''

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

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Family: Paridae The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *Coal tit (), ''Parus ater'' *Crested tit (), ''Parus cristatus'' (A – African enclaves) *Marsh tit (), ''Parus palustris'' *Eurasian blue tit (), ''Cyanistes caeruleus'' *African blue tit (), ''Cyanistes teneriffae'' (A, D) *Great tit (), ''Parus major''

Penduline-tits

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Family: Remizidae The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores. *Eurasian penduline tit (), ''Remiz pendulinus''

Larks

Order:

Family: Alaudidae Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *Greater hoopoe-lark (), ''Alaemon alaudipes'' (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves only) *Thick-billed lark (), ''Ramphocoris clotbey'' (A) *Bar-tailed lark (), ''Ammomanes cinctura'' (A) *Horned lark (), ''Eremophila alpestris'' (A) *Greater short-toed lark (), ''Calandrella brachydactyla'' *Bimaculated lark (), ''Melanocorypha bimaculata'' (A) *Calandra lark (), ''Melanocorypha calandra'' *Black lark (), ''Melanocorypha yeltoniensis'' (A) *Dupont's lark (), ''Chersophilus duponti'' near-threatened *Mediterranean short-toed lark, Lesser short-toed lark (), ''Alaudala rufescens'' *Wood lark (), ''Lullula arborea'' *White-winged lark (), ''Alauda leucoptera'' (A) *Eurasian skylark (), ''Alauda arvensis'' *Thekla's lark (), ''Galerida theklae'' *Crested lark (), ''Galerida cristata''

Bearded reedling

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Family: Panuridae This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia. *Bearded reedling (), ''Panurus biarmicus''

Cisticolas and allies

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Family: Cisticolidae The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub *Zitting cisticola (), ''Cisticola juncidis''

Reed warblers and allies

Order:

Family: Acrocephalidae The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. *Booted warbler (), ''Iduna caligata'' (A) *Sykes's warbler (), ''Iduna rama'' (A) *Eastern olivaceous warbler (), ''Iduna pallida'' (A – Canary Islands only) *Western olivaceous warbler (), ''Iduna opaca'' (A – Canary Islands) *Melodious warbler (), ''Hippolais polyglotta'' *Icterine warbler (), ''Hippolais icterina'' (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves) *Aquatic warbler (), ''Acrocephalus paludicola'' (A – Canary Islands) vulnerable *Moustached warbler (), ''Acrocephalus melanopogon'' *Sedge warbler (), ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' *Paddyfield warbler (), ''Acrocephalus agricola'' (A) *Blyth's reed warbler (), ''Acrocephalus dumetorum'' (A) *Marsh warbler (), ''Acrocephalus palustris'' (A) *Common reed warbler (), ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' *Great reed warbler (), ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus''

Grassbirds and allies

Order:

Family: Locustellidae Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. *River warbler (), ''Locustella fluviatilis'' (A) *Savi's warbler (), ''Locustella luscinioides'' *Common grasshopper-warbler (), ''Locustella naevia''

Swallows

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Family: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *Tree swallow (), ''Tachycineta bicolor'' (A) *Brown-throated martin, Plain martin (), ''Riparia paludicola'' (A) *Bank swallow (), ''Riparia riparia'' *Eurasian crag-martin (), ''Ptyonoprogne rupestris'' *Barn swallow (), ''Hirundo rustica'' *Red-rumped swallow (), ''Hirundo daurica'' *American cliff swallow, Cliff swallow (), ''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota'' (A – Canary Islands) *Common house-martin (), ''Delichon urbicum''

Bulbuls

Order:

Family: Pycnonotidae Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests. *Red-whiskered bulbul (), ''Pycnonotus jocosus'' (I) *Common bulbul (), ''Pycnonotus barbatus'' (A)

Leaf warblers

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Family: Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colors. *Wood warbler (), ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' *Western Bonelli's warbler (), ''Phylloscopus bonelli'' *Eastern Bonelli's warbler (), ''Phylloscopus orientalis'' (A) *Yellow-browed warbler (), ''Phylloscopus inornatus'' (A – African enclaves) *Hume's warbler (), ''Phylloscopus humei'' (A) *Pallas's leaf warbler (), ''Phylloscopus proregulus'' (A) *Radde's warbler (), ''Phylloscopus schwarzi'' (A) *Dusky warbler (), ''Phylloscopus fuscatus'' (A) *Willow warbler (), ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' *Mountain chiffchaff (), ''Phylloscopus sindianus'' (A) *Canary Islands chiffchaff (), ''Phylloscopus canariensis'' (E – Canary Islands) *Common chiffchaff (), ''Phylloscopus collybita'' *Iberian chiffchaff (), ''Phylloscopus brehmii'' *Green warbler (), ''Phylloscopus nitidus'' (A) *Greenish warbler (), ''Phylloscopus trochiloides'' (A) *Two-barred warbler (), ''Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus'' (A) *Arctic warbler (), ''Phylloscopus borealis'' (A)

