Krome Studios Melbourne, originally Beam Software, was an Australian

video game development Video game development (sometimes shortened to gamedev) is the process of creating a video game. It is a multidisciplinary practice, involving programming, design, art, audio, user interface, and writing. Each of those may be made up of more speci ...

studio founded in 1980 by Alfred Milgrom and Naomi Besen and based in

Melbourne, Australia Melbourne ( , ; Boonwurrung/ or ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most-populous city in Australia, after Sydney. The city's name generally refers to a metropolitan area also known ...

. Initially formed to produce books and software to be published by Melbourne House, a company they had established in London in 1977, the studio operated independently from 1987 until 1999, when it was acquired by Infogrames, who changed the name to Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd.. Documentation for a 2007 exhibition. In 2006 the studio was sold to

Krome Studios Krome Studios Pty Ltd. is an Australian video game developer. Its headquarters were in Brisbane and it previously had offices in Adelaide and Melbourne ( Krome Studios Melbourne). Krome Studios is best known for their ''Ty the Tasmanian Tiger'' ...

. The name Beam was a contraction of the names of the founders: Naomi Besen and Alfred Milgrom.

History

Home computer era

In the early years, two of Beam's programs were milestones in their respective genres. ''

The Hobbit ''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again'' is a children's fantasy novel by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the ...

'', a 1982 text adventure by Philip Mitchell and

Veronika Megler Veronika Margaret Megler (born 14 October 1960) is an Australian computer scientist. , Megler is a principal data scientist at Amazon.com and is known as the co-developer of ''The Hobbit'', a 1982 text adventure game adapted from the novel by J ...

, sold more than 500,000 copies. It employed an advanced parser by Stuart Richie and had real-time elements. Even if the player didn't enter commands, the story would move on.DeMaria, Rusel and Wilson, Johnny L. (2004) ''High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games'' McGraw-Hill/Osborne, Berkeley, Calif., p. 347, In 1985 Greg Barnett's two-player

martial arts Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defence; military and law enforcement applications; combat sport, competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; ...

game ''

The Way of the Exploding Fist ''The Way of the Exploding Fist'' is a 1985 fighting game based on Japanese martial arts developed by Beam Software, by a team consisting of Gregg Barnett, Bruce Bayley, Neil Brennan and David Johnston. Originally developed on the Commodore 64 an ...

'' helped define the genre of one-on-one fighting games on the home computer. The game won Best Overall Game at the

Golden Joystick Awards The Golden Joystick Awards, also known as the People's Gaming Awards, is a video game award ceremony; it awards the best video games of the year, as voted for originally by the British general public, but is now a global event that can be voted ...

. In 1987 Beam's UK publishing arm, Melbourne House, was sold to

Mastertronic Mastertronic was originally a publisher and distributor of low-cost computer game software founded in 1983. Their first games were launched on April 2, 1984. At its peak the label was one of the largest software publishers in the UK, achieved ...

for £850,000. Beam chairman Alfred Milgrom recounted, "...around 1987 a lot of our U.K. people went on to other companies and at around the same time the industry was moving from 8-bit to 16-bit. It was pretty chaotic. We didn't have the management depth at that time to run both the publishing and development sides of things, so we ended up selling off the whole Melbourne House publishing side to Mastertronic." Subsequent games were released through varying publishers. The 1988 fighting games '' Samurai Warrior'' and ''Fist +'', the third instalment in the Exploding Fist series, were published through Telecomsoft's

Firebird Firebird and fire bird may refer to: Mythical birds * Phoenix (mythology), sacred firