Lester Reynold Dragstedt (2 October 1893 – 16 July 1975) was an American surgeon who was the first to successfully separate

conjoined twins Conjoined twins, popularly referred to as Siamese twins, are twins joined '' in utero''. It is a very rare phenomenon, estimated to occur in anywhere between one in 50,000 births to one in 200,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in south ...

. He was considered nationally known, and a leading authority on ulcers and gastroneuro surgery.

Early life and education

Lester Reynold Dragstedt was born in Anaconda, Montana to Swedish emigrant parents. His younger brother, Carl Albert, also became a doctor and surgeon. In his youth, his father encouraged him to memorize poetry including Bible passages and fragments of famous speeches. He was valedictorian of his high school and was offered a scholarship to schools including the

University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or UChi) is a Private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Its main campus is in the Hyde Park, Chicago, Hyde Park neighborhood on Chicago's South Side, Chic ...

. Swedish physiologist Anton Julius Carlson was a long-time friend of the Dragstedts who was the local Lutheran minister but started teaching physiology at the University of Chicago and encouraged the Dragstedts to "send the boy to Chicago. They will found out in three months if he has any brains, and if he does not, you can bring him back to Anaconda and put him to work in the copper smelter". In the beginning, Dragstedt thought of becoming a physicist after hearing lectures by

Robert Andrews Millikan Robert Andrews Millikan ( ; March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923 "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect". Millikan gradua ...

but was later influenced by physicians

Ivan Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (, ; 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov also conducted significant research on ...

and Michel Latarjet. However, he was especially influenced by A. J. Carlson, whom he would consider a mentor and advisor throughout his career, and Dragstedt pursued his studies of physiology. Dragstedt became a talented operating surgeon after practicing with animals and was attracted to surgery but he felt physiology had "greater promise for innovative accomplishments". He primarily studied at the University of Chicago, where he received his

Bachelor of Science A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, B.S., B.Sc., SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree that is awarded for programs that generally last three to five years. The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Scienc ...

degree in 1915, Masters of Physiology in 1916, Ph.D of Physiology in 1920 and finally

Doctor of Medicine A Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated MD, from the Latin language, Latin ) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the ''MD'' denotes a professional degree of ph ...

the following year. In 1918, he met Gladys Shoesmith, a student at Iowa and later married her in 1922. In 1916, he started as a physiologist and instructor of pharmacology at

University of Iowa The University of Iowa (U of I, UIowa, or Iowa) is a public university, public research university in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized int ...

before returning in 1919, after serving in the military during

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. While at University of Chicago, he briefly worked as a teacher at

Northwestern University Northwestern University (NU) is a Private university, private research university in Evanston, Illinois, United States. Established in 1851 to serve the historic Northwest Territory, it is the oldest University charter, chartered university in ...

in 1923. In 1925, as a

Rockefeller Fellow The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The foundation was created by Standard Oil magnate John D. Rockefeller ("Seni ...

, Dragstedt traveled abroad where his daughter Charlotte was born; his travels included to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

to study at Fritz de Quervain's clinic and

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

with Anton Eiselsberg and at

Vienna General Hospital The Vienna General Hospital (), usually abbreviated to AKH, is the general hospital in Vienna, Austria. It is also the city's university hospital, and the site of the Medical University of Vienna. It is Europe's fifth largest hospital, b ...

with

Jakob Erdheim Jakob Erdheim (24 May 1874, Boryslav, Galicia – 18 April 1937, Vienna) was an Austrian pathologist.Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

with Eugen Pólya and at St. Rochus Hospital with Hümer Hültl. He paid each teacher $150 a month and returned to the United States where he was recruited in 1926 by Dallas B. Phemister to help design new research facilities for University of Chicago. After this, he was promoted to associate professor of surgery, eventually replacing Phemister as chair in 1947 and holding this position until his retirement in 1959 when he became professor emeritus.

