Leuciscinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

of freshwater

ray-finned fishes Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class (biology), class of Osteichthyes, bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built ...

belonging to the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Leuciscidae Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnow ...

, which includes the fishes known as daces, chubs, shiners and minnows. The fishes in this subfamily are mainly found in Eurasia, with one genus (''

Notemigonus The golden shiner (''Notemigonus crysoleucas'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. This fish occurs in Eastern North America. It is the sole member of its genus. Commonly used as a bait fish, it is pro ...

'') in North America.

Genera

Leuciscinae contains the following genera: * ''

Abramis The common bream (''Abramis brama''), also known as the freshwater bream, bream, bronze bream, carp bream or sweaty bream, is a European species of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae. It is now considered to be the only species in the ...

Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...

, 1816 (Common bream) * ''

Acanthobrama ''Acanthobrama'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae found mostly in the Near East The Near East () is a transcontinental region around the Eastern Mediterranean encompassing the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, An ...

'' Heckel 1843 (Bleaks) * ''

Achondrostoma ''Achondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae, the daces and minnows. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. The genus was erected in 2007 for three fish separated from genus '' Chondrostoma'' on the basis of genetic ...

'' Robalo,

Almada Almada () is a city and a municipality in Portugal, located on the southern margin of the Tagus River, on the opposite side of the river from Lisbon. The two cities are connected by the 25 de Abril Bridge. The population of the municipality in 20 ...

Levy Levy, Lévy or Levies may refer to: People * Levy (surname), people with the surname Levy or Lévy * Levy Adcock (born 1988), American football player * Levy Barent Cohen (1747–1808), Dutch-born British financier and community worker * Levy ...

& Doadrio, 2007 * ''

Alburnoides ''Alburnoides'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae. The fishes in this genus are found in Europe and Asia. Many species are known as riffle minnows or spirlins. Species These are the currently recogni ...

'' Jeitteles, 1861 (Riffle minnows) * ''

Alburnus ''Alburnus'' is a genus of fish in the family Leuciscidae, the daces and minnows. They are known commonly as bleaks. A group of species in the genus is known as shemayas. The genus occurs in the western Palearctic realm, and the center of diversi ...

'' Rafinesque, 1820 (Bleaks) * ''

Anaecypris ''Anaecypris'', the Spanish minnowcarps is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the family which includes the daces, bleaks and minnows. The fishes in this genus are found in the Iberian Peninsula and North A ...

'' Collares-Pereira, 1983 (Spanish minnowcarp) * ''

Aspiolucius ''Aspiolucius'' is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. The only species in the genus is ''Aspiolucius esocinus'', the pike asp, This species is found in Central Asia in rivers such as the Amu Da ...

Berg Berg may refer to: People *Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * General Berg (disambiguation) * Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor * Berg (footballer, born 1963), Ninimbergue dos Santos Guerra, Brazilian footba ...

, 1907 (pike-asp) * ''

Ballerus ''Ballerus'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae. These fishes are found in Europe and Asia. Species ''Ballerus'' contains the following species: * '' Ballerus ballerus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Zope) * '' ...

'' Heckel, 1843 (breams) * ''

Blicca ''Blicca'' is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. The only species in the genus is ''Blicca bjoerkna'', the white bream or silver bream. This species is found in Europe and Western Asia. Distr ...

'' Heckel, 1843 (Silver bream) * ''

Capoetobrama ''Capoetobrama'' is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. The only species in the genus is ''Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi'', the sharpray, a species of freshwater fish that is found in Central Asi ...

'' Berg, 1916 (Sharpray) * ''

Chondrostoma ' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particu ...

Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he recei ...

, 1832 (Typical nases) * ''

Delminichthys ''Delminichthys'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae. The fishes in this genus are found in the karst region of the Balkans, Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European conti ...

'' Freyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra &

Ludwig Ludwig may refer to: People and fictional characters * Ludwig (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Ludwig (surname), including a list of people * Ludwig von Koopa, a character in Mario (the game) Arts and entertai ...

, 2006 * ''

Egirdira ''Egirdira'' is a monospecific genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Leuciscinae of the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. Its only species is ''Egirdira nigra'', or the yag baligi. ...

'' Freyhof, 2022 * ''

Iberochondrostoma ''Iberochondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Leuciscidae. The fishes in this genus are Endemism, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Species ''Iberochondrostoma'' contain ...

'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 * ''

Ladigesocypris ''Ladigesocypris'' is a small genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae.The fishes in this genus are found in Anatolia and on the island of Rhodes Rhodes (; ) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece ...

