Liborio Angelucci (born 1746,

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

; died 1811,

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard language, Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the List of cities in Italy, second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 ...

) was an Italian physician and politician.

Biography

He had an excellent reputation as a physician and obstetrician and as a scholar because he was editor of the first Roman edition of Dante's

Divine Comedy The ''Divine Comedy'' ( it, Divina Commedia ) is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun 1308 and completed in around 1321, shortly before the author's death. It is widely considered the pre-eminent work in Italian literature a ...

. He was among the first in Rome to accept ideas of French Revolution and one of the few who worked for it. He was in contact with de Bassville whose doctor he was. In May 1794, he was arrested on charges of relationships with France and plotting against

Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...

. Released from

Castel Sant'Angelo The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant'Angelo (; English: ''Castle of the Holy Angel''), is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy. It was initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum ...

on medical parole, he was in house arrest. Three years later (August 1797), he was arrested again for plotting to murder the Pope then released again as the result of French help following the

treaty of Tolentino {{unreferenced, date=June 2018 The Treaty of Tolentino was a peace treaty between Revolutionary France and the Papal States, signed on 19 February 1797 and imposing terms of surrender on the Papal side. The signatories for France were the French Di ...

. He was now regarded as one of the pro-French party leader and he developed relationships with the new French Ambassador

Eugène de Beauharnais Eugène Rose de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg (; 3 September 1781 – 21 February 1824) was a French nobleman, statesman, and military commander who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Through the second marri ...

. From September 1797 to March 1798, after a brief stop in Milan where he saw

Ugo Foscolo Ugo Foscolo (; 6 February 177810 September 1827), born Niccolò Foscolo, was an Italian writer, revolutionary and a poet. He is especially remembered for his 1807 long poem ''Dei Sepolcri''. Early life Foscolo was born in Zakynthos in the Ion ...

, he met

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

first in Rastadt, then in Paris to advocate for the Rome release. Following the fall of Rome when Berthier French troops invaded on 10 February 1798, Angelucci returned to Rome and was called up as a

Prefect Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefect's ...

, and shortly after,

Consul Consul (abbrev. ''cos.''; Latin plural ''consules'') was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states th ...

of the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingd ...

(20 March 1798). As soon as he came to power, he was far from meeting the patriotic and democratic expectations of his fellows, concerned primarily with his family economical position while avoiding French occupants offence. Following numerous misappropriations, he was forced to resign but remained a prominent politician. In September 1799, at the fall of

, he followed the French and took refuge in France, in Marseille and Paris. After Marengo, he went back to Italy but not to Roma. Instead, he stopped in Milan where he became the Surgeon and Major Surgeon of the Italian Division of the "Veliti della Guardia". In 1809, when the French army occupied Rome, he went back home but he was kept out into the margins of public life by the Imperial administration. He was a member of the Roman Republic National Institute (''Istituto nazionale della Repubblica romana''). He died on 1811.

Posthumous reputation

Puccini Giacomo Puccini (Lucca, 22 December 1858Bruxelles, 29 November 1924) was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he was descended from a long li ...

Tosca ''Tosca'' is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dr ...

, the character of Cesare Angelotti was based in part upon Liborio Angelucci's life.

Bibliography

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angelucci, Liborio 1746 births 1811 deaths Physicians from Rome Roman Republic (18th century) Politicians from Rome