Lectionary 187
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Lectionary 187 or Arundel 536 is a
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
New Testament
manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...
written on
parchment Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared Tanning (leather), untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By AD 400 ...
. It is designated by
siglum Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mecha ...
ℓ''187'' in the Gregory-Aland numbering of
New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...
manuscripts. Biblical scholar Frederick H. A. Scrivener labelled it by 256. Using the study of comparative writing styles (
palaeography Palaeography (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, UK) or paleography (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, US) (ultimately from , , 'old', and , , 'to write') is the study and academic disciplin ...
), it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has several gaps. It forms part of the British Library
Arundel Manuscripts __NOTOC__ The Arundel Manuscripts are the manuscripts collected by Thomas Howard (15851646), earl of Arundel and courtier during the reigns of JamesI and CharlesI of England. Following the Great Fire of London in 1666, his grandson Henry Howard ...
collection.


Description

The manuscript is a
codex The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now r ...
(precursor to the modern book), containing lessons (known as ''lectons'') from the
Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...
s of
John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...
,
Matthew Matthew may refer to: * Matthew (given name) * Matthew (surname) * ''Matthew'' (album), a 2000 album by rapper Kool Keith * Matthew (elm cultivar), a cultivar of the Chinese Elm ''Ulmus parvifolia'' Christianity * Matthew the Apostle, one of ...
,
Luke Luke may refer to: People and fictional characters * Luke (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Luke (surname), including a list of people with the name * Luke the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Luk ...
(known as a ''Evangelistarium'') and the
Epistles An epistle (; ) is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter. The epistle genre of letter-writing was common in ancient Egypt as part of the scribal-school writing curriculum. The ...
. It is written in Greek
minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (more formally '' minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing system ...
letters, on 217 parchment leaves (sized ). The manuscript has three leaves missing from the beginning which were supplemented by a later hand on paper, probably in the 15th century. They are single modern paper flyleaves, numbered as leaves I-III. The leaves 172-173 were supplemented by a later hand on parchment. The writing is in black ink, one column per page, with 23-27 lines per page. It contains musical notes in red ink, and decorated head-pieces also in red ink.British Library: Arundel 536
/ref> The initial letters are written in the margin in large letters, using either red and yellow ink, or red, black, and yellow ink. The codex contains decorations of either
zoomorphic The word ''zoomorphism'' derives from and . In the context of art, zoomorphism could describe art that imagines humans as non-human animals. It can also be defined as art that portrays one species of animal like another species of animal or art ...
(birds, fishes, snake) or
anthropomorphic Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to ...
(hands) types. The lessons of the codex were read during the weekdays from
Easter Easter, also called Pascha ( Aramaic: פַּסְחָא , ''paskha''; Greek: πάσχα, ''páskha'') or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in t ...
to
Pentecost Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christianity, Christian holiday which takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter Day, Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spiri ...
, as well as on Saturdays.


History

The earliest history of the manuscript is unknown. The codex was likely written in the eastern Mediterranean. It was presented by Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, to the
Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...
in London in 1667. In 1831, it was bought from the
Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...
in London along with 549 Arundel manuscripts, and transferred to the
British Museum The British Museum is a Museum, public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world. It documents the story of human cu ...
. It was rebound in 1897. The manuscript was examined by textual critic
Samuel Thomas Bloomfield Samuel Thomas Bloomfield (19 January 1783 – 28 September 1869) was an English clergyman and Biblical textual critic. His ''Greek New Testament'' was widely used in England and the United States. Life His surname was also spelled Blomfield or Bl ...
. Biblical scholar
Caspar René Gregory Caspar René Gregory (November 6, 1846 – April 9, 1917) was an American-German theologian. Life Gregory was born to Mary Jones and Henry Duval Gregory in Philadelphia. He was the brother of the American zoologist Emily Ray Gregory. After comp ...
saw the manuscript in 1883. It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (as 256), and Gregory later included it in his list as ℓ187. The textual variants in the codex have some sporadic citations in critical editions of the Greek New Testament. (UBS3) It is usually dated to the 13th century, and sometimes to the 12th century. The codex is currently located in the
British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit li ...
(shelf number MS Arundel 536) in
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,
England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
.


See also

*
List of New Testament lectionaries A New Testament Lectionary is a handwritten copy of a lectionary, or book of New Testament Bible readings. Lectionaries may be written in majuscule or minuscule Greek letters, on parchment, papyrus, vellum, or paper. Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nest ...
*
Biblical manuscript A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see '' Tefillin'') to huge polyglot codices (multi- ...
*
Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books. Such texts may rang ...
* Lectionary 188


Notes and references


Bibliography

*
Edward Bernard Edward Bernard (1638 – 12 January 1697) was an English scholar and Savilian professor of astronomy at the University of Oxford, from 1673 to 1691. Life He was born at Paulerspury, Northamptonshire. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' Scho ...
, ''Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliae et Hiberniae'', 3 vols (Oxford: Sheldonian, 1697), III, no. 3442. * ''Catalogue of Manuscripts in The British Museum, New Series'', 1 vol. in 2 parts (London: The British Museum, 1834–1840), I, part I: The Arundel Manuscripts, pp. 163–64. * ''Summary Catalogue of Greek Manuscripts'' (London: British Library, 1999- ), I, 18–19.


External links


Description of Lectionary 187
at the British Library
Digital images of Lectionary 187
at the British Library. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lectionary 0187 Greek New Testament lectionaries 13th-century biblical manuscripts British Library Arundel collection