it, Laziale , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 = , demographics1_info2 = , demographics1_title3 = , demographics1_info3 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST =

CEST CEST or cest may refer to: * Central European Summer Time (UTC+2), daylight saving time observed in the central European time zone * Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory * Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer, a subset of Magnetization transfer in ...

, utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal_code_type = , postal_code = , area_code_type =

ISO 3166 code ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., pr ...

, area_code = IT-62 , blank_name_sec1 = GDP (nominal) , blank_info_sec1 = €201 billion (2019) , blank1_name_sec1 =

GDP per capita Lists of countries by GDP per capita list the countries in the world by their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The lists may be based on nominal or purchasing power parity GDP. Gross national income (GNI) per capita accounts for inflows ...

, blank1_info_sec1 = €34,300 (2019) , blank2_name_sec1 = HDI (2019) , blank2_info_sec1 = 0.914
· 3rd of 21 , blank_name_sec2 = NUTS Region , blank_info_sec2 = ITE , website
www.regione.lazio.it
, footnotes = Lazio or Latium ( or ; ; la, Latium, ) is one of the 20

administrative regions Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...

of Italy. Situated in the central peninsular section of the country, it has 5,714,882 inhabitants – making it the second most populated region of Italy (after

Lombardy Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...

and just ahead of Campania) – and its GDP of more than €197 billion per year means that it has the nation's second largest regional economy. The capital of Lazio is Rome, which is also the capital and

largest city The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropo ...

of Italy.

Geography

Lazio comprises a land area of and it has borders with Tuscany, Umbria, and

Marche Marche ( , ) is one of the twenty regions of Italy. In English, the region is sometimes referred to as The Marches ( ). The region is located in the central area of the country, bordered by Emilia-Romagna and the republic of San Marino to the ...

to the north,

Abruzzo Abruzzo (, , ; nap, label=Neapolitan language, Abruzzese Neapolitan, Abbrùzze , ''Abbrìzze'' or ''Abbrèzze'' ; nap, label=Sabino dialect, Aquilano, Abbrùzzu; #History, historically Abruzzi) is a Regions of Italy, region of Southern Italy wi ...

and Molise to the east, Campania to the south, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The region is mainly flat, with small mountainous areas in the most eastern and southern districts. The coast of Lazio is mainly composed of sandy beaches, punctuated by the headlands of Cape Circeo (541 m) and

Gaeta Gaeta (; lat, Cāiēta; Southern Laziale: ''Gaieta'') is a city in the province of Latina, in Lazio, Southern Italy. Set on a promontory stretching towards the Gulf of Gaeta, it is from Rome and from Naples. The town has played a consp ...

(171 m). The Pontine Islands, which are part of Lazio, are off Lazio's southern coast. Behind the coastal strip, to the north, lies the Maremma Laziale (the continuation of the Tuscan Maremma), a coastal plain interrupted at Civitavecchia by the

Tolfa Mountains The Monti della Tolfa (or Tolfa Mountains) are a volcanic group in the Anti-Apennines of the northern part of the Lazio region of Central Italy. They are bounded by the Tyrrhenian Sea coast to the west, by the Monti Sabatini to the east, and by t ...

(616 m). The central section of the region is occupied by the Roman Campagna, a vast

alluvial plain An alluvial plain is a largely flat landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which alluvial soil forms. A floodplain is part of the process, being the sma ...

surrounding the city of Rome, with an area of approximately . The southern districts are characterized by the flatlands of

Agro Pontino 250px, Lake Fogliano, a coastal lagoon in the Pontine Plain The Pontine Marshes (, also ; it, Agro Pontino , formerly also ''Paludi Pontine''; la, Pomptinus Ager by Titus Livius, ''Pomptina Palus'' (singular) and ''Pomptinae Paludes'' (plur ...