Military training and health issues

In a 1971 letter, Dragstedt spoke of his time in the military, saying he went to

Washington, D. C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...

after leaving Iowa to study

typhoid vaccine Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). Dep ...

s at

Army Medical School The Army Medical School (AMS) was founded by U.S. Army Brigadier General George Miller Sternberg. According to some, it was the world's first school of public health and preventive medicine. (The other institution vying for this distinction is ...

with

Edward Bright Vedder Edward Bright Vedder (June 28, 1878 – January 30, 1952) was a United States Army, U.S. Army physician, a noted researcher on deficiency diseases, and a medical educator. He studied beriberi, a deficiency disease affecting the peripheral ner ...

. After growing tired of his activities, he transferred to

Fort Leavenworth Fort Leavenworth () is a United States Army installation located in Leavenworth County, Kansas, in the city of Leavenworth, Kansas, Leavenworth. Built in 1827, it is the second oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C., an ...

and subsequently to

Yale Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and one of the nine colonial colleges ch ...

with Milton Winternitz and then Camp Merritt which he called "my best experience in the Army" as he would perform autopsies from morning to night for about eight months. However, he contracted

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can al ...

and spent nine months at a tuberculosis sanatorium in

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

and later had a urinary tract examination. Surgeon Herman Kretschmer found that Dragstedt had a unilateral tuberculosis kidney which required a

nephrectomy A nephrectomy is the surgical removal of a kidney, performed to treat a number of kidney diseases including kidney cancer. It is also done to remove a normal healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor, which is part of a kidney transplant pro ...

and Kretschmer and Dragstedt's brother Carl performed the surgery. In 1927, Dragstedt also survived a severe bout of

typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella enterica'' serotype Typhi bacteria, also called ''Salmonella'' Typhi. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often th ...

which caused him to lose . He was also hard of hearing throughout his life.

Career

In 1936, he was one of three doctors from the University of Chicago's Department of Bacteriology, Surgery and Medicine who discovered a new germ, the apparent cause of

ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the other type being Crohn's disease. It is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. The primary sympto ...

. He was particularly recognized for his contributions to the treatment of the

pancreas The pancreas (plural pancreases, or pancreata) is an Organ (anatomy), organ of the Digestion, digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity, abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a ...

, parathyroids and diseases of the

stomach The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of Human, humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The Ancient Greek name for the stomach is ''gaster'' which is used as ''gastric'' in medical t ...

. He originated the skin-grafted

ileostomy Ileostomy is a stoma (medicine), stoma (surgical opening) constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin, or the surgical procedure which creates this opening. Intestinal waste passes ou ...

in the treatment of

. He developed a new surgical procedure (surgical

vagotomy A vagotomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing part of the vagus nerve. It is performed in the abdomen. Types A plain vagotomy eliminates afferent and parasympathetic innervation of the stomach and the left side of the transverse colo ...

) for

duodenal ulcer Peptic ulcer disease is when the inner part of the stomach's gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus, gets damaged. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while ...

s (resulting from

peptic ulcer disease Peptic ulcer disease is when the inner part of the stomach's gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus, gets damaged. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while ...

). He was a well-respected surgeon, renowned for his work on

gastric The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The Ancient Greek name for the stomach is ''gaster'' which is used as ''gastric'' in medical terms re ...

and duodenal ulcers and his work was documented in over 360 articles published in several medical journals. In 1950, he and his team at the University of Chicago discovered a new organ in the stomach, the antrum, which may play an important role in causing ulcers. The gastrin and stomach's secretions stimulate the flow of gastric juices and cause the stomach "digest" itself, causing the ulcers. The team discovered this while working with dogs and published their findings in the

Society for Experimental Biology The Society for Experimental Biology is a learned society for animal, cell and plant biologists. It was founded in 1923 at Birkbeck College to "promote the art and science of experimental biology in all its branches". It aims to demonstrate the im ...