Bush warblers and allies

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Family: Scotocercidae The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families. *Cetti's warbler (), ''Cettia cetti''

Long-tailed tits

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Family: Aegithalidae Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. *Long-tailed tit (), ''Aegithalos longicaudus ''

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order:

Family: Sylviidae The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. *Eurasian blackcap (), ''Sylvia atricapilla'' *Garden warbler (), ''Sylvia borin'' *Barred warbler (), ''Curruca nisoria'' (A) *Lesser whitethroat (), ''Curruca curruca'' (A) *Western Orphean warbler (), ''Curruca hortensis'' (A – Canary Islands) *African desert warbler (), ''Curruca nana'' (A) *Asian desert warbler (), ''Curruca nana'' (A) *Tristram's warbler (), ''Curruca deserticola'' (A) *Rüppell's warbler (), ''Curruca ruppeli'' (A) *Sardinian warbler (), ''Curruca melanocephala'' *Moltoni's warbler (), ''Curruca subalpina'' *Western subalpine warbler (), ''Curruca iberiae'' *Eastern subalpine warbler (), ''Curruca cantillans'' (A) *Greater whitethroat (), ''Curruca communis'' *Spectacled warbler (), ''Curruca conspicillata'' *Marmora's warbler (), ''Curruca sarda'' (A) *Dartford warbler (), ''Curruca undata'' near-threatened *Balearic warbler (), ''Curruca balearica'' (E – Balearic Islands)

Laughingthrushes and allies

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Family: Leiothrichidae The laughingthrushes are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. *Red-billed leiothrix (), ''Leiothrix lutea'' (I)

Kinglets

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Family: Regulidae The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmouse, titmice. *Goldcrest (), ''Regulus regulus'' *Common firecrest (), ''Regulus ignicapilla''

Wallcreeper

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Family: Tichodromidae The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage. *Wallcreeper (), ''Tichodroma muraria''

Nuthatches

Order:

Family: Sittidae Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. *Eurasian nuthatch (), ''Sitta europaea''

Treecreepers

Order:

Family: Certhiidae Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. *Eurasian treecreeper (), ''Certhia familiaris'' *Short-toed treecreeper (), ''Certhia brachydactyla''

Wrens

Order:

Family: Troglodytidae The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. *Eurasian wren (), ''Troglodytes troglodytes''

Dippers

Order:

Family: Cinclidae Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. *White-throated dipper (), ''Cinclus cinclus''

Starlings

Order:

Family: Sturnidae Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. *European starling (), ''Sturnus vulgaris'' *Spotless starling (), ''Sturnus unicolor'' *Rosy starling (), ''Pastor roseus'' (A)

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order:

Family: Mimidae The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance. *Gray catbird (), ''Dumetella carolinensis'' (A – Canary Islands only)

Thrushes and allies

Order:

Family: Turdidae The Thrush (bird), thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *White's thrush (), ''Zoothera aurea'' (B) *Scaly thrush (), ''Zoothera dauma'' (A) *Gray-cheeked thrush (), ''Catharus minimus'' (A – Canary Islands) *Mistle thrush (), ''Turdus viscivorus'' (A – Canary Islands) *Song thrush (), ''Turdus philomelos'' *Redwing (), ''Turdus iliacus'' near-threatened *Eurasian blackbird (), ''Turdus merula'' *American robin (), ''Turdus migratorius'' (A) *Eyebrowed thrush (), ''Turdus obscurus'' (A) *Fieldfare (), ''Turdus pilaris'' (A – Canary Islands) *Ring ouzel (), ''Turdus torquatus'' *Black-throated thrush (), ''Turdus atrogularis'' (A) *Red-throated thrush (), ''Turdus ruficollis'' (A) *Dusky thrush (), ''Turdus eunomus'' (A) *Naumann's thrush (), ''Turdus naumanni'' (A)

Old World flycatchers

Order:

