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Lewis H. Lockwood (born December 16, 1930) is an American musicologist whose main fields are the music of the
Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( ) was a period in History of Italy, Italian history between the 14th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Western Europe and marked t ...
and the life and work of
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...
. Joseph Kerman described him as "a leading musical scholar of the postwar generation, and the leading American authority on Beethoven".


Early life and education

Born in
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
in December 1930, Lockwood attended the High School of Music and Art. He then did his undergraduate work at
Queens College Queens College (QC) is a public college in the New York City borough of Queens. Part of the City University of New York system, Queens College occupies an campus primarily located in Flushing. Queens College was established in 1937 and offe ...
, where his main advisor was the well-known Renaissance scholar,
Edward Lowinsky Edward Elias Lowinsky (January 12, 1908 – October 11, 1985) was an American musicologist. Lowinsky was one of the most prominent and influential musicologists in post-World War II America. His 1946 work on the "secret chromatic art" of Renaiss ...
. He went on to do graduate work at
Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial ...
in the early 1950s with
Oliver Strunk William Oliver Strunk (March 22, 1901 – February 24, 1980) was an American musicologist. Charles Rosen called him one of the most influential American musicologists of the 1930s to the 1960s.Rosen, Charles. "The Discipline of Philology: Oliver S ...
,
Arthur Mendel Arthur Mendel (June 6, 1905 – October 14, 1979) was an American musicologist, known as a Bach scholar. He was born in Boston and died in Newark, New Jersey. Education He graduated from Harvard University in 1925 before going to study with N ...
, and Nino Pirrotta. After a
Fulbright scholarship The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States cultural exchange programs with the goal of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people ...
to Italy in 1955–56, he took the Ph.D. in musicology at Princeton with a dissertation on the 16th-century Italian composer,
Vincenzo Ruffo Vincenzo Ruffo (c. 1508 – 9 February 1587) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance. He was one of the composers most responsive to the musical reforms suggested by the Council of Trent, especially in his composition of masses, and as suc ...
, whose sacred music shows the direct influence of the aesthetic of the
Counter-Reformation The Counter-Reformation (), also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to or from similar insights as, the Protestant Reformations at the time. It w ...
. Lockwood was trained as a
cellist The violoncello ( , ), commonly abbreviated as cello ( ), is a middle pitched bowed (sometimes pizzicato, plucked and occasionally col legno, hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually intonation (music), tuned i ...
, studying first with Albin Antosch and later with Lucien Laporte of the Paganini Quartet. and he is still active in chamber music.


Work

After serving in the
U.S. Army The United States Army (USA) is the primary land service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution.Article II, section 2, clause 1 of the United Stat ...
in 1956–58, where he played as cellist in the Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra, Lockwood taught at Princeton University from 1958 to 1980, and at
Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
from 1980 to 2002.Paula Morgan,
Lewis Lockwood
.
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-language '' Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', it is one of the largest reference works on the history and t ...
, online.
After his retirement from Harvard in 2002, he was given an honorary appointment at
Boston University Boston University (BU) is a Private university, private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. BU was founded in 1839 by a group of Boston Methodism, Methodists with its original campus in Newbury (town), Vermont, Newbur ...
and is presently co-director of the Boston University Center for Beethoven Research.Press Release,
Lewis Lockwood to join the BU Faculty
October 10, 2011"
He edited the ''
Journal of the American Musicological Society The ''Journal of the American Musicological Society'' is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal and an official journal of the American Musicological Society. It is published by University of California Press and covers all aspects of musicol ...
'' from 1964 to 1967 and was president of the
American Musicological Society The American Musicological Society (AMS) is a musicological organization which researches, promotes and produces publications on music. Founded in 1934, the AMS was begun by leading American musicologists of the time, and was crucial in legiti ...
from 1987 to 1988. Lockwood's work in Italian music history focused first on issues of style and genre, including redefinition of the familiar term "
Parody mass A parody mass is a musical setting of the mass, typically from the 16th century, that uses multiple voices of a pre-existing piece of music, such as a fragment of a motet or a secular ''chanson'', as part of its melodic material. It is distinguis ...
" and related subjects. In later years he turned to the study of a single major musical center of the Renaissance, fifteenth-century
Ferrara Ferrara (; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main ...
, and carried out extensive archival research which resulted in his major book, ''Music in Renaissance Ferrara, 1400-1505''(1984). This is a comprehensive study of the music, musicians, and patronage by which the Este dynasty built their court into an important center. In his later work, on Beethoven, Lockwood is known for manuscript research, especially on Beethoven's sketchbooks and autographs, but also wider frameworks of study His earliest Beethoven research was on the composing score of the Cello Sonata Op. 69, first movement, a rare and remarkable example of Beethoven's radical transformation of a movement at a late stage of composition. There followed other similar studies focused on sources. His biography, entitled ''Beethoven: The Music and the Life'' (Norton, 2003), was a finalist for a
Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prizes () are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York City for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters". They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fo ...
in biography. Thereafter he published a book on the string quartets with the
Juilliard String Quartet The Juilliard String Quartet (JSQ) is a classical music string quartet founded in 1946 at the Juilliard School in New York by William Schuman and Robert Mann. Since its inception, it has been the quartet-in-residence at the Juilliard School. ...
members as co-authors, entitled ''Inside Beethoven's Quartets'' (2008). In 2013, in collaboration with Alan Gosman, he completed seven years of work on the first critical edition of one of the largest and most revealing of the many surviving Beethoven sketchbooks. The publication, ''Beethoven's "Eroica" Sketchbook,'' was issued by the University of Illinois Press in that year. Then followed his book, ''Beethoven's Symphonies: An Artistic Vision'' (Norton, 2015) and a critical survey of the broad field of Beethoven biography, from the 1830s to the present, entitled ''Beethoven's Lives'' (2020). Most recently his essay on the Beethoven manuscripts in the library of the Juilliard School in New York appeared in a volume describing all the music manuscripts at Juilliard, edited by Jane Gottlieb (2023). The collection includes Beeethoven's annotated copy of the Ninth Symphony and both sketches and the full-score autograph manuscript of the Scherzo of the String Quartet in Eb Major, Op. 127. He has also published articles in ''The New York Review of Books.''