, a once swampy and malarial area, that was reclaimed over the centuries. The

Preapennines The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (; grc-gre, links=no, Ἀπέννινα ὄρη or Ἀπέννινον ὄρος; la, Appenninus or – a singular with plural meaning;''Apenninus'' (Greek or ) has the form of an adjective, which wou ...

of Latium, marked by the Tiber valley and the

Liri The Liri (Latin Liris or Lyris, previously, Clanis; Greek: ) is one of the principal rivers of central Italy, flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea a little below Minturno under the name Garigliano. Source and route The Liri's source is in the Mon ...

with the

Sacco Sacco may refer to: * Sacco (clothing) (also Sakko), a type of jacket * Sacco (river), a river of central Italy * Sacco, Campania, a comune (municipality) in southern Italy * Sacco chair, by Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini, Franco Teodoro * Ospedal ...

tributary, include on the right of the Tiber, three groups of mountains of volcanic origin: the

Volsini The Monti Volsini or Vulsini are a minor mountain range in northern Lazio, Italy, near the Lake Bolsena. The highest point is that of Passo della Montagnola, in the ''comune'' of Latera, at c. 645 m. The area is the relic of an ancient volc ...

, Cimini and

Sabatini Sabatini may refer to: People * Sabatini (surname) Places * Sabatini Gardens in Madrid, Spain * Sabatini, Italy, a volcanic region in Italy See also * Sabbatini, a family name of Italian origin * Sabadini {{disambiguation, geo ...

, whose largest former craters are occupied by the Bolsena, Vico and

Bracciano Bracciano is a small town in the Italian region of Lazio, northwest of Rome. The town is famous for its volcanic lake ( Lago di Bracciano or "Sabatino", the eighth largest lake in Italy) and for a particularly well-preserved medieval castle Cast ...

lakes. To the south of the Tiber, other mountain groups form part of the Preapennines: the

Alban Hills The Alban Hills ( it, Colli Albani) are the caldera remains of a quiescent volcano, volcanic complex in Italy, located southeast of Rome and about north of Anzio. The high Monte Cavo forms a highly visible peak the centre of the caldera, bu ...

, also of volcanic origin, and the calcareous Lepini, Ausoni and Aurunci Mountains. The Apennines of Latium are a continuation of the Apennines of Abruzzo: the Reatini Mountains with

Terminillo Monte Terminillo is a massif in the Monti Reatini, part of the Abruzzi Apennine range in central Italy. It is located some 20 km from Rieti and 100 km from Rome and has a highest altitude of . It is a typical Apennine massif, both fo ...

(2,213 m), Mounts Sabini, Prenestini,

Simbruini The Monti Simbruini are a mountain range in central Italy, a part of Apennines mountain system. The 'Simbruini' name derives from ''Simbruvium'', a lake formed by the river Anio, situated in the territory of the Aequi; it may derive from Latin ' ...

and Ernici which continue east of the Liri into the

Mainarde Mountains The Monti delle Mainarde, also known just as Le Mainarde, is a range of calcareous mountains on the border between the regions of Lazio and Molise in southern central Italy. It is the southern extension of the Monti della Meta. The highest pea ...

. The highest peak is Mount Gorzano (2,458 m) on the border with Abruzzo.

History

The Italian word Lazio descends from the Latin word Latium, the region of the

Latins The Latins were originally an Italic tribe in ancient central Italy from Latium. As Roman power and colonization spread Latin culture during the Roman Republic. Latins culturally "Romanized" or "Latinized" the rest of Italy, and the word Latin ...

, ''Latini'' in the Latin language spoken by them and passed on to the Latin city-state of Ancient Rome. Although the demography of ancient Rome was multi-ethnic, including, for example, Etruscans, Sabines and other Italics besides the Latini, the latter were the dominant constituent. In Roman mythology, the tribe of the Latini took their name from King

Latinus Latinus ( la, Latinus; Ancient Greek: Λατῖνος, ''Latînos'', or Λατεῖνος, ''Lateînos'') was a figure in both Greek and Roman mythology. He is often associated with the heroes of the Trojan War, namely Odysseus and Aeneas. Alth ...

. Apart from the mythical derivation of Lazio given by the ancients as the place where

Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine and a half times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth; h ...

, ruler of the golden age in Latium, hid (latuisset) from Jupiter there, a major modern etymology is that Lazio comes from the Latin word "latus", meaning "wide", expressing the idea of "flat land" meaning the Roman Campagna. Much of Lazio is in fact flat or rolling. The lands originally inhabited by the Latini were extended into the territories of the

Samnites The Samnites () were an ancient Italic people who lived in Samnium, which is located in modern inland Abruzzo, Molise, and Campania in south-central Italy. An Oscan-speaking people, who may have originated as an offshoot of the Sabines, they for ...