Family: Muscicapidae Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. *Spotted flycatcher (), ''Muscicapa striata'' *Rufous-tailed scrub-robin (), ''Cercotrichas galactotes'' *European robin (), ''Erithacus rubecula'' *Siberian blue robin (), ''Larvivora cyane'' (A) *Thrush nightingale (), ''Luscinia luscinia'' (A) *Common nightingale (), ''Luscinia megarhynchos'' *Bluethroat (), ''Luscinia svecica'' (A – Canary Islands) *Red-flanked bluetail (), ''Tarsiger cyanurus'' (A) *Red-breasted flycatcher (), ''Ficedula parva'' (A) *Semicollared flycatcher (), ''Ficedula semitorquata'' (A) *European pied flycatcher (), ''Ficedula hypoleuca'' *Atlas flycatcher (), ''Ficedula speculigera'' (A) *Collared flycatcher (), ''Ficedula albicollis'' (A) *Moussier's redstart (), ''Phoenicurus moussieri'' (A) *Common redstart (), ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' *Black redstart (), ''Phoenicurus ochruros'' *Rufous-tailed rock-thrush (), ''Monticola saxatilis'' *Blue rock-thrush (), ''Monticola solitarius'' *Whinchat (), ''Saxicola rubetra'' *Fuerteventura stonechat (), ''Saxicola dacotiae'' (E – Canary Islands) near-threatened *European stonechat (), ''Saxicola rubicola'' *Siberian stonechat (), ''Saxicola maurus'' (A) *Amur stonechat (), ''Saxicola stejnegeri'' (A) *Northern wheatear (), ''Oenanthe oenanthe'' *Isabelline wheatear (), ''Oenanthe isabellina'' (A) *Desert wheatear (), ''Oenanthe deserti'' (A – Canary Islands) *Western black-eared wheatear (), ''Oenanthe hispanica'' *Eastern black-eared wheatear (), ''Oenanthe melanoleuca'' (A) *Red-rumped wheatear (), ''Oenanthe moesta'' (A) *Black wheatear (), ''Oenanthe leucura'' *White-crowned wheatear (), ''Oenanthe leucopyga'' (A – Canary Islands only) *Mourning wheatear (), ''Oenanthe lugens'' (A)

Waxwings

Order:

Family: Bombycillidae The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. *Bohemian waxwing (), ''Bombycilla garrulus'' (A)

Weavers and allies

Order:

Family: Ploceidae The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in color only in the breeding season. *Black-headed weaver (), ''Ploceus melanocephalus'' (I) *Yellow-crowned bishop (), ''Euplectes afer'' (I)

Waxbills and allies

Order:

Family: Estrildidae The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. *Scaly-breasted munia (), ''Lonchura punctulata'' (I) *Orange-cheeked waxbill (), ''Estrilda melpoda'' (I) *Common waxbill (), ''Estrilda astrild'' (I) *Black-rumped waxbill (), ''Estrilda troglodytes'' (I) *Red avadavat (), ''Amandava amandava'' (I)

Accentors

Order:

Family: Prunellidae The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to Old World sparrow, sparrows. *Alpine accentor (), ''Prunella collaris'' *Dunnock (), ''Prunella modularis ''

Old World sparrows

Order:

Family: Passeridae Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow (), ''Passer domesticus'' *Italian sparrow (), ''Passer italiae'' (A) vulnerable *Spanish sparrow (), ''Passer hispaniolensis'' *Desert sparrow (), ''Passer simplex'' (A) *Eurasian tree sparrow (), ''Passer montanus'' *Rock sparrow (), ''Petronia petronia'' *White-winged snowfinch (), ''Montifringilla nivalis''

Wagtails and pipits

Order:

Family: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. *Gray wagtail (), ''Motacilla cinerea'' *Western yellow wagtail (), ''Motacilla flava'' *Eastern yellow wagtail (), ''Motacilla tschutschensis'' (A) *Citrine wagtail (), ''Motacilla citreola'' (A – Canary Islands) *White wagtail (), ''Motacilla alba'' *Richard's pipit (), ''Anthus richardi'' (A – Canary Islands) *Blyth's pipit (), ''Anthus godlewskii'' (A) *Tawny pipit (), ''Anthus campestris'' *Berthelot's pipit (), ''Anthus berthelotii'' (Canary Islands only) *Meadow pipit (), ''Anthus pratensis'' near-threatened *Tree pipit (), ''Anthus trivialis'' *Olive-backed pipit (), ''Anthus hodgsoni'' (A) *Pechora pipit (), ''Anthus gustavi'' (A) *Red-throated pipit (), ''Anthus cervinus'' *Water pipit (), ''Anthus spinoletta'' (A – Canary Islands) *Eurasian rock pipit, Rock pipit (), ''Anthus petrosus'' *American pipit (), ''Anthus rubescens'' (A)