'' M. S. Karaman 1972 * '' Leucalburnus'' Berg, 1916 * '' Leucaspius'' Heckel & Kner, 1857 (Moderlieschen) * ''

Leuciscus ''Leuciscus'' is a genus of freshwater and brackish water ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. They are inland water fishes commonly called Eurasian daces. Th ...

'' Cuvier, 1816 (Eurasian dace) * ''

Leucos ''Leucos'' is a genus of fishes in the family Leuciscidae, from Southern Europe. They are a taxon which is closely related to the genus ''Rutilus ''Rutilus'', commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to ...

'' Heckel, 1843 * '' Mirogrex''

Goren Goren () is a moshav in northern Israel. Located in the Western Galilee near Ma'alot-Tarshiha, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council. In it had a population of . History The moshav was established in 1950 by immigra ...

, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973 * ''

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; 22 October 178318 September 1840) was a French early 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ult ...

, 1819 (Golden shiner) * ''

Pachychilon ''Pachychilon'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. The fishes in this genus are found in Europe. Species ''Pachychilon'' contains the fol ...

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...

, 1882 * ''

Parachondrostoma ''Parachondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. This species in this genus are found mostly in Spain with one species entering Fran ...

'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 * ''

Pelasgus In Greek mythology, Pelasgus (, ''Pelasgós'' means "ancient") was the eponymous ancestor of the Pelasgians, the mythical inhabitants of Greece who established the worship of the Dodonaean Zeus, Hephaestus, the Cabeiri, and other divinities. In the ...

'' Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007 * ''

Pelecus ''Pelecus'' is a monospecific genus of freshwater and brackish water ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. The only species in the genus is ''Pelecus cultratus'', co ...

'' Agassiz, 1835 (Sabre carp) * ''

Petroleuciscus ''Petroleuciscus'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. It was usually included in ''Leuciscus'' until recently. This genus unites the Ponto- ...

'' Bogutskaya, 2002 (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces) * ''

Phoxinellus ''Phoxinellus'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. These fishes are found in the Balkans. Taxonomy ''Phoxinellus'' was first used as agen ...

'' Heckel, 1843 * ''

Protochondrostoma The South European nase (''Protochondrostoma genei'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. It is the only species in the monospecific genus ...

'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 * ''

Pseudochondrostoma ''Pseudochondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. The fishes in this genus occur in the Iberian Peninsula. They are commonly known ...

'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007 * ''

Pseudophoxinus ''Pseudophoxinus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Leuciscinae of the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. These fishes are found in Western Asia. Species ''Pseudophoxinus ...

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Rutilus ''Rutilus'', commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of leuciscids and r ...

'' Rafinesque, 1820 (Katum, pearlfish and roach) * ''

Sarmarutilus ''Sarmarutilus'' is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. The only species in this genus is ''Sarmarutilus rubilio'', known as the r ...

Bianco Bianco is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria, in the Italian region of Calabria. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman ho ...

& Ketmaier, 2014 (South European roach) * ''

Scardinius ''Scardinius'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. The fishes in this genus are commonly called rudds. Locally, the name "rudd" without ...

'' Bonaparte, 1837 (Rudd) * ''

Squalius ''Squalius'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family (biology), family Leuciscidae, the daces, Eurasian minnows and reklated fishes. The fishies in this genus are found in Europe and Asia. Hybrid (biology), Hybridization ...

'' Bonaparte, 1837 (European chubs) * ''

Telestes ''Telestes'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. Many of the species in this genus were formerly usually included in ''Leuciscus''. Sp ...

'' Bonaparte, 1840 * ''

Tropidophoxinellus ''Tropidophoxinellus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. There are currently four described species, these fishes are found in Greece and North Afri ...

'' Stephanidis, 1974 * '' Turcichondrostoma''

Turan Turan (; ; , , ) is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical region, or a culture. The original Turanians were an Iranian tribe of th ...

, Küçük, Güçlü & Aksu 2021 * ''

Vimba ''Vimba'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. Ths fishes in this genus are found in Europe and western Asia. ''Vimba'' are found in bra ...

'' Fitzinger, 1873 Palaeoleuciscus oeningensis

The extinct genus †'' Palaeoleuciscus'' Obrhelová, 1969 is known from the

Early Miocene The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), Epoch made up of two faunal stage, stages: the Aquitanian age, Aquitanian and Burdigalian stages. The sub-epoch lasted from 23.03 ± 0.05 annum, Ma to ...

of Europe. A well-preserved fossil specimen of an indeterminate leuciscine is known from the

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58Chotanagpur Plateau of India, suggesting that leuciscines also inhabited India during this time.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q48694 Leuciscidae Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte Fish subfamilies