Linguere Ndoye Demba Joos Fadiou, also known as Ndoye Demba in

Senegambia The Senegambia (other names: Senegambia region or Senegambian zone,Barry, Boubacar, ''Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade'', (Editors: David Anderson, Carolyn Brown; trans. Ayi Kwei Armah; contributors: David Anderson, American Council of Le ...

n dynastic history, was a Serer princess from the

Kingdom of Sine The Kingdom of Sine (or Siin in Serer, variations: ''Sin'' or ''Siine'') was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. Toponymy and Demonym During the Guelowar Era the region was named a ...

(now part of present-day

Senegal Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea t ...

), from the later half of the 14th century to the 15th century. The royal title – ''"

Lingeer Lingeer (also: ''Linger'' or Linguère) was the title given to the mother or sister of a king in the Serer kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and previously the Kingdom of Baol; and the Wolof kingdoms of Cayor, Jolof, Baol and Waalo in pre-colonial S ...

"'' means

Queen Queen most commonly refers to: * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a kingdom * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen (band), a British rock band Queen or QUEEN may also refer to: Monarchy * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Q ...

or Royal Princess. She was given in marriage to the '' Brak'' of Waalo – Caaka Mbaar Mbooj (variation : Brac Thiaka Mbar). The surname ''Mbooj'' is the English spelling in the

Gambia The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. Geographically, The Gambia is the List of African countries by area, smallest country in continental Africa; it is surrounded by Senegal on all sides except for ...

, variation include ''Mboge''. In French speaking

, it is spelt ''Mbodj''. Differences in spelling is due to the colonial past of the Gambia and Senegal. France colonized Senegal, whilst Britain colonized the Gambia, thus the division of the two countries. Caaka Mbaar was the second king of Waalo from the Mbooj patrilineage, who ruled in the second half of the 14th century, around 1367. ''Brak'' was the title of the kings of Waalo. Lingeer Ndoye Demba was the founder of the Serer Joos Maternal Dynasty (variations : Dyoss, Diouss-Fahou, Dious-Fadiou, Dieuss, Dihosou, also ''"Diouss"'' – the French spelling in

) of Waalo. In the Wolof Kingdom of Waalo, Lingeer Ndoye Demba is considered the matriarch of the ''Joos'' maternal clan. In the Serer

, it is her grandmother Lingeer Fatim Beye (variations : ''Fa-tim Beye'' or ''Fatimata Beye'') who is considered to be the matriarch of this maternal dynasty. In the

Serer language Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It is the ...

, the word ''"Fa-tim"'' means "the maternal clan of ... ". The Serer surname ''Beye'' (var : Bèye) is also one of the many Serer maternal clans.

Marriage and legacy

Lingeer Ndoye Demba's marriage to Brak Caaka Mbaar took place in the

(the country of her birth). She was given in marriage to the King of

Waalo Waalo () was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what is now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and areas north and south, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north were Moorish emirates; to the ...

during his visit to Sine. After the marriage, she accompanied her husband to the Kingdom of Waalo where she received great hostility from the two established maternal clans : the '' Tedyek Maternal Dynasty'' (of Fula origin) and the '' Loggar Maternal Dynasty'' (of Moor origin). The king's mother was a Loggar and his first wife (Lingeer-Awo Yassin Tanor) was a Tedyek. These three maternal dynasties ruled the kingdom of Waalo with the Mbooj paternal family. For nearly six hundred years, these three maternal clans engaged in dynastic wars among themselves. The Battle of Nder (var : ''Ndeer'') which is still celebrated in Waalo, began as a dynastic war between the Joos Maternal Dynasty (maternal descendants of Lingeer Ndoye Demba, of Serer origin) and the Tedyek, where the Joos family massacred several members of the Tedyek maternal clan.

Descendants of Lingeer Ndoye Demba

From the 14th century until the destruction of Waalo in 1855 during the reign of Lingeer Ndateh Yalla Mbooj many kings of Waalo came from the Joos Maternal Dynasty. Some of these include : *Brak Yerim Mbanyik Ndoye Demba Mbooj, son of Lingeer Ndoye Demba. In a failed attempt to dethrone him, he defeated the Gueye and Diaw family forcing them to seek refuge in

Futa Toro Futa Toro (Wolof language, Wolof and , , ; ), often simply the Futa, is a semidesert region around the middle run of the Senegal River. This region, along the border of Senegal and Mauritania, is historically significant as the center of several F ...