. They found that removal of the antrum noticeably reduced the flow of gastric juices. That same year, while at the University of Chicago, Dragstedt managed a program where music was mixed with

anesthesia Anesthesia (American English) or anaesthesia (British English) is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical or veterinary purposes. It may include some or all of analgesia (relief from or prev ...

to help calm patients. He considered his vagotomy surgical technique "the most important contribution of his career". In a 1971 news interview, he revealed that he always believed "knowledge was the most important legacy one generation could bequeath to the next", and when he once asked his classmates how long

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to Planetary habitability, harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all ...

would remain inhabitable and they responded two billion years, he chose teaching as his profession. Following his Chicago retirement, he moved to Florida where he became a full-time physiology and research professor at

University of Florida College of Medicine The University of Florida College of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Florida. It is part of the J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center, with facilities in Gainesville and Jacksonville, Florida. The school grants Doctor ...

until his death of a

heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when Ischemia, blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. The most common symptom ...

in 1975 at his lake house near

Elk Lake, Michigan Elk Lake is located in Antrim County, Michigan, Antrim and Grand Traverse County, Grand Traverse counties in Northern Michigan. The lake is about a wide and long, and is centered at near the town of Elk Rapids, Michigan, Elk Rapids. It has ma ...

. He was also a president of National Society for Medical Research. From 1964 to 1965, he was also a visiting professor at Marquette University Medical School (now

Medical College of Wisconsin The Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) is a private medical school, pharmacy school, and graduate school of sciences in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The school was established in 1893 and is the largest research center in eastern Wisconsi ...

Legacy

Since 1977, the UF College of Medicine Department of Surgery have held annual ''Lester R. Dragstedt'' Symposiums, named in his honour. The award "Lester R. Dragstedt Physician Scientist Award" was also named for him.

Honors and distinctions

Degrees * 1915 B.S., University of Chicago * 1916 M.S., University of Chicago * 1920 Ph.D., University of Chicago * 1921 M.D.,

Rush Medical College Rush Medical College is the medical school of Rush University, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Established in 1837, it is affiliated with Rush University Medical Center, and John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County. ...

, Chicago Honorary Degrees * 1953 Doctor Honoris Causa,

University of Guadalajara The University of Guadalajara () is a public university, public research university located in Guadalajara, Mexico. It was originally established in 1586 and officially founded on 12 February 1791 as the Royal and Pontifical University of Gu ...

, Mexico * 1959 Docteur Honoris Causa, University of Lyons, France * 1969 Sc.D.,

University of Florida The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public university, public land-grant university, land-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida and a preem ...

, Gainesville * 1973 Doctor Honoris Causa,

University of Uppsala Uppsala University (UU) () is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. Initially founded in the 15th century, the university rose to s ...

, Uppsala, Sweden

Career

University Appointments * 1916 Assistant, Department of Physiology, University of Chicago * 1916–1917 Instructor, Pharmacology,

State University of Iowa The University of Iowa (U of I, UIowa, or Iowa) is a public research university in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized into 12 colleges offer ...

* 1917–1919 Assistant Professor of Physiology, State University of Iowa * 1920–1923 Assistant Professor of Physiology, University of Chicago * 1923–1925 Professor and Head, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University * 1925–1930 Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago * 1930–1948 Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago * 1948–1959 Thomas D. Jones Distinguished Service Professor of Surgery and Chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago * 1959–1975 Research Professor of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville

Membership of organizations and societies

American Organizations and Societies *

National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the ...

Phi Beta Kappa The Phi Beta Kappa Society () is the oldest academic honor society in the United States. It was founded in 1776 at the College of William & Mary in Virginia. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences, ...

Sigma Xi Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society () is an international non-profit honor society for scientists and engineers. Sigma Xi was founded at Cornell University by a faculty member and graduate students in 1886 and is one of the oldest ...

Alpha Omega Alpha Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society () is an honor society in the field of medicine. It has active chapters in 132 Liaison Committee on Medical Education, LCME-accredited medical schools in the United States and Lebanon. It annually elects ove ...

American Association for the Advancement of Science The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is a United States–based international nonprofit with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsib ...

American Physiological Society The American Physiological Society is a non-profit professional society for physiologists. It has nearly 10,000 members, most of whom hold doctoral degrees in medicine, physiology, or other health professions. Its mission is to support research ...

* Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine *

American Surgical Association The American Surgical Association is the oldest surgical organization in the United States. History It was founded in 1880. Their publication, ''Annals of Surgery'', was started in 1885. A collection of the association's papers are held at the Na ...

* American Society for Clinical Surgery *

American Gastroenterological Association The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) is a medical association of gastroenterologists. Approximately 16,000 scientists and physicians are members of the organization. Overview The American Gastroenterological Association is a prof ...

American College of Physicians The American College of Physicians (ACP) is a Philadelphia-based national organization of internal medicine physicians, who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of adults. With 161,000 members, ACP is the largest medical-specialty or ...

American College of Surgeons The American College of Surgeons (ACS) is a professional medical association for surgeons and surgical team members, founded in 1913. It claims more than 90,000 members in 144 countries. History The ACS was founded in 1913 as an outgrowth of ...

American Medical Association The American Medical Association (AMA) is an American professional association and lobbying group of physicians and medical students. This medical association was founded in 1847 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Membership was 271,660 ...

* Central Surgical Society * Institute of Medicine of Chicago *

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...

* Honorary Member of the Surgical Societies of Seattle, Los Angeles, Detroit, Minneapolis, Southern California, Graduate Surgeons of Los Angeles, and Boston Honorary Memberships in Foreign Organizations and Societies * Surgical Society of Lyons * Surgical Society of Paris * Swedish Surgical Society * Argentine Society of Gastroenterology * Fellow of the

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada () is a regulatory college which acts as a national, nonprofit organization established in 1929 by a special Act of Parliament to oversee the medical education of specialists in Canada. The ...

* Fellow of the

Royal College of Surgeons of England The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgery, surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wa ...

* National Academy of Medicine of Mexico * Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of Uppsala, Sweden (Foreign Corresponding Member) * Academy of Surgery of France * Association of Mexican Gastroenterologists

Honors and awards

American Honors and Awards * 1945 Silver Medal of the

for original investigation * 1946 Gold Medal of the Illinois State Medical Society for original investigation * 1950 Gold Medal of the American Medical Association for original investigation * 1961 Samuel D. Gross Prize of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery * 1963 Distinguished Service Award of the American Medical Association for research, teaching, and surgical practice * 1964 Julius Friedenwald Medal of the

for "Outstanding Achievement in Gastroenterology" * 1964 Golden Plate from the

Academy of Achievement The American Academy of Achievement, colloquially known as the Academy of Achievement, is a nonprofit educational organization that recognizes some of the highest-achieving people in diverse fields and gives them the opportunity to meet one ano ...

* 1964 Henry Jacob Bigelow Medal of the Boston Surgical Society for "Contributions to the Advancement of Surgery" * 1965 Annual Award of the Gastrointestinal Research Foundation * 1969 Distinguished Service Award (the first) and Gold Medal of the American Surgical Association Foreign Honors and Awards * 1953 Honorary Professor of Surgery at the

, Mexico * 1965 Gold Medal of the Surgical Society of Malmo, Sweden * 1967 Royal

Order of the North Star The Royal Order of the Polar Star (Swedish language, Swedish: ''Kungliga Nordstjärneorden''), sometimes translated as the Royal Order of the North Star, is a Swedish order of chivalry created by Frederick I of Sweden, King Frederick I on 23 F ...

of Sweden, bestowed by the King of Sweden, for "Outstanding Contributions to the Science of Surgery" * 1969 Silver Plaque of the Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition of Mexico City * 1969 Silver Plaque of the Association of Mexican Gastroenterologists

