Mendosoma lineatum Real bastard trumpeter P2174364

Latridae commonly called trumpeters, is a family of marine

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

. They are found in temperate seas in the Southern Hemisphere. The classification of the species within the Latridae and the related

Cheilodactylidae Cheilodactylidae, commonly called morwongs but also known as butterfish, fingerfins, jackassfish, sea carp, snappers, and moki, is a family of marine ray-finned fish. They are found in subtropical oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. The common na ...

is unclear.They are fished commercially and for sport.

Taxonomy

Latridae is classified within the

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

Cirrhitoidea, under the

suborder Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...

Percoidei Percoidei is a suborder of bony fishes in the order Perciformes. Many commercially harvested fish species are considered to be contained in this suborder, including the groupers, Serranidae, seabasses and perches. Divisions The following classif ...

of the large order

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...

. Molecular studies have also placed the superfamily within the order

Centrarchiformes Centrarchiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, previously included amongst the perciformes. Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2023). FishBase. Centrarchiformes. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies. ...

, although the Cirrhitoidea is confirmed as a

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

. The 5th Edition of ''

Fishes of the World ''Fishes of the World'' is a standard reference for the systematics of fishes. It was first written in 1976 by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011). Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of t ...

'' does not recognise Centrarchiformes and retains the superfamily within the order Perciformes. The family has three genera according to the 5th Edition of ''

'', however the authors of that book admit that further studies need to be carried out to resolve the true relationships of all the taxa within the Cirrhitoidea. Latridae was first formally desecrribed as a family in 1862 by

Theodore Nicholas Gill Theodore Nicholas Gill (March 21, 1837 – September 25, 1914) was an American ichthyologist, mammalogist, malacologist, and librarian. Career Born and educated in New York City under private tutors, Gill early showed interest in natural histor ...

. The traditional delimitation of this family and Chaeilodactylidae is based on morphological differences, but the reliability of these differences has been questioned, and

genetics Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinians, Augustinian ...

do not support this treatment, either, leading some to suggest the majority of species traditionally classified as Cheilodactylidae should be placed within Latridae. Based on this, the only species that should remain in the family Cheilodactylidae are the relatively small ''

Cheilodactylus fasciatus The redfingers (''Cheilodactylus fasciatus'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the Family (biology), family Cheilodactylidae, commonly referred to as morwongs. It is found only off the coasts of Namibia and South Africa, in ro ...

'' and '' C. pixi'' from

southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost region of Africa. No definition is agreed upon, but some groupings include the United Nations geoscheme for Africa, United Nations geoscheme, the intergovernmental Southern African Development Community, and ...

. This also means the broader definition of the genus ''

Cheilodactylus ''Cheilodactylus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, known as morwongs, although this name is not unique to this family. They are found in the temperate waters of the southern hemisphere and in the N ...

'' is

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...

. All other species traditionally placed within the genus "''Cheilodactylus''" clearly do not, according to these analyses, belong with these two in ''Cheilodactylus'' and instead appear to belong in several different genera within Latridae, but how many and their exact delimitation is not clear at present.

Genera

The traditional classification places the following three genera in the family Latridae: * ''

Latridopsis ''Latridopsis'' is a genus of marine ray finned fish belonging to the family Latridae, the trumpeters. They are found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and the southeastern Indian Ocean. Taxonomy ''Latridopsis'' was described in 1862 by the Amer ...

'' Gill 1862 * ''

Latris ''Latris'' is a genus of marine ray finned fish belonging to the family Latridae, the trumpeters. They are found in the southern oceans. Taxonomy ''Latris'' was first formally described in 1839 by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arc ...

'' Richardson, 1839 * ''

Mendosoma ''Mendosoma'' is a genus of marine ray finned fish belonging to the family Latridae, the trumpeters. Taxonomy ''Mendosoma'' was first formally described in 1848 by the French zoologist Alphonse Guichenot. Some authorities consider the genus ' ...

'' Guichenot 1848 The revised classification ''sensu'' Ludt, Burridge and Chakrabarty 2019 is: * **''

Chirodactylus ''Chirodactylus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, traditionally regarded as belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, the members of which are commonly known as morwongs. They are native to the Atlantic, Indian and eastern Pacific oceans of ...

'' Gill, 1862 * ''

Dactylophora The dusky morwong (''Dactylophora nigricans'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish, traditionally regarded as belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, the members of which are commonly known as morwongs. It is native to the western and southe ...

De Vis Charles Walter de Vis (9 May 1829 – 30 April 1915)
—

Goniistius ''Goniistius'' is a subgenus of marine ray-finned fishes, traditionally classified as being within the genus ''Cheilodactylus'' and belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, known as morwongs, although this name is not unique to this family and t ...

'' Gill, 1862 * ''Latridopsis'' Gill, 1862 * ''Latris'' Richardson, 1839 * ''Mendosoma'' Guichenot 1848 * *'' Morwong'' Whitley, 1957 * ''

Nemadactylus ''Nemadactylus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, traditionally regarded as belonging to the Family (biology), family Cheilodactylidae, the members of which are commonly known as morwongs. They are found in the South Atlantic, Indian and Sou ...

'' Richardson, 1839 * *'' Pseudogoniistius'' Ludt,

Burridge Burridge is a small village in the Borough of Fareham, south of Hampshire, England. It lies approximately 14 miles south of Winchester on the A3051 between Botley, Hampshire, Botley and Park Gate. It is also to the north of Sarisbury and to ...

& Chakrabarty, 2019 * means at least one member, the red moki (''C. spectabilis'') was traditionally classified in ''Chelidactylus'' ''sensu lato''
** means traditionally classified in ''Chelidactylus'' ''

sensu lato ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

Characteristics

Latridae Fishes have somewhat elongate bodies, small mouths and sharp teeth. They have a continuous

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...

which has an incision separating the spiny part and the soft-rayed part. They have small

pectoral Pectoral may refer to: * The chest region and anything relating to it. * Pectoral cross, a cross worn on the chest * a decorative, usually jeweled version of a gorget * Pectoral (Ancient Egypt), a type of jewelry worn in ancient Egypt * Pectora ...

and

pelvic fin Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral (belly) surface of fish, and are the lower of the only two sets of paired fins (the other being the laterally positioned pectoral fins). The pelvic fins are homologous to the hi ...

s and a forked

caudal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only ...

. There are 14–24 spines in the dorsal fin and 24–30 soft rays while the anal fin has 18–35 soft rays. The lowest pectoral fin rays of the Latridae species in the traditional classification are not thickened or extended.

Distribution and habitat

The Latridae are found in the temperate South Atlantic, South Pacific and southern Indian Oceans where they tend to be associated with reefs and rock substrates.

Fisheries

The Latridae contains species which are important species for game fisheries.

References

{{Authority control Centrarchiformes families