Lily Dougall (1858–1923) was a
Canadian
Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...
writer
[McEntyre, M. (2007). Religious Experience and the New Woman: The Life of Lily Dougall. Journal of American History, 94(3), 943-944. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.] and feminist.
Biography
Born into an evangelical
Presbyterian
Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their nam ...
newspaper family, Dougall's liberal views often conflicted with her religious upbringing. She was the youngest of the nine children. Although born in
Montreal
Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...
,
Canada East
Canada East (french: links=no, Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the United Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new ...
, she was educated in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
and at both the
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 15 ...
and St. Andrew's University in Scotland.
[Marilyn, Rose. "Dougall, Lily" The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature. Eugene Benson and William Toye. Oxford University Press 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Douglas College. 16 September 201]
Link
/ref> While in Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...
, she lived with her aunt.[Story, Norah. The Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1967.] She lived in Montreal from 1897 to 1903[William, Toye, ed. The Concise Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2001.] until she finally settled down in Cumnor, near Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
, in 1911. While there, she lived her life with her lesbian partner, Sophie Earp. In Cumnor, she became the center of a group that was dedicated to thought and conversation. This was similar in its views to that of her first essay, ''Pro Christo et Ecclesia'' (1900).
Her debut novel, ''Beggars All'', was published in 1892 followed by nine other novels. Her contemporaries thought her novels were "well-received" and they have "been widely read far from the shores of her native land". She also did write a novel prior to ''Beggars All'', ''Lovereen, A Canadian Novel'', that was published under a male pseudonym
A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...
. She also published one volume of short stories and eight books of religious philosophy. Four of Dougall's novels have Canadian settings spanning from western British Columbia
British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...
to Eastern Quebec to Atlantic Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island (PEI; ) is one of the thirteen Provinces and territories of Canada, provinces and territories of Canada. It is the smallest province in terms of land area and population, but the most densely populated. The island has seve ...
. ''What Necessity Knows'', ''The Zeitgeist'', ''The Mermaid: A Love Tale'' and ''The Madonna of a Day: A Study''. Her fiction is characterized by twists of fate, disguise, hidden identity and disillusioned love. More noteworthy, however, her work is known for its exploration of religious and philosophical themes. Many of her protagonists are strong, independent females who are typically drawn to the idea of egalitarian marriage.
Works
* ''What Necessity Knows'' (1893)
* ''The Zeit-Geist'' (1895)
* ''The Mermaid'' (1895)
* ''A Dozen Ways Of Love'' (1897)
* ''The Mormon Prophet'' (1899)
* ''The Summit House Mystery'' (1905)
References
Further reading
* Joanna Dean, ''Religious Experience and the New Woman: The Life of Lily Dougall'' (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007).
External links
*
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*
Dougall
at SFU Digitized Collections, Simon Fraser University, Coll. Canada's Early Women Writers (with a photograph)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dougall, Lily
1858 births
1923 deaths
19th-century American women writers
19th-century American writers
19th-century Canadian essayists
19th-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian women writers
20th-century Canadian essayists
Canadian women essayists
Canadian women novelists
Writers from Montreal
19th-century Canadian women writers
Canadian emigrants to the United States