, the Marsi, the Hernici, the Aequi, the Aurunci and the Volsci, all surrounding Italic tribes. This larger territory was still called Latium, but it was divided into

Latium adiectum Latium adiectum () or Latium Novum was a region of Roman Italy between Monte Circeo and the river Garigliano, south of and immediately adjacent to Old Latium, hence its name of ''attached Latium''. Sources As a geographical term, it was used at le ...

or Latium Novum, the added lands or New Latium, and Latium Vetus, or Old Latium, the older, smaller region. The northern border of Lazio was the Tiber river, which divided it from

Etruria Etruria () was a region of Central Italy, located in an area that covered part of what are now most of Tuscany, northern Lazio, and northern and western Umbria. Etruscan Etruria The ancient people of Etruria are identified as Etruscan civiliza ...

. The emperor Augustus officially united almost all of present-day Italy into a single geo-political entity, Italia, dividing it into eleven regions. The part of today's Lazio south of the Tiber river – together with the present region of Campania immediately to the southeast of Lazio and the seat of Neapolis – became Region I (''Latium et Campania''), while modern Upper Lazio became part of ''Regio VII - Etruria'', and today's Province of Rieti joined ''Regio IV - Samnium''. After the Gothic conquest of Italy at the end of the fifth century, modern Lazio became part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom, but after the Gothic War between 535 and 554 and conquest by the Byzantine Empire, the region became the property of the Eastern Emperor as the Duchy of Rome. However, the long wars against the Longobards weakened the region. With the Donation of Sutri in 728, the Pope acquired the first territory in the region beyond the Duchy of Rome. The strengthening of the religious and ecclesiastical aristocracy led to continuous power struggles between secular lords (''

Baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knig ...

i'') and the Pope until the middle of the 16th century. Innocent III tried to strengthen his own territorial power, wishing to assert his authority in the provincial administrations of Tuscia, Campagna and Marittima through the Church's representatives, in order to reduce the power of the

Colonna family The House of Colonna, also known as ''Sciarrillo'' or ''Sciarra'', is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in Middle Ages, medieval and Roman Renaissance, Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Pope Martin ...

. Other popes tried to do the same. During the period when the papacy resided in

Avignon, France Avignon (, ; ; oc, Avinhon, label= Provençal or , ; la, Avenio) is the prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the commune had a p ...

(1309–1377), the feudal lords' power increased due to the absence of the Pope from Rome. Small communes, and Rome above all, opposed the lords' increasing power, and with Cola di Rienzo, they tried to present themselves as antagonists of the ecclesiastical power. However, between 1353 and 1367, the papacy regained control of Lazio and the rest of the Papal States. From the middle of the 16th century, the papacy politically unified Lazio with the Papal States, so that these territories became provincial administrations of St. Peter's estate; governors in Viterbo, in Marittima and

Campagna Campagna (Italian: ) is a small town and ''comune'' of the province of Salerno, in the Campania region of Southern Italy. Its population is 17,148. Its old Latin name was Civitas Campaniae (City of Campagna). Campagna is located in one of the v ...

, and in Frosinone administered them for the papacy. Lazio was part of the short-lived Roman Republic, after which it became a puppet state of the

First French Republic In the history of France, the First Republic (french: Première République), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (french: République française), was founded on 21 September 1792 ...

under the forces of

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

. Lazio was returned to the Papal States in October 1799. In 1809, it was annexed to the French Empire under the name of the Department of Tibre, but returned to the Pope's control in 1815. On 20 September 1870 the

capture of Rome The Capture of Rome ( it, Presa di Roma) on 20 September 1870 was the final event of the unification of Italy (''Risorgimento''), marking both the final defeat of the Papal States under Pope Pius IX and the unification of the Italian Peninsula ...

, during the reign of Pope Pius IX, and France's defeat at Sedan, completed

Italian unification The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single ...

, and Lazio was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy. In 1927, the territory of the Province of Rieti, belonging to Umbria and

, joined Lazio. Towns in Lazio were devastated by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake.