Selected bibliography

These are from the National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir. 1916 * With J. J. Moorhead and F. W. Burcky. ''The nature of the toxemia of intestinal obstruction. Preliminary report.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 14:17-19. 1917 * ''Contributions to the physiology of the stomach. XXXVIII. Gastric juice in duodenal and gastric ulcers.'' J. Am. Med. Assoc, 68:330-33. * With J. J. Moorhead and F. W. Burcky. ''An experimental study of the intoxication in closed intestinal loops.'' J. Exp. Med., 25:421-39. 1922 * ''The pathogenesis of parathyroid tetany.'' J. Am. Med. Assoc, 79: 1593-94. 1923 * ''The pathogenesis of parathyroid tetany.'' Am. J. Physiol., 63:408—9. * With S. C. Peacock. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. I. The control and cure of parathyroid tetany by diet.'' Am. J. Physiol., 64:424-34. * With S. C. Peacock. ''The influence of parathyroidectomy on gastric secretion.'' Am. J. Physiol., 64:499-502. * With K. Phillips and A. C. Sudan. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. II. The mechanism involved in recovery from parathyroid tetany.'' Am. J. Physiol., 65:368-78. 1924 * ''The resistance of various tissues to gastric digestion.'' Am. J. Physiol., 68:134. 1926 * With A. C. Sudan. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. V. The prevention and control of parathyroid tetany by calcium lactate.'' Am. J. Physiol., 77:296-306. * With A. C. Sudan. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. VII. The prevention and control of parathyroid tetany by the oral administration of kaolin.'' Am. J. Physiol., 77:314—20. 1927 * ''The physiology of the parathyroid glands.'' Physiol. Rev., 7:499-530. 1929 * With J. C. Ellis. ''Effect of liver autolysis in vivo. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.'', 26:304-5. * With J. C. Ellis. ''Fatal effect of total loss of gastric juice.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 26:305-7. 1930 * With J. C. Ellis. ''Liver autolysis in vivo. Arch. Surg.'', 20:8—16. * With M. L. Montgomery, W. B. Matthews, and J. C. Ellis. ''Fatal effect of the total loss of pancreatic juice.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 28:110-11. 1931 * With M. L. Montgomery, J. C. Ellis, and W. B. Matthews. ''The pathogenesis of acute dilatation of the stomach.'' Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 52:1075-86. 1932 * With W. L. Palmer. ''Direct observations on the mechanism of pain in duodenal ulcer.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 29:753-55. * With W. B. Matthews. ''The etiology of gastric and duodenal ulcer. Experimental Studies.'' Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 55:265—86. 1933 * ''Ulcus acidum of Meckel's diverticulum.'' J. Am. Med. Assoc, 101:20-22. 1934 * With H. E. Haymond and J. C. Ellis. ''Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (acute pancreatic necrosis).'' Arch. Surg., 28:232-91. 1936 * ''Acid ulcer.'' Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 62:118-20. * With J. Van Prohaska and H. P. Harms. ''Observations on a substance in pancreas (a fat metabolizing hormone) which permits survival and prevents liver changes in depancreatized dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 117:175-81. 1938 * ''Lipocaic. A new pancreas hormone.'' Northwest Med., 37:33-36. * With W. C. Goodpasture, C. Vermeulen, and P. B. Donovan. ''The Bromsulphalein liver function test as a method of assay of lipocaic.'' Am. J. Physiol., 124:642-46. 1939 * With C. D. Stewart, D. E. Clark, and S. W. Becker. ''The experimental use of lipocaic in the treatment of psoriasis. A preliminary report.'' J. Invest. Dermatol., 2:219-30. * With P. B. Donovan, D. E. Clark, W. C. Goodpasture, and C. Vermeulen. ''The relation of lipocaic to the blood and liver lipids of depancreatized dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 127:755-60. * With C. Vermeulen, W. C. Goodpasture, P. B. Donovan, and W. A. Geer. ''Lipocaic and fatty infiltration of the liver in pancreatic diabetes.'' Arch. Intern. Med., 64:1017-38. 1940 * With D. E. Clark, O. C. Julian, C. Vermeulen, and W. C. Goodpasture. ''Arteriosclerosis in pancreatic diabetes.'' Surgery, 8:353-61. 