''Limax dacampi'' (by other authors ''Limax dacampoi'') is a species of air-breathing land

slug Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less Terrestrial mollusc, terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced ...

, a

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

in the family

Limacidae Limacidae, also known by their common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea. Distribution The distributio ...

, the keelback slugs.

Etymology

Luigi Menegazzi named this species in honor of the malacologist Benedetto Da Campo.

Taxonomy

For the time being, this is a problematic taxon; it may be a complex of closely related species. ''Limax dacampi'' is definitely not a synonym of ''

Limax cinereoniger ''Limax cinereoniger'', the ash-black slug is a large species of air-breathing land slug in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. This is the largest land slug species in the world.< ...

'' or ''

Limax maximus ''Limax maximus'' (literally, "biggest slug"), known by the common names great grey slug and leopard slug, is a species of slug in the family Limacidae, the keeled slugs.Marshall, B. (2014). Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World ...

''; it is a separate species. This species was recently again found at the type locality near

Garda (VR) Garda is a town and ''comune'' on the shore of Lake Garda, in the province of Verona, Veneto, northeastern Italy. Garda is from Verona, and is one of the smallest towns in the whole province. Main sights The historical centre of the town, w ...

(

Lake Garda Lake Garda (, , or , ; ; ) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, between Brescia and Milan to the west, and Verona and Venice to the east. The lake cuts into the edge of the Eastern Alps, Italian Alp ...

, Italy) and the copulatory behavior has been documented. The copulation of ''Limax dacampi'' is broadly similar to that of ''Limax maximus'', but shows its own distinctive characteristics.

Description

''Limax dacampi'' reaches a length of about . The body is reddish with two dark bands along the sides or dark spots on the back, excluding the mantle. The head and tentacles are grayish. The sole is light-colored.

Distribution

This species is known to occur in the northern

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...

mainland and in southern

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

Habitat

The species is found in a variety of habitats. It prefers moist and shady forests and bushland.

Subspecies and varieties

The species has been divided into several subspecies and numerous varieties. Some of these subspecies and varieties may be distinct species (or subspecies) within the species complex ''Limax dacampi''. * ''Limax dacampi menegazzii'' Lessona & Pollonera ** ''Limax dacampi menegazzii'' var. ''amaliae''Bettoni ** ''Limax dacampi menegazzii'' var. ''punctatus'' Lessona * ''Limax dacampi renieri'' Lessona & Pollonera ** ''Limax dacampi renieri'' var. ''atratus'' Bettoni ** ''Limax dacampi renieri'' var. ''elegans'' Bettoni **''Limax dacampi renieri'' var.''sordellii'' Bettoni ** ''Limax dacampi renieri'' var. ''nigricans'' Lessona ** ''Limax dacampi renieri'' var. ''sulphureus'' Lessona ** ''Limax dacampi renieri'' var. ''calderinii'' Lessona * ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' Menegazzi ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''typus'' Bettoni ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''trilineolatus'' Bettoni ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''monolineatus'' Bettoni ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''pinii'' Lessona & Pollonera ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''fuscus'' Bettoni ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''taccanii'' Pini ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''gualterii'' Pini ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''maculatus'' Lessona ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''pallescens'' Lessona ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''rufescens'' Lessona ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''monocromus'' Lessona & Pollonera ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''villae'' Pini ** ''Limax dacampi dacampi'' var. ''turatii'' Pini

Bibliography

* https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/170950/1319118 * This article has been expanded using, inter alia, material based on a translation of an article from the Deutsch Wikipedia, by the same name. * Betta, Edoardo de 1870: I molluschi terrestri e fluviatili della provincia Veronese. A complemento della malacologia di L. Menegazzi. S.1-167, Verona, Vicentini & Franchini
Online Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum
(S.23) * Bettoni, Eugenio 1871: Sul Limax Da-Campi, note malacologiche. Bullettino Malacologico Italiano, 3(5): 161-166, Taf. 3,4, Pisa
Online Biodiversity Heritage Library
* Bourguignat, Jules René 1861: Note sur divers limaciens nouveaux ou peu connus. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, (2) 13: 251-263, Paris nline Biodiversity Heritage Library(S.257/8). * Bourguignat, Jules René 1862. Les spiciléges malacologiques. S.I-VII, S.1-287, Taf.1-15, Paris, Baillière
Online Google Books
(S.25) * Lessona, Mario & Carlo Pollonera 1882: Monografia dei limacidi italiani. S.1-82, Taf.1-3. Turin, Loescher
Online Biodiversity Heritage Library
* Menegazzi, Luigi 1855: Malacologia veronese. Rapporto letto nella tornata del 14 settembre 1854. Memorie dell' Accademia d' Agricoltura Commercio ed Arti di Verona, 32: I-XIII, S.1-334, Taf. I-II, Verona, 185
Online GDZ
* Manganelli, G., Bodon, M., Favilli, L. & Giusti, F. 1995. Fascicolo 16. Gastropoda Pulmonata. In: Minelli A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S.: Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. S. 1-60, Bologna, Ed. Calderini.

References

External links

Fauna Europaea

Biolib

Animalbase

Molluscs of Central Europe
* Clemens M. Brandstette

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1416457 Limacidae Gastropods described in 1854