Leizu (), also known as Xi Ling-shi (, Wade–Giles Hsi Ling-shih), was a legendary
Chinese empress and wife of the
Yellow Emperor
The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch, or Huangdi ( zh, t=黃帝, s=黄帝, first=t) in Chinese, is a mythical Chinese sovereign and culture hero included among the legendary Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. He is revered as ...
. According to tradition, she discovered
sericulture, and invented the
silk
Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), c ...
loom, in the
27th century BC.
Myths
According to legend, Leizu discovered
silkworms while having an afternoon
tea, and a
cocoon fell in her
tea. It slowly unraveled and she was enchanted by it.
According to one account, a silkworm cocoon fell into her tea, and the heat unwrapped the silk until it stretched across her entire
garden
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is ''control''. The garden can incorporate bot ...
. When the silk ran out, she saw a small cocoon and realized that this cocoon was the source of the silk. Another version says that she found silkworms eating the
mulberry leaves and spinning cocoons. She collected some cocoons, then sat down to have some tea. While she was sipping a cup, she dropped a cocoon into the steaming
water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and Color of water, nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known liv ...
. A fine thread started to separate itself from the silkworm cocoon. Leizu found that she could unwind this soft and lovely thread around her finger.
She persuaded her husband to give her a grove of mulberry trees, where she could domesticate the worms that made these cocoons. She is attributed with inventing the silk reel, which joins fine filaments into a thread strong enough for weaving. She is also credited with inventing the first silk loom. It is not known how much, if any, of this story is true, but historians do know that China was the first civilization to use silk. Leizu shared the art of silk with all of China and even other countries later on.
She is a popular object of worship in modern China, with the title of 'Silkworm Mother' ().
Leizu had two known sons with the Yellow Emperor named
Shaohao and
Changyi, with the latter the father of
Zhuanxu. Zhuanxu's uncles and his father, the sons of Yellow Emperor, were bypassed and Zhuanxu was selected as heir.
References
Further reading
*Kuhn, Dieter (1984). "Tracing a Chinese Legend: In Search of the Identity of the 'First Sericulturalist.'" ''T'oung Pao'' 70: 213–45.
{{Authority control
Chinese folklore
Chinese empresses
Pre-Xia Chinese people
Silk
Chinese goddesses