Liliopsida

Batsch August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (28 October 1761 – 29 September 1802) was a German naturalist. He was a recognised authority on mushrooms, and also described new species of ferns, bryophytes, and seed plants. Life and career Batsch was born i ...

(

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

: Liliatae) is a

botanical name A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or cultivar group, Group epithets must conform t ...

for the

class Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used d ...

containing the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Liliaceae The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fai ...

(or Lily Family). It is considered synonymous (or nearly synonymous) with the name

monocotyledon Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are flowering plants whose seeds contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. A monocot taxon has been in use for several decades, but with various ranks ...

. Publication of the name is credited to Scopoli (in 1760): see

author citation (botany) In botanical nomenclature, author citation is the way of citing the person or group of people who validly published a botanical name, i.e. who first published the name while fulfilling the formal requirements as specified by the ''International Cod ...

. This name is formed by replacing the termination ''-aceae'' in the name

by the termination ''-opsida'' (Art 16 of the

ICBN The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all tho ...

). Although in principle it is true that circumscription of this class will vary with the taxonomic system being used, in practice this name is very strongly linked to the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a list of systems of plant taxonomy, taxonomic classification system of angiosperms, flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of ...

, and the allied

Takhtajan system A list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits Para ...

. These two are the only major systems to use the name, and in both these systems it refers to the group more widely known as the

s. Earlier systems referred to this group by the name Monocotyledones, with Monocotyledoneae an earlier spelling (these names may be used in any rank). Systems such as the Dahlgren and Thorne systems (more recent than the Takhtajan and Cronquist systems) refer to this group by the name Liliidae (a name in the rank of subclass). Modern systems, such as the APG and

APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly Molecular phylogenetics, molecular-based, list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy that ...

s refer to this group by the name

monocots Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are flowering plants whose seeds contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. A monocot taxon has been in use for several decades, but with various ranks a ...

(a name for a

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

). Therefore, in practice the name Liliopsida will almost surely refer to the usage as in the Cronquist system. In summary the monocotyledons were named: * Monocotyledoneae in the de Candolle system and the

Engler system One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he authored or co-authored. His influence is reflected in the use of the terms "Engler School" and ...

. * Monocotyledones in the Bentham & Hooker system and the

Wettstein system A list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to Richard Wettstein's ''Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik'' (1901–1924). 3rd edition (1924) Outline Syn ...

* class Liliatae and later Liliopsida in the Takhtajan * class Liliopsida in the

(also in the

Reveal system A 20th-century system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system (see also the Thorne & Reveal system) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist James Reveal (1941-2015). The system was published online in 1997 in ten parts as lectu ...

). * subclass Liliidae in the Dahlgren system and the Thorne system (1992) * clade

in the

APG system The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved ...

, the

and the

APG III system The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a f ...

. Each of the systems mentioned above use their own internal taxonomy for the group.

Liliopsida in the Takhtajan system

The

used this internal taxonomy: * class Liliopsida = monocotyledons*: subclass Liliidae *:: superorder Lilianae *:: superorder Dioscoreanae *: subclass Commelinidae *:: superorder Bromelianae *:: superorder Pontederianae *:: superorder Zingiberanae *:: superorder Commelinanae *:: superorder Hydatellanae *:: superorder Juncanae *:: superorder Poanae *: subclass Arecidae *:: superorder Arecanae *: subclass Alismatidae *:: superorder Alismatanae *: subclass Triurididae *:: superorder Triuridanae *: subclass Aridae' *:: superorder Aranae *:: superorder Cyclanthanae *:: superorder Pandananae *:: superorder Typhanae

Liliopsida in the Cronquist system

The internal taxonomy in the

is: * class Liliopsida = monocotyledons*: subclass Alismatidae *:: order Cyclanthales *:: order Arales *: subclass Commelinidae *:: order Commelinales *:: order Eriocaulales *:: order Restionales *:: order Juncales *:: order Cyperales *:: order Hydatellales *:: order Typhales *: subclass Zingiberidae *:: order Bromeliales *:: order

Zingiberales The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morpholog ...

*: subclass Liliidae *:: order

Liliales Liliales is an order (biology), order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web List of systems of plant classification, system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includ ...

*:: order Orchidales

Liliopsida in the Reveal system

The internal taxonomy in the

is: * class 3. Liliopsida *: subclass 1. Alismatidae *:: superorder 1. Butomanae *:: superorder 2. Alismatanae *: subclass 2. Triurididae *: subclass 3. Aridae *:: superorder 1. Acoranae *:: superorder 2. Aranaea *:: superorder 3. Cyclanthanae *:: superorder 4. Pandananae *: subclass 4. Liliidae *: subclass 5. Arecidae *:: superorder 1. Arecanae *: subclass 6. Commelinidae *:: superorder 1. Bromelianae *:: superorder 2. Pontederianae *:: superorder 3. Commelinanae *:: superorder 4. Hydatellanae *:: superorder 5. Typhanae *:: superorder 6. Juncanae *: subclass 7. Zingiberidae *:: superorder 1. Zingiberanae

References

Bibliography

* in * * * * * *

External links

Liliopsida observations on iNaturalist
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1147601 Liliaceae Monocots Plant classes