Economy

Agriculture, crafts, animal husbandry and fishery are the main traditional sources of income. Agriculture is characterized by the cultivation of wine grapes, fruit, vegetables and olives. Lazio is the main growing region of

kiwi Kiwi most commonly refers to: * Kiwi (bird), a flightless bird native to New Zealand * Kiwi (nickname), a nickname for New Zealanders * Kiwifruit, an edible berry * Kiwi dollar or New Zealand dollar, a unit of currency Kiwi or KIWI may also refe ...

in Italy. Approximately 73% of the working population are employed in the services sector, which contribute 85.8% of regional GDP; this is a considerable proportion, but is justified by the presence of Rome, which is the core of public administration, media, utility, telecommunication, transport, tourism and other sectors. Many national and multinational corporations, public and private, have their headquarters in Rome (

ENI Eni S.p.A. () is an Italian multinational energy company headquartered in Rome. Considered one of the seven "supermajor" oil companies in the world, it has operations in 69 countries with a market capitalization of US$54.08 billion, as of 11 Ap ...

, Italiana Petroli, Enel,

Acea Acea is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Eusebio Acea (born 1969), Cuban rower * Francis Acea (born 1967), Cuban artist *John Adriano Acea (1917–1963), American jazz pianist *Raidel Acea Raidel Acea Morales (born 21 Octo ...

Terna Terna may refer to: Places * Terňa, a village in the Prešov Region of Slovakia * Terna River, Latur District, Maharashtra, India Religion * A terna is a list of three candidates for the office of bishop used in the episcopal selection process o ...

, TIM, Poste italiane,

Leonardo Leonardo is a masculine given name, the Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese equivalent of the English, German, and Dutch name, Leonard Leonard or ''Leo'' is a common English masculine given name and a surname. The given name and surname originate ...

, ITA Airways, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, RAI). Lazio's limited industrial sector and highly developed service industries allowed the region to well outperform the Italian economy in 2009 in the heart of the global financial crisis. But it was strongly affected by the COVID-19 crisis of 2020-2021 due to the lock-downs. Industrial development in Lazio is limited to the areas south of Rome. Communications and - above all - the setting of the border of the Cassa del Mezzogiorno some kilometers south of Rome, have influenced the position of industry, favouring the areas with the best links to Rome and those near the Autostrada del Sole, especially around Frosinone. Additional factor was cheap energy supply from Latina Nuclear Power Plant and

Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant was a nuclear power plant located at Sessa Aurunca (Campania), in southern Italy. It was named after the river Garigliano. Consisting of one 150MWe BWR from General Electric, it operated from 1964 until 1982. Fi ...

, which are now out of the operation after Italian nuclear energy referendum.

Industry

2017_Alfa_Romeo_Giulia_Veloce_TB_Automatic_2

Industry contributes a small part of GDP, share is 8.9% compared to 25.0% in Veneto and 24.0% in Emilia-Romagna. In Rome even less with 7%, compare of 12% from tourism. Virtually no any machine building or metallurgy exists in Lazio. Firms are often small to medium in size and operate in the * oil refining (

) * automobile ( Cassino Plant, which produced 53,422 Alfa Romeo cars in 2020 and has 3,433 employees.) * yachts and boats (Canados Shipyard in Rome-Ostia) * engineering (

Rieti Rieti (; lat, Reate, Sabino: ) is a town and ''comune'' in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabina re ...

, Anagni (rotor blades and composite structures; stone extractions machines Fantoni Sud), Frosinone (helicopter transmissions)) * electronic ( Viterbo, Rome, Pomezia, Latina). A large Texas Instruments plant in

was closed with the loss of thousands of jobs. * building and building materials ( Rome, Civitavecchia) **Well-developed travertine-processing industry, especially in the Ausoni-Tiburtina area (

Tivoli Tivoli may refer to: * Tivoli, Lazio, a town in Lazio, Italy, known for historic sites; the inspiration for other places named Tivoli Buildings * Tivoli (Baltimore, Maryland), a mansion built about 1855 * Tivoli Building (Cheyenne, Wyoming), a ...