. *Brak Mö Mbôdy Kumba Khedy Mbooj, reigned : reigned : c. 1734 – 1735. At the Battle of Nder (commonly known in

as ''"Talaata-i Ndeer"'' meaning ''"Tuesday of Ndeer"'', the day the battle took place), he commanded the Joos army and led a massacre against the Tedyek Dynasty of Waalo. After killing the Brak of Waalo, Yerim Ndateh Bubou, he ursuped his throne. *Brak Amar Fatim Borso Mbooj, father of Lingeer Ndateh Yalla Mbooj and Lingeer Njombeutt Mbooj, the two sisters who dominated the political scene of Waalo in the 19th century. Reigned : c. 1812 – 1825 according to some. Though it is most probable he reigned up to 1825 or 1826, because he is reported to have died in January 1826. He entered a

religious war A religious war or a war of religion, sometimes also known as a holy war (), is a war and conflict which is primarily caused or justified by differences in religion and beliefs. In the modern period, there are frequent debates over the extent t ...

against the Almamy of

(Almamy Biram, var : Almamy Birani), and is reported to have said, ''"Brak du tuub muk"'' (meaning "a Brak should never convert" (to

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

), in Wolof).

Genealogy

The following is a brief

genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kin ...

of Linguere Ndoye Demba.Names spelt according to English speaking Gambia apart from Ndiaye (French Senegalese) which is spelt Njie in Gambia. For other French spelling variations in Senegal, see corresponding French article. :::::::::::::::::::Family of Lingeer Ndoye Demba Lingeer Fatim Beye (From

, Princess Royal and Queen of Sine, matriarch of the Joos Maternal Dynasty of

) │ Lingeer Ndoung Jein (Princess of Sine) │ │ _______________│ │ │ ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ Lingeer Fatim Malado │ Nancy Demba (Princess of

Sine In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side opposite th ...

) │ (Princess of

) │ │ │______________________________________________________________________ │ │ Lamtoro Abraham Sall (of

) │ │ │ │___________________________________________ │ │ │ ? = Lingeer Fatoumata Sall = Mbarick Bo │ (1) │ (2) │ ______________│ │ │ │ Brak Barka Bo = *Lingeer Faaduma Yumeyga │ │ (''Barka Mbooj'', King of

) │______________________________________ │ │ │ │ Ndiadiane Ndiaye = Lingeer-Awo Maram Doye Gaye = Lingeer Mbat Mboye │ │ (King of Jolof, founder of the

Jolof Empire The Jolof Empire (), also known as Great Jolof or the Wolof Empire, was a Wolof state in modern-day Senegal, that ruled portions of Mauritania and Gambia from the mid-14th centuryFage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland; "The Cambridge History of Africa." Vo ...

) │ (1) (daughter of Amar Gaye) │ (*3) │ │ ___________________________│ │ │ │ │ Ware Ndiaye │ │ │ │ │ │ ___________________________________________│ │ │ │ ______________│ │ │ │ │ Brak Caaka Mbaar Mbooj = Lingeer Ndoye Demba ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ (King of

) │ (From

) │ │ │ │ │ (Princess of Sine, Queen of

) Sare Ndiaye Guet Ndiaye Ndombuur Ndiaye Guedo Ndiaye │ (2) (King of Jolof) ________________│ ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ Brak Yerim Mbanyik Ndoye Demba Mbooj Sodeh Mbooj (King of

) │ │ _____________________________________________________________│ │ │ ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ Jummoul Diouroukh Baka Dequene = Aïssa │ │ ____________________________│ ________________│ ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Degene Mande Bo Mbody Fanta Degene Ko Khadj Yalladj Jaw Njuck Mbouneh Njuck Fary Njuck Borom Borom Mbooj Mbooj Mbooj Ndiouk │ │ Fa Mbooj Njaak

Notes

Bibliography

* Monteil, Vincent, " Esquisses sénégalaises", Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 1966. *Barry, Boubacar, "Le royaume du waalo, le Sénégal avant la conquête", F. Maspéro (1972) *Zaghi, Carlo, "L'Africa nella coscienza europea e l'imperialismo italiano", Guida (1973), p 288 *Bulletin. Serie B: Sciences humaines / Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 41. (1979) *Institut français d'Afrique noire. Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 17. IFAN, (1955)

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