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The Lazzaretto of Ancona, also called the Mole Vanvitelliana, is a pentagonal 18th-century building built on an artificial island as a quarantine station for the port town of
/ref> It originally had only one link to the mainland. It is now connected to the mainland by three bridges. The building was commissioned by Pope Clement XII, designed by the architect Luigi Vanvitelli, and built from 1733 to 1743. A well was located in the central Neoclassical tempietto dedicated to Saint Roch, invoked against the plague, in the center of the courtyard. It was built to house possibly-infected travellers and goods arriving in the port, who had to remain there forty days. Over the years, the site has taken different functions; in 1860 as a military citadel, then in 1884 a sugar refinery. During
The Lazzaretto of Ancona, also called the Mole Vanvitelliana, is a pentagonal 18th-century building built on an artificial island as a quarantine station for the port town of Ancona
Ancona (, also ; ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona, homonymous province and of the region. The city is located northeast of Ro ...
, Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
.
History
The island is separated from the land by a channel called "Mandracchio
A mandracchio is a small sheltered harbour reserved for the mooring of small boats and fishing vessels.
Many mandracchios are found in Italy, including at Ancona, Genoa, La Spezia and Muggia. Naples and Trieste also had mandracchios, but th ...
"."Lazzaretto , Ancona Vanvitelli Stately Building", Visit Ancona (tourist information)/ref> It originally had only one link to the mainland. It is now connected to the mainland by three bridges. The building was commissioned by Pope Clement XII, designed by the architect Luigi Vanvitelli, and built from 1733 to 1743. A well was located in the central Neoclassical tempietto dedicated to Saint Roch, invoked against the plague, in the center of the courtyard. It was built to house possibly-infected travellers and goods arriving in the port, who had to remain there forty days. Over the years, the site has taken different functions; in 1860 as a military citadel, then in 1884 a sugar refinery. During
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, there was a failed attempt to sabotage the Italian naval resources by 60 infiltrating Habsburg sailors. Now it is used as a site of the museum '' Tattile Omero'', as well as home for various exhibitions.
It is not clear why a pentagonal shape was chosen for the building. However, the rationalistic and functional ensemble is common to many works of late Enlightenment architecture. The efforts of this work can be compared to the contemporary architecture of institutions meant to provide geometrically compelling structures to house services for the poor in Naples by Fernando Fuga, such as the massive Royal Hospice and Hospital for the Poor and the mathematical Cemetery of the 366 Fossae.
See also
* Siege of Ancona (1860)References
Sources
* * Buildings and structures in Ancona Leper colonies Neoclassical architecture in le Marche Quarantine facilities in Italy Medical and health organisations based in Italy Luigi Vanvitelli buildings {{Italy-struct-stub