1942 * With C. Vermeulen, D. E. Clark, O. C. Julian, and J. G. Allen. ''Effect of the administration of lipocaic and cholesterol in rabbits.'' Arch. Surg., 44:260-67. 1943 * With F. M. Owens, Jr. ''Supra-diaphragmatic section of the vagus nerves in treatment of duodenal ulcer.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 53:152-54. 1945 * With T. F. Thornton, Jr. and E. H. Storer. ''Supra-diaphragmatic section of vagus nerves and gastric secretion in patients with peptic ulcer.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 59:140-41. * With D. E. Clark and M. L. Eilert. ''Lipotropic action of lipocaic. A study of the effects of lipocaic, methionine and cystine on dietary fatty livers in the white rat.'' Am. J. Physiol., 144:620-25. 1946 * With M. L. Eilert. ''Lipotropic action of lipocaic: A study of the effect of oral and parenteral lipocaic and oral inositol on the dietary fatty liver of the white rat.'' Am. J. Physiol., 147:346-51. 1948 * With E. R. Woodward, E. B. Tovee, H. A. Oberhelman, Jr., and W. B. Neal, Jr. ''A quantitative study of the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion in the dog.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 67:350-51. * With E. R. Woodward and R. R. Bigelow. ''Quantitative study of effect of antrum resection on gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 68:473-74. 1950 * With E. R. Woodward, W. B. Neal, Jr., P. V. Harper, Jr., and E. H. Storer. ''Secretory studies on the isolated stomach.'' Arch. Surg. 60:1-20. * With E. R. Woodward and R. R. Bigelow. ''Effect of resection of antrum of stomach on gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 162:99-109. 1951 * With H. A. Oberhelman, Jr. and C. A. Smith. ''Experimental gastrojejunal ulcers due to antrum hyperfunction.'' Arch. Surg., 63:298-302. 1952 * With J. M. Zubiran, A. E. Kark, J. A. Montalbetti, and C. J. L. Morel. ''Peptic ulcer and the adrenal stress syndrome.'' Arch. Surg., 65:809-15. 1953 * With S. O. Evans, Jr., J. M. Zubiran, J. D. McCarthy, H. Ragins, and E. R. Woodward. ''Stimulating effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 174:219-25. 1957 * With C. M. Baugh, J. Barcena, and J. Bravo. ''Studies on the site and mechanism of gastrin release.'' Surg. Forum, 7:356—60. * With C. F. Mountain, J. H. Landor, J. D. McCarthy, and P. V. Harper, Jr. ''The secretory effect of gastric transection.'' Surg. Forum, 7:375-79. * With J. Barcena, C. M. Baugh, J. L. Bravo, and C. F. Mountain. ''Effects of total pancreatectomy on gastric secretion.'' Surg. Forum, 7:380-82. 1962 * ''Section of the vagus nerves to the stomach in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.'' In: Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum, ed. H. N. Harkins and L. M. Nyhus, pp. 461–72. Boston: Little, Brown. 1963 * With E. R. Woodward, C. L. Park, Jr., and H. Schapiro. ''Significance of Meissner's plexus in the gastrin mechanism.'' Arch. Surg., 87:512-15. 1965 * With C. de la Rosa and E. R. Woodward. ''Localization of the gastrinproducing cell.'' Surg. Forum, 16:327-29. 1968 * With D. R. Kemp, F. Herrera-Fernandez, and E. R. Woodward. ''Meissner's plexus and the mechanism of vagal stimulation of gastric secretion.'' Gastroenterology, 55:76-80. 1971 * With J. R. N. Curt, J. Isaza, and E. R. Woodward. ''Potentiation between intestinal and gastric phases of acid secretion in Heidenhain pouches.'' Arch. Surg., 105:709-12. 1973 * With G. Wickbom, M. A. Kamal, and E. R. Woodward. ''Corrosive effects of digestive juices on legs of living frogs.'' Am. Surgeon, 39:571-81. 1974 * With G. Wickbom, F. L. Bushkin, and C. Linares. ''On the corrosive properties of bile and pancreatic juice on living tissue in dogs.'' Arch. Surg., 108:680-84. 1976 * With J. B. Weeks, G. C. Petridis, and E. R. Woodward. ''A simplified method for chemical induction of gastric hypersecretion.'' J. Surg. Res., 21:357-58.

References

External links

Ancestry.com records
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dragstedt, Lester Reynold 1893 births 1975 deaths American Surgical Association members University of Iowa faculty University of Chicago faculty Northwestern University faculty University of Florida faculty Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England Order of the Polar Star People from Anaconda, Montana Fellows of the American Gastroenterological Association 20th-century American surgeons