''Lilium bosniacum'' is a lily native to
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
. It is also known as ''zlatni ljiljan'' (
Bosnian for golden lily) and ''Bosanski ljiljan'' (Bosnian lily).
''L. bosniacum'' has often been lumped and split and lumped again. Some results of molecular studies support it as an
infraspecific taxon
In botany, an infraspecific name is the scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species, i.e. an infraspecific taxon or infraspecies. The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the ''International Code of Nomenclature for al ...
of ''Lilium carniolicum''. ''Lilium bosniacum'', together with ''
Lilium albanicum'' and ''
Lilium jankae'' have been treated as varieties of ''
Lilium carniolicum''.
However, extensive
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
-analyses have shown that this group is
polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
.
Description
''Lilium bosniacum'' Beck ex Fritsch 1909 Section 3b
Syn.: ''L. carniolicum var. bosniacumno''
Bulb: ovoid, 6–7 cm in diameter, yellowish.
Stem: 30–90 cm.
Leaves: densely scattered, horizontal with tips curved upwards, narrowly lanceolate with slightly hairy margins.
Flowers: 1–6 in a raceme, nodding, fragrant. Tepals strongly revolute, typical Turk's cap-shape, wax-like texture, yellow to orange without spots, ~6 cm in diameter. Seeds with delayed
hypogeal germination
Hypogeal germination (from Ancient Greek [] 'below ground', from [] 'below' and [] 'earth, ground') is a botanical term indicating that the germination of a plant takes place below the ground. An example of a plant with hypogeal germination is t ...
. Flowering time ~July. 2n=24.
Origin: Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Symbolic use
The golden lily is a traditional
symbol of the Bosniak people, and was a heraldic
national symbol of medieval Bosnia and a
coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...
of the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Република Босна и Херцеговина, separator=" / ") was a state in Southeastern Europe, existing from 1992 to 1995. It is the direct lega ...
and the
Bosniak National Council (Bošnjačko nacionalno vijeće), often referred as the flag of the
Sandžak
Sandžak (Serbian Cyrillic: ; ) is a historical and geo-political region in the Balkans, located in the southwestern part of Serbia and the eastern part of Montenegro. The Bosnian/ Serbian term ''Sandžak'' derives from the Sanjak of Novi Paza ...
region. Its symbolism was also used for the
Order of the Golden Lily.
See also
*
List of Balkan endemic plants
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q310967
bosniacum
Flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Taxa named by Karl Fritsch