The following is a list of adjectival forms of cities in English and their

demonym A demonym (; ) or 'gentilic' () is a word that identifies a group of people ( inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place ( hamlet, village, town, city, region, ...

ic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these cities. Demonyms ending in ''-ese'' are the same in the singular and plural forms. The ending ''-man'' has

feminine Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and Gender roles, roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as Social construction of gender, socially constructed, and there is also s ...

equivalent ''-woman'' (e.g. ''an Irishman and a Scotswoman''). The French terminations ''-ois'' / ''ais'' serve as both the singular and plural

masculine Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some beh ...

; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the

and is normally changed to

by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as", respectively. Adjectives ending ''-ish'' can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. ''the English, the Cornish''). So can those ending in ''-ch'' / ''-tch'' (e.g. ''the French'', ''the Dutch'') provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective ''Czech'' does not qualify as its ''-ch'' is pronounced ). Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the

language Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed language, signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing syste ...

dialect A dialect is a Variety (linguistics), variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standard language, standardized varieties as well as Vernacular language, vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardize ...

of the same name. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms also refer to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. Additionally, sometimes the use of one or more additional words is optional. Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. Note: Many of these adjectivals and demonyms are not used in English as frequently as their counterparts in other languages. A common practice is to use a city's name as if it were an adjective, as in "Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra", "Melbourne suburbs", etc.

Table

List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies The adjectival forms of the names of astronomical bodies are not always easily predictable. Attested adjectival forms of the larger bodies are listed below, along with the two small Martian moons; in some cases they are accompanied by their demony ...

*** List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions **** List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions ***

List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations The following is a list of adjectival and demonymic forms of countries and nations in English (language), English and their demonymic equivalents. A country adjective describes something as being from that country, for example, "Italian cuisine" is ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for India The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

**** List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines **** List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States *** List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities **** List of adjectivals and demonyms for Colorado cities *** List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions ****

List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

*** List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions * Lists of city nicknames

References

{{Reflist Cities

Table

See also

References