Linadaura Anzoátegui Campero (31 March 1846, in Tojo – 25 June 1898, in

Sucre Sucre (; ) is the ''de jure'' capital city of Bolivia, the capital of the Chuquisaca Department and the sixth most populous city in Bolivia. Located in the south-central part of the country, Sucre lies at an elevation of . This relatively high ...

) was a Bolivian poet and writer. She was the first lady of her country between 1880 and 1884.

Biography

Anzoátegui-Campero was born in a

finca ''Finca'' () is a Spanish term for estate. In English usage, it refers to a piece of rural or agricultural land, typically with a cottage, farmhouse or estate building present, and often adjacent to a woodland or plantation. Overview Especial ...

near the villa of Tojo, pertaining to the marquesado of the Valley of Tojo, in the current department of Tarija. She was the daughter of Miguel Anzoátegui-Pacheco de Melo and María Calixta Campero Barragán, and granddaughter of the Marquis of Yavi (or of the Valley of Tojo), Juan José Feliciano Fernández Campero y Pérez de Uriondo Martiarena, who died in 1820 as a prisoner of the Spanish realist forces in

Kingston Kingston may refer to: Places * List of places called Kingston, including the six most populated: ** Kingston, Jamaica ** Kingston upon Hull, England ** City of Kingston, Victoria, Australia ** Kingston, Ontario, Canada ** Kingston upon Thames, ...

(island of

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), for rebelling against the Spanish Crown, following the Surprise of Yavi in 1816. Lindaura Anzoátegui Campero was orphaned at age 16 and sent to live with her sister Adelaida and Adelaida's husband Pedro José Zilvetti in

. During her time there, she developed her intellectual interests thanks to the rich social life afforded by her noble origins and position. In 1872, she met her future husband, general Narciso Campero Leyes, then Minister of War of the Bolivian Government, and they were married on June 24 of that year. Despite their difference in age, Lindaura Anzoátegui Campero had discovered a great intellectual and artistic affinity with her husband. In July 1872, Narciso Campero renounced his charge as minister of War and was appointed plenipotentiary minister of Bolivia for France, Great Britain, and Italy. These diplomatic travels gave Lindaura the opportunity to learn about the latest European trends in literature, and led her to start a literary career herself. Upon their return to Bolivia, the couple withdrew to private life in Sucre, until the beginning of the

War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific (), also known by War of the Pacific#Etymology, multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru), Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Atacama Desert ...

(1879) between Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Narciso Campero offered his military services to president

Hilarión Daza Hilarión Daza (born Hilarión Grosolí Daza; 14 January 1840 – 27 February 1894) was a Bolivian military officer who served as the 19th president of Bolivia from 1876 to his overthrow in a 1879 military coup. During his presidency, the infamo ...

, who entrusted him with the training of the famous Fifth Division, with men of the southern departments of Bolivia. On this occasion, Anzoátegui Campero wrote one of her best-known poems, "Bolivia," dedicated to her husband, head of the Bolivian forces. She also published patriotic poems in

Potosí Potosí, known as Villa Imperial de Potosí in the colonial period, is the capital city and a municipality of the Potosí Department, Department of Potosí in Bolivia. It is one of the list of highest cities in the world, highest cities in the wo ...

and Sucre newspapers. Later events during the war led to the fall of Hilarión Daza, the defeat of Bolivia, and the rise of Narciso Campero to the presidency (1880–1884). Lindaura, then, became Bolivia's First Lady, while she continued with her writing.

Literary work

Lindaura Anzoátegui Campero wrote short and long stories, poems, and historical novels. She wrote several novels about country traditions: ''Cómo se vive en mi pueblo'', ''La mujer nerviosa,'' and ''Cuidado con los celos,'' but she is better known for her historical novels ''Huallparrimachi'', '' Manuel Ascensio Padilla'' and ''El año 1815'', which involve characters from the Bolivian War of Independence: General Gregorio Aráoz of Lamadrid, the poet Juan Wallparrimachi, and Juana Azurduy of Padilla, the heroine of the War of the Republiquetas, all of them presented from a romantic literary perspective, following the trends of the second half of the 19th century. Her literary production was presented to the public under the pseudonyms of "El Novel" and "Las Tres Estrellas." Anzoátegui Campero was also praised for her poetry. Along with another famous female Bolivian writer from the period, Adela Zamudio, she led a new era of recognition for Bolivian women in literature, following the steps of the Argentinian-Bolivian writer

Juana Manuela Gorriti Juana Manuela Gorriti Zuviria (15 June 1818 – 6 November 1892) was an Argentine writer with extensive political and literary links to Bolivia and Peru. She held the position of First Lady of Bolivia from 1848 to 1855. With the publication o ...

. After the presidency years, Narciso Campero and Lindaura Anzoátegui Campero retired once again to private life in Sucre. Narciso Campero died in 1896. His wife followed him on June 25, 1898.

References

Sources

* Anzoátegui Campero de Campero, Lindaura (2006). ''Desafío de mujer, vivir sin el velo de la ilusión''. Plural. . {{DEFAULTSORT:Anzoategui Campero de Campero, Linadaura 1898 deaths 1846 births 19th-century Bolivian poets People from Tarija Department Bolivian women poets 19th-century Bolivian women writers 19th-century Bolivian writers