Line (unit)

The line (abbreviated L or l or ‴ or lin.) was a small English unit of length, variously reckoned as , , , or of an inch. It was not included among the units authorized as the British Imperial system in 1824.

Size

The line was not recognized by any statute of the English Parliament but was usually understood as of a barleycorn, (which itself was recognized by statute as of an inch) making it of an inch, and of a foot. The line was eventually decimalized as of an inch, without recourse to barleycorns.

The US button trade uses the same or a similar term but defined as one-fortieth of the US-customary inch (making a button-maker's line equal to ).

In use

Botanists formerly used the units (usually as inch) to measure the size of plant parts. Linnaeus's ''Philosophia botanica'' (1751) includes the Linea in its summary of units of measurements, defining it as []; Stearns gives its length as . Even after metrication, British botanists continued to employ tools with gradations marked as ''linea'' (lines); the British line is approximately and the ligne, Paris line approximately .

Entomology, Entomologists in the UK and other European countries in the 1800s used lines as a unit of measurement for insects, at least for the relatively large mantids and phasmids. Examples include Westwood, in the UK, and de Haan in the Netherlands.

Gunsmiths and armament companies also employed the -inch line (the "decimal line"), in part owing to the importance of the German and Russian arms industries. These are now given in terms of millimeters, but the seemingly arbitrary 7.62 mm (0.30 in) caliber was originally understood as a 3-line caliber (as with the 1891 Mosin–Nagant rifle). The caliber used by the M2 Browning machine gun was similarly a 5-line caliber.

Foreign units

Other similar small units called lines include:

* The Russian ' (ли́ния), of the ''diuym'' which had been set precisely equal to an English inch by Peter the Great
* The French ' or "Paris line", of the French inch ('), 2.256 mm and about 1.06 L.
* The Portuguese ', of the Portuguese inch or 12 "points" (') or 2.29  mm
* The German ' was usually of the German inch but sometimes also German inch
* The Vienna line, of a Vienna inch.
Karl Wilhelm Naegeli; Simon Schwendener
"The Microscope in Theory and Practice"

p. 294.

See also

* English units used prior to 1824
* Imperial units defined by the British Weights and Measures Act 1824
* List of unusual units of measurement

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

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{{DEFAULTSORT:LINE
Units of length
Obsolete units of measurement