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The Lezgin language has been written in several different alphabets over the course of its history. These alphabets have been based on three scripts:
Until 1928, Lezgin was written in Arabic script, which was taught in religious schools. In the early 1920s, it was used in a few secular textbooks.
In parallel with the Arabic alphabet, as alphabet based on Cyrillic compiled by Baron
"Transliteration of Lezgin".Non-Slavic Languages in Cyrillic Script
(including Uslar Cyrillic) from ''ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts'' ( Library of Congress) Lezgian languages Latin alphabets Cyrillic alphabets
Arabic script
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it or a script directly derived from it, and the ...
, Latin script, and Cyrillic script.
History
Until 1928, Lezgin was written in Arabic script, which was taught in religious schools. In the early 1920s, it was used in a few secular textbooks.
In parallel with the Arabic alphabet, as alphabet based on Cyrillic compiled by Baron Peter von Uslar
Baron Peter von Uslar (, ''Pjotr Karlovič Uslar'') ( — () was a Russian general, engineer and linguist of German descent, known for his research of languages and ethnography of peoples of Caucasus.
Biography
Peter von Uslar was born in ...
in the 1860s was used. In 1911, a slightly modified version of this alphabet was published as a primer used in secular schools.
In 1928, under the Soviet Union's process of Romanization, a Lezgin Latin alphabet was created and this was altered in 1932.
In 1938, as with most other Soviet languages, a new Cyrillic alphabet was created for Lezgin. Changes after its introduction include adding the letter Ё ё and replacing Уӏ уӏ with Уь уь. This alphabet is still used in various publications.
Lezgin Arabic alphabet
The Lezgin Arabic alphabet was as follows:Lezgin Latin alphabet 1928–32
The Latin alphabet of 1928–1932's displayed all phonemes in contrast to the current alphabet but did not differentiate aspirated and non-aspirated consonants (k and kʰ, p-pʰ, t-tʰ, q-qʰ, t͡ʃ-t͡ʃʰ, and t͡s-t͡sʰ). The alphabet was as follows:Lezgin Latin alphabet 1932–38
The first Latin alphabet was changed in 1932. A comparison of the two alphabets follows:
Lezgin Cyrillic alphabet
There are 54 consonants in Lezgin. Aspiration is not normally indicated in the orthography, despite the fact that it is phonemic. The current Lezgin Cyrillic alphabet is as follows:Талибов Б. Б., Гаджиев М. М. Лезгинско-русский словарь. Moscow, 1966. Notes: * щ is used only in words borrowed from Russian language but is pronounced ш * ё is used in only one word, ёъ () * ы () is very common in Lezgin dialects * ь (the soft sign) is only used in Lezgin appended to other letters to form different phonemes (гь, хь, уь, кь). Lezgin has no soft phonemes and the ь is not used to denotepalatalization
Palatalization may refer to:
*Palatalization (phonetics), the phonetic feature of palatal secondary articulation
*Palatalization (sound change)
Palatalization is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulation ...
, even in borrowed words (where it is not written; e.g., автомобил, мултфилм).
Comparative table of Lezgin alphabets
References
{{reflistExternal links
*Thomas T. Pedersen"Transliteration of Lezgin".
(including Uslar Cyrillic) from ''ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts'' ( Library of Congress) Lezgian languages Latin alphabets Cyrillic alphabets