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order:

Family: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. *Common chaffinch (), ''Fringilla coelebs'' *Tenerife blue chaffinch (), ''Fringilla teydea'' (E – Canary Islands) *Gran Canaria blue chaffinch (), ''Fringilla polatzeki'' (E – Canary Islands) *Brambling (), ''Fringilla montifringilla'' (A – Canary Islands) *Hawfinch (), ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' (A – Canary Islands) *Common rosefinch (), ''Carpodacus erythrinus'' (A) *Eurasian bullfinch (), ''Pyrrhula pyrrhula'' (A – African enclaves) *Trumpeter finch (), ''Rhodopechys githaginea'' (A – African enclaves) *Desert finch (), ''Rhodospiza obsoleta'' (A, D) *European greenfinch (), ''Chloris chloris'' *Twite (), ''Linaria flavirostris'' (A) *Eurasian linnet (), ''Linaria cannabina'' *Common redpoll (), ''Acanthis flammea'' (A) *Lesser redpoll (), ''Acanthis cabaret'' (A) *Red crossbill (), ''Loxia curvirostra'' (A – Canary Islands) *European goldfinch (), ''Carduelis carduelis'' *Citril finch (), ''Carduelis citrinella'' (A – African enclaves) *European serin (), ''Serinus serinus'' *Island canary (), ''Serinus canaria'' (Canary Islands only) *Eurasian siskin (), ''Spinus spinus''

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order:

Family: Calcariidae The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. *Lapland longspur (), ''Calcarius lapponicus'' (A) *Snow bunting (), ''Plectrophenax nivalis''

Old World buntings

Order:

Family: Emberizidae The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. *Black-headed bunting (), ''Emberiza melanocephala'' (A) *Red-headed bunting (), ''Emberiza bruniceps'' (A) *Corn bunting (), ''Miliaria calandra'' *Rock bunting (), ''Emberiza cia'' *Meadow bunting (), ''Emberiza cioides'' (A, D) *Cirl bunting (), ''Emberiza cirlus'' *Yellowhammer (), ''Emberiza citrinella'' (A – African enclaves) *Pine bunting (), ''Emberiza leucocephalos'' (A) *Ortolan bunting (), ''Emberiza hortulana'' *Cretzschmar's bunting (), ''Emberiza caesia'' (A) *House bunting (), ''Emberiza sahari'' (A) *Reed bunting (), ''Emberiza schoeniclus'' (A – Canary Islands) *Yellow-breasted bunting (), ''Emberiza aureola'' (A) critically endangered *Little bunting (), ''Emberiza pusilla'' (A) *Rustic bunting (), ''Emberiza rustica'' (A) vulnerable *Black-faced bunting (), ''Emberiza spodocephala'' (A) *Yellow-browed bunting (), ''Emberiza chrysophrys'' (A)

New World sparrows

Order:

Family: Passerellidae The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills. *Dark-eyed junco (), ''Junco hyemalis'' (A) *White-throated sparrow (), ''Zonotrichia albicollis'' (A) *Song sparrow (), ''Melospiza melodia'' (A)

Troupials and allies

Order:

Family: Icteridae Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration. *Bobolink (), ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus'' (A – Canary Islands only) *Baltimore oriole (), ''Icterus galbula'' (A)

New World warblers

Order:

Family: Parulidae The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. *Louisiana waterthrush (), ''Parkesia motacilla'' (A) *Northern waterthrush (), ''Parkesia noveboracensis'' (A – Canary Islands only) *Black-and-white warbler (), ''Mniotilta varia'' (A – Canary Islands only) *Common yellowthroat (), ''Geothlypis trichas'' (A) *American redstart (), ''Setophaga ruticilla'' (A) *Blackpoll warbler (), ''Setophaga striata'' (A) *Yellow-rumped warbler (), ''Setophaga coronata'' (A)

Cardinals and allies

Order:

Family: Cardinalidae The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. *Rose-breasted grosbeak (), ''Pheucticus ludovicianus'' (A)

References

{{Europe topic, prefix = List of birds of Lists of biota of Spain, Birds Lists of birds by country, Spain Lists of birds of Europe, Spain Lists of birds of Africa, Spain