Awards and distinctions

In 1984, Lockwood was elected to membership in the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...
, and in 2013 to the
American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publicat ...
. A ''
festschrift In academia, a ''Festschrift'' (; plural, ''Festschriften'' ) is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during their lifetime. It generally takes the form of an edited volume, containing contributions from the h ...
'' in his honor was published in 1996. The Lewis Lockwood Award of the
American Musicological Society The American Musicological Society (AMS) is a musicological organization which researches, promotes and produces publications on music. Founded in 1934, the AMS was begun by leading American musicologists of the time, and was crucial in legiti ...
, awarded annually to an exceptional book by a musicologist within ten years of his or her Ph.D., is named in his honor.Lewis Lockwood Award
,
American Musicological Society The American Musicological Society (AMS) is a musicological organization which researches, promotes and produces publications on music. Founded in 1934, the AMS was begun by leading American musicologists of the time, and was crucial in legiti ...
, retrieved 2010-04-28.
In 2018 he was elected an Honorary Member of the Beethoven-Haus Verein in
Bonn Bonn () is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine. With a population exceeding 300,000, it lies about south-southeast of Cologne, in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region. This ...
. In the same year he was, with
Margaret Bent Margaret Bent CBE , (born Margaret Hilda Bassington; 23 December 1940) is an English musicologist who specialises in music of the late medieval and Renaissance eras. In particular, she has written extensively on the Old Hall Manuscript, Engli ...
, the co-winner of the Guido Adler Prize for his contributions to the field of musicology.


Selected publications

* ''Beethoven's Lives'': The Biographical Tradition (Woodbridge:The Boydell Press, 2020) * ''Beethoven's Symphonies: An Artistic Vision'' (New York: W.W. Norton, 2015) * ''Beethoven's "Eroica" Sketchbook: A Critical Edition: Transcription, Facsimile, Commentary;'' co-authored with Alan Gosman, 2 vols. (University of Illinois Press, 2013) * ''Inside Beethoven's Quartets: History, Performance, Interpretation,'' co-authored with the Juilliard String Quartet (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008) * ''Beethoven: The Music and the Life'' (New York: W.W. Norton, 2003; paperback 2005); finalist for a Pulitzer Prize in biography; translated into eight languages * ''Beethoven: Studies in the Creative Process'' (Harvard University Press, 1992) * ''Music in Renaissance Ferrara, 1400-1505'' (Oxford University Press, 1984; revised reprint Oxford University Press, 2008) * ''The Counter-Reformation and the Masses of Vincenzo Ruffo'' (Venice: Fondazione Giorgio Cini, 1970) In addition, Lockwood is the author of many articles and other publications in both Renaissance and Beethoven studies, and was the founder of the yearbook ''Beethoven Forum.'' A list of his articles and books is included in ''The New Beethoven'' (Woodbridge:
The Boydell Press Boydell & Brewer is an academic press based in Martlesham, Suffolk, England, that specializes in publishing historical and critical works. In addition to British and general history, the company publishes three series devoted to studies, editio ...
), ed. by Jeremy Yudkin (2020), xv-xix. A redent article on the Beethoven manuscripts in the Juilliard School Library in New York City, appeared in "Juilliard School Library: Music Manuscripts & Other Treasures by and for Performers", ed. by Jane Gottlieb and Richard Griscom (Scala Publishers, New York, 2024),51-69.


Personal life

Lockwood was married to Doris Hoffmann Lockwood from 1953 until her untimely death in 1992, and they had two children, Daniel Lockwood and Alison Lockwood Cronson. His two grandchildren are Rachel Cronson and Jeremy Cronson. In 1997, he married Ava Bry Penman.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lockwood, Lewis 1930 births Living people Princeton University faculty Harvard University faculty American musicologists Beethoven scholars Educators from New York City Queens College, City University of New York alumni Princeton University alumni Members of the American Philosophical Society Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Josquin scholars Palestrina scholars Scholars of Renaissance music