and Guidonia Montecelio quarries). **ca. 70% of the national sanitary ceramics comes from

Civita Castellana Civita Castellana is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Viterbo, north of Rome. Mount Soracte lies about to the south-east. History Civita Castellana was settled during the Iron Age by the Italic people of the Falisci, who called it "Fa ...

industrial district and

* textile ( Valle del Liri). In the district the production relationships are mostly of the subcontractor type, 40% of the companies produce semi-finished and finished products not intended for marketing. There is some R&D activity in high technology: IBM ( IBM Rome Software Lab), Ericsson, Leonardo Electronics (Rome-Tiburtina, Rome-Laurentina, Pomezia, Latina),

Rheinmetall Rheinmetall AG is a German automotive and arms manufacturer, headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany. Its shares are traded on the Frankfurt stock exchange. History Rheinmetall was founded in 1889. Banker and investor Lorenz Zuckermandel L ...

("Radar House") and tire industry:

Bridgestone is a Japanese multinational tire manufacturer founded in 1931 by Shojiro Ishibashi (1889–1976) in the city of Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. The name Bridgestone comes from a calque translation and transposition of , meaning 'stone bridge' in Japan ...

(R&D center in Rome and proving grounds in

Aprilia Aprilia is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer founded immediately after World War II in Noale, Italy, by Alberto Beggio. The company started as a manufacturer of bicycles and moved on to manufacture scooters and small-capacity motorcycles. ...

Consumer goods

The most distinctive industry in Lazio is production of household chemicals, pharmaceutical and hygiene goods, toilet paper and tissue products:

Sigma-Tau Leadiant Biosciences, formerly known as Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite, was founded in 1957 by research chemist Claudio Cavazza. In 2018 Leadiant Biosciences has come under fire for creating a monopoly for CDCA and unnecessarily in ...

Johnson & Johnson Johnson & Johnson (J&J) is an American multinational corporation founded in 1886 that develops medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and consumer packaged goods. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the company i ...

, Procter & Gamble,

Colgate Palmolive Colgate-Palmolive Company is an American multinational corporation, multinational consumer products company headquartered on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The company specializes in the production, distribution, and provisio ...

Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, commonly known as Henkel, is a German multinational chemical and consumer goods company headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany. It is active in both the consumer and industrial sectors. Founded in 1876, the DAX company is organi ...

, Pfizer, Abott, Catalent, Angelini,

Menarini The Menarini Group is an Italian pharmaceutical company. Its headquarters is in Florence, Tuscany, and it has three divisions: Menarini Ricerche, Menarini Biotech, and Menarini Diagnostics. It develops pharmacological solutions for cardiovascula ...

, Biopharma, Wepa.

Space

* Avio in Colleferro has headquarters and make research, development and manufacturing of solid propellant motors and liquid propellant engines for launch vehicles and tactical propulsion systems; boosters for

Ariane 5 Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift space launch vehicle developed and operated by Arianespace for the European Space Agency (ESA). It is launched from the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) in French Guiana. It has been used to deliver payloads int ...

rocket * Satellite services are provided from

Telespazio Telespazio Spa is a European spaceflight services company founded in 1961. It is a joint venture owned by Leonardo (67%) and Thales Group (33%) headquartered in Rome. Telespazio provides services that include the design and development of space s ...

which headquarters in Rome * Thales Alenia Space has 2 locations in Rome (Tiburtina and Saccomuro) and makes design and integration of terrestrial observation, navigation and telecommunications satellites

Agriculture

From fruits the most important are kiwifruit (1st place in Italy) and

hazel nuts The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus ''Corylus'', especially the nuts of the species ''Corylus avellana''. They are also known as cobnuts or filberts according t ...

"Nocciola romana". Italy itself is the second largest producer of kiwifruit worldwide and was surpassed only by

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. Infrastructure which has been used for grape growing was easily adapted for kiwifruit cultivation.

Animal husbandry

Only sheep and buffalo herds are significant nationwide. Both keep dominantly for milk, which using to production Pecorino Romano and Mozzarella di Buffalo cheese. Sheep herds is the 3rd nationwide after Sardinia and Sicily. 40% of sheep are breeding in province of Viterbo.

