The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of
receptors possessing extracellular
immunoglobulin domains.
They are also known as
CD85
The term "CD85" was originally used to refer to LILR1 which is now known as LILRB1, CD85j; however, there are a number of CD85 genes:
{{cite book , last = Carrington , first = M , authorlink = , author2=Norman, P , title = The KIR Gene Clust ...
, ILTs and LIR, and can exert immunomodulatory effects on a wide range of immune cells.
[Damian Brown, Rachel L Allen, & John Trowsdale. The LILR family: modulators of innate and adaptive immune pathways in health and disease. Tissue Antigens (2004) 64:215 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00290.x/pdf] The human genes encoding these receptors are found in a
gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4.
They include
*
LILRA1
*
LILRA2
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (LILRA2, CD85H, ILT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LILRA2'' gene.
Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LIRs) are a family of immunoreceptors expressed predominantly on monocyt ...
*
LILRA3
*
LILRA4
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LILRA4'' gene.
This gene encodes an immunoglobulin-like cell surface protein preferentially expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC ...
*
LILRA5
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 5 (LILR-A5) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member F (CD85f), immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT-7), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 9 (LIR-9) is a protein that in huma ...
*
LILRA6
*
LILRB1
*
LILRB2
*
LILRB3
*
LILRB4
*
LILRB5
* LILRB6 or
LILRA6
* LILRB7 or
LILRA5
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 5 (LILR-A5) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member F (CD85f), immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT-7), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 9 (LIR-9) is a protein that in huma ...
A subset of LILR recognise
MHC class I
MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates. They also occur on ...
(also known as
HLA class I in humans). The LILR family is a cluster of
paired receptors with both activating and inhibitory functions.
Of these, the inhibitory receptors
LILRB1 and
LILRB2 show a broad specificity for classical and non-classical MHC alleles with preferential binding to
b2m-associated complexes. In contrast, the activating receptors LILRA1 and
LILRA3 prefer b2m-independent free heavy chains of MHC class I, and in particular
HLA-C
HLA-C belongs to the MHC (human = HLA) class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene product and β2-microglobulin. The mature C chain is anchored in the membrane. MHC Class I molecules, like HLA ...
alleles.
See also
*
LAIR1
*
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
References
Immunoglobulin superfamily
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