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Saint Petersburg Documentary Films Studio or ''Lendoc'' (russian: Лендок) is one of the largest
documentary film A documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional motion-picture intended to "document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education or maintaining a historical record". Bill Nichols has characterized the documentary in te ...
studios in Russia, founded in 1932 as “Leningrad Newsreel Studio”. The studio continued to work during the
Siege of Leningrad The siege of Leningrad (russian: links=no, translit=Blokada Leningrada, Блокада Ленинграда; german: links=no, Leningrader Blockade; ) was a prolonged military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the Soviet Union, So ...
and it produced the very first documentary about the siege “Leningrad In Fight" (Ленинград в борьбе). The films produced on Lendoc have received numerous awards on Soviet and International film festivals. Annual output through 1980-is included 40 documentaries, 9-10
newsreel A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, inform ...
s, stories for the “Daily News" (Новости дня) news program and up to 50 commercials. The studio was affected by the crisis caused by the
dissolution of the USSR The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
, however it managed to overcome it and produced over 100 documentaries since 2001.


History

Cinema industry was growing fast in
Imperial Russia The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. T ...
and documentaries were amongst the most popular genres: up to 70% of total films produced in the Russian Empire on the eve of
WWI World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
were documentaries. After the
Bolshevik revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...
,
Petrograd Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
movie theaters and studios were nationalised and put under the management of the newly organized Petrograd Kinokomitet cinema committee. Later, two studios were created -
Lenfilm Lenfilm (russian: link=no, Ленфильм) is a Russian production company with its own film studio located in Saint Petersburg (the city was called Leningrad from 1924 to 1991, thus the name). It is a corporation with its stakes shared betwe ...
and
Lennauchfilm Lennauchfilm (acronym of ''Leningrad studio popular science and educational films'') is a Soviet and Russian film studio founded in Leningrad. The current Lennauchfilm studio is one of the largest in the Russian Federation. Lennauchfilm is a fu ...
; in 1932 Lenfilm's (named Soyuzkino at the time) newsreel section was transformed into Leningrad Newsreel Studio. Members of the Studio were awarded with the “
Stalin prize Stalin Prize may refer to: * The State Stalin Prize in science and engineering and in arts, awarded 1941 to 1954, later known as the USSR State Prize * The Stalin Peace Prize, awarded 1949 to 1955, later known as the Lenin Peace Prize The Int ...
” for “Mannerheim Line" (Линия Маннергейма) documentary about
Winter War The Winter War,, sv, Vinterkriget, rus, Зи́мняя война́, r=Zimnyaya voyna. The names Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940 (russian: link=no, Сове́тско-финская война́ 1939–1940) and Soviet–Finland War 1 ...
. Leningrad Newsreel Studio continued to work during the Siege of Leningrad. At that time it employed several famous Soviet directors and сinematographers: Anatoliy Pogoreliy, Sergey Fomin, Yefim Uchitel, Vladimer Stradin, Nikolay Blazhkov, Evgeniy Shapiro. The studio produced over 120 films during that time. In 1942 the studio finished the first documentary about the Siege of Leningrad “Leningrad in Fight” (Ленинград в борьбе). In 1943 Valeriy Solovtsov, Anselm Bogorov, Anatoliy Pogorelov, Vladimir Stradin and Yefim Uchitel received the “Stalin prize” for the documentary. In 1946 the studio was moved to its current location - "house of Senator Polovtsov" on Kryukov Kanal. In 1966 Studio employees managed to illegally film the funeral of
Anna Akhmatova Anna Andreyevna Gorenko rus, А́нна Андре́евна Горе́нко, p=ˈanːə ɐnˈdrʲe(j)ɪvnə ɡɐˈrʲɛnkə, a=Anna Andreyevna Gorenko.ru.oga, links=yes; uk, А́нна Андрі́ївна Горе́нко, Ánna Andríyivn ...
, any recording of which was prohibited by Soviet authorities since she was considered an unofficial leader of the dissident movement. In 1970-s Lendoс filmed some documentaries outside of the USSR, for example, “These Restless Students” (Это беспокойное студенчество) (1974) was filmed in the US, France, West Germany, and the UK. Some films were rejected by the Communist
censorship Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments ...
and were premiered only after the
Perestroyka ''Perestroika'' (; russian: links=no, перестройка, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg) was a political movement for reform within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s widely associated wi ...
and dissolution of the USSR. They included
Alexander Sokurov Alexander Nikolayevich Sokurov, PAR (russian: link=no, Александр Николаевич Сокуров; born 14 June 1951) is a Russian filmmaker. His most significant works include a feature film, ''Russian Ark'' (2002), filmed in a s ...
's documentary “And nothing more” (И ничего больше) and Nikolay Obukhovich's “Our Mother is a Hero” (Наша мама - герой). In 1998 the first album of the rock band
Leningrad Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
was recorded in the studio. In 2013 the Lendoc creative space was opened on the studio grounds, housing a culture center, movie theater, cinema museum, and a movie school.


Lendoc today

Lendoс is cooperating with European and British studios and TV channels:
BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
,
Channel 4 Channel 4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television network operated by the state-owned enterprise, state-owned Channel Four Television Corporation. It began its transmission on 2 November 1982 and was established to provide a four ...
, Deutsche Welle,
ZDF ZDF (, short for Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen; ; "Second German Television") is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. It is run as an independent nonprofit institution, which was founded by all fe ...
,
Yle Yleisradio Oy ( Finnish, literally "General Radio Ltd." or "General Broadcast Ltd."; abbr. Yle ; sv, Rundradion Ab, italics=no), translated to English as the Finnish Broadcasting Company, is Finland's national public broadcasting company, foun ...
. In addition to the documentaries, it produces live-action movies, animation, commercials, and corporate videos.


List of the studio executives

List of the studio executives is composed in accordance with the records of Saint Petersburg Central State Cinema Archive * Iosif Veneaminovich Hmelnitskiy (1932-1938); * Vladimir Fyodorovich Orlov (1938); * Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Dalskiy (1938-1940); * G.S. Halipov (1940-1942); * Valeriy Mikhailovich Solovtsov (1944-1945, 1964-1969); * Nikolay Andrianovich Timofeev (1945-1947); * Yakov Usherovich Nusimovich (1947); * Andrey Rodionovich Polyakov (1947-1950, 1950-1952); * Boris Alekseevich Medvedev (1950-1951); * Viktor Nikolaevich Fatyanov (1952-1964); * Valeriy Nikolaevich Ryabinskiy (1969-1996); * Vladilen Ivanovich Kuzin (1971-1996); * Anatoliy Victorovich Nikiforov (1996-1998); * Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Telnov (1998-2007); * Alexey Nikolaevich Telnov (since 2007)


Notes

:1. In some sources the initials are S.G.


References

{{reflist Russian film studios Soviet film studios Film production companies of Russia Companies based in Saint Petersburg Russian brands