A life list, or life-list, is a

list A list is a Set (mathematics), set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of t ...

of all

biological species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of classification an ...

seen by a person. The action of tracking which biological species one has observed is known as lifelisting. The phrase is particularly common among bird watchers and fishermen, though it can be applied to many animal types. Those who compile life lists may compete with each other to have the largest list with the most unique species. Lifelisting can take many forms, as it is up to each individual what they "count" for their list and what they don't. Some birders will only count birds they see, while others might take a vocalization as evidence enough to add the species to their lifelist. In other cases, a birder might be in a group of people bird watching when only one person sees and identifies the bird, and the others may choose whether or not to add it to their list.

Birding

There is some controversy surrounding the concept. As there is no way to prove one has seen every bird they claim to, the entire concept relies on the honor system. Some people may add birds they have "seen" on the internet or in film to life lists, though this is generally discouraged. Some birders may hope to see every species of bird on earth. As bird species and entire

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

are reclassified, this goal becomes more challenging. For example, if a single species is reclassified as two distinct ones, or vice versa, this can retroactively affect a completed list. The first person to record over 8,000 species was birder Phoebe Snetsinger; due to the reclassification of taxa, her record has been revised to 8,398. Electronic resources have made the keeping of life lists easier in the 21st century. The website

eBird eBird is an online database of bird observations providing scientists, researchers and amateur naturalists with real-time data about bird distribution and abundance. Originally restricted to sightings from the Western Hemisphere, the project e ...

is a database in which users can enter their sightings and upload photos and audio recordings of birds they have seen. A user's profile will show the number of species they have seen.

iNaturalist iNaturalist is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit social network of naturalists, citizen scientists, and biologists built on the concept of mapping and sharing observations of biodiversity across the globe. iNaturalist may be accessed via its web ...

is a similar site where users can upload sightings and media, though unlike eBird, it allows a user to log many different animal and plant groups, as opposed to just birds.

Other animals

Lifelists in fishing are more complicated compared to in briding. Since there are so many methods of fishing as opposed to the relative simplicity of birding, fisherman disagree what "counts" for their lifelist and what doesn't. Some fisherman will only count fish species that they caught on hook and line, where the hook is fair, and the fish visibly took the bait. Others are less strict, and some naturalists will even keep a lifelist with dipnets, or seines. The most popular form of lifelisting when it comes to fishing is called microfishing, where fisherman will use small hooks on rods lacking reels, targeting small species entirely by sight, often at night. This is particularly effective at building a large lifelist because there are a much greater number of species available to catch when you can target small fishes rather than just large game fish. Other species that may be lifelisted include

primates Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers and simians ( monkeys and apes). Primates arose 74–63 ...

, fungi, plants, and insects.

References

Birdwatching {{biology-stub Observation hobbies

Birding

Other animals

See also

References