Viticulture

Vineyards cover in Lazio. 90% of wines are white. In production of quality wine Lazio has rank 14 of 20 with 190.557 hl. There are 3 DOCG wines: * Frascati Superiore * Cannellino di Frascati * Cesanese del Piglio

Unemployment

The unemployment rate stood at 9.1% in 2020.

Demographics

With a population of 5,714,882 million (as of 31 December 2021), Lazio is the second most populated region of Italy. The overall population density in the region is 341 inhabitants per km². However, the population density widely ranges from almost 800 inhabitants per km² in the highly urbanized Rome metropolitan area to less than 60 inhabitants per km² in the mountainous and rural Province of Rieti. As of January 2010, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 497,940 foreign-born immigrants live in Lazio, equal to 8.8% of the total regional population.

Government and politics

Rome is centre-left politically oriented by tradition, while the rest of Lazio is centre-right oriented. In the 2008 general election, Lazio gave 44.2% of its vote to the centre-right coalition, while the centre-left block took 41.4% of vote. In the

2013 general election Thirteen or 13 may refer to: * 13 (number), the natural number following 12 and preceding 14 * One of the years 13 BC, AD 13, 1913, 2013 Music * 13AD (band), an Indian classic and hard rock band Albums * ''13'' (Black Sabbath album), 2013 * ...

, Lazio gave 40.7% of its vote to the centre-left block coalition, 29.3% to the centre-right coalition and 20.2 to the

Five Star Movement The Five Star Movement ( it, Movimento 5 Stelle , M5S) is a political party in Italy. Its leader and president is Giuseppe Conte, Prime Minister of Italy from 2018 until 2021. The M5S was founded on 4 October 2009 by Beppe Grillo, a comedian an ...

Administrative divisions

Lazio is divided into four provinces and one metropolitan (province-level) city: Latium Provinces

Cuisine

One of the most famous forms of food in Lazio is pasta. Dishes first attested inside the region's borders include: Spaghetti_carbonara.jpg, Spaghetti alla carbonara Bucatini_allamatriciana.jpg, Bucatini all'amatriciana Pizzeria_Bella_Italia_%28Cr%C3%A9pieux-la-Pape%29_-_Penne_all%27arabiata_%282%29_%28f%C3%A9vrier_2020%29.jpg,

Penne all'arrabbiata Arrabbiata sauce, or ''sugo all'arrabbiata'' in Italian (''arabbiata'' in Romanesco dialect), is a spicy sauce for pasta made from garlic, tomatoes, and dried red chili peppers cooked in olive oil. The sauce originates from the Lazio region, and ...

Pasta_alla_Gricia.jpg, Spaghetti alla Gricia The_Only_Original_Alfredo_Sauce_with_Butter_and_Parmesano-Reggiano_Cheese.png, Fettuccine Alfredo Guanciale is used in several sauces. Guanciale is the cut of pork obtained from the cheek of the pig, crossed by lean veins of muscle with a component of valuable fat, of a composition different from lardo (back fat) and pancetta (belly fat): the consistency is harder than pancetta and it possesses a more distinctive flavor. Guanciale is salted pork fat, different from

bacon Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the bacon, lettuce, and tomato sand ...

, which is smoked. It is a typical product of Lazio, Umbria and

. Another important ingredient is Pecorino Romano cheese. Vegetables are common, artichokes (carciofi) being among the most popular: Carciofi_alla_Romana_1.jpg,

Carciofi alla Romana Carciofi alla Romana , literally "Roman-style artichokes", is a typical dish of Roman cuisine. During spring-time in Rome, the dish is prepared in each household and is served in all restaurants. It represents one of the most famous artichoke dishe ...

Carciofi_alla_Giud%C3%ACa.jpg,

Carciofi alla Giudia Carciofi alla giudìa (; literally "Jewish-style artichokes") is among the best-known dishes of Roman Jewish cuisine.Malizia (1995), pg. 54 The recipe is essentially a deep-fried artichoke, and originated in the Jewish community of Rome, ''giudìo ...

Carciofolata.jpg, Carciofolata Romanesco_broccoli_%28Brassica_oleracea%29.jpg,

Romanesco broccoli Romanesco broccoli (also known as Roman cauliflower, Broccolo Romanesco, Romanesque cauliflower, Romanesco or broccoflower) is an edible flower bud of the species ''Brassica oleracea''. It is chartreuse in color, and has a form naturally approx ...

Cimadirapa.JPG, Cima di rapa ARS_romaine_lettuce.jpg, Romaine lettuce Other popular vegetables are

romanesco broccoli Romanesco broccoli (also known as Roman cauliflower, Broccolo Romanesco, Romanesque cauliflower, Romanesco or broccoflower) is an edible flower bud of the species ''Brassica oleracea''. It is chartreuse in color, and has a form naturally approx ...

, asparagus,

fava bean ''Vicia faba'', commonly known as the broad bean, fava bean, or faba bean, is a species of vetch, a flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated as a crop for human consumption, and also as a cover crop. Variet ...

, cima di rapa, romaine lettuce,

pumpkin A pumpkin is a vernacular term for mature winter squash of species and varieties in the genus ''Cucurbita'' that has culinary and cultural significance but no agreed upon botanical or scientific meaning. The term ''pumpkin'' is sometimes use ...

, zucchini and chicory.

Spices

In the cuisine of Lazio, spices are widely used. Among the most used are lesser cat-mint, called in Rome "Mentuccia" (for artichokes and mushrooms), squaw mint, called in Rome "Menta romana" (for lamb and tripe), laurel, rosemary,

sage Sage or SAGE may refer to: Plants * ''Salvia officinalis'', common sage, a small evergreen subshrub used as a culinary herb ** Lamiaceae, a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle or sage family ** ''Salvia'', a large ...

juniper Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Juniperus'' () of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, from the Arcti ...

chili Chili or chilli may refer to: Food * Chili pepper, the spicy fruit of plants in the genus ''Capsicum''; sometimes spelled "chilli" in the UK and "chile" in the southwestern US * Chili powder, the dried, pulverized fruit of one or more varieties ...

and grated truffle.

Quinto quarto

Although Roman and Lazio cuisine use cheap ingredients like vegetable and pasta, poor people needed a source of protein. Therefore, they used the so-called ''"Quinto quarto"'' (The fifth quarter), leftovers from animal carcasses that remained after the sale of prized parts to the wealthy. ''Quinto quarto'' includes tripe (the most valuable part of reticulum, also called "cuffia", "l'omaso" or "lampredotto"), kidneys (which need to be soaked for a long time in water with lemon to remove urine smell), heart, liver, spleen, sweetbreads (pancreas, thymus and salivary glands), brain, tongue, ox tail, trotters and pajata ( intestines of calf, fed only with its mother's milk). The intestines are cleaned and skinned but the

chyme Chyme or chymus (; from Greek χυμός ''khymos'', "juice") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person's stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenumRigatoni con la pajata Trippa_Alla_Romana.jpg, Trippa alla romana Lampredotto_sandwich.JPG, Lampredotto sandwich Coda_alla_vaccinara-01.jpg, Coda alla vaccinara

Meat dishes

Traditional meat dishes include

Saltimbocca alla Romana Saltimbocca, also spelled saltinbocca (, , ; ), is an Italian dish (also popular in southern Switzerland). It consists of veal that has been wrapped ("lined") with prosciutto and sage, and then marinated in wine, oil, or salt water, depending on ...

(veal wrapped with Prosciutto di Parma and

and cooked in white wine, butter and flour) and

Abbacchio Abbacchio (''pronounced ah-bahk-yo'') is an Italian preparation of lamb. Abbacchio is consumed throughout central Italy. History Throughout central Italy, including Sardinia, pastoralism was the main source of meat. The tradition of consum ...

alla Romana (roasted lamb with garlic, rosemary, pepper and chopped prosciutto). File:Saltimbocca raw (2).jpg,

(uncooked) File:Abbacchio Pasquale.jpg,

Sports

The region gives name to professional

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...

club Lazio that plays in the Italian Serie A. The region has two professional clubs in the top flight, the other being

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

, who also play in the highest division of Italian football. Combined, the two have won five Italian championships with Roma winning three and Lazio two. The main sports stadium in Lazio is

Stadio Olimpico The Stadio Olimpico (English: ''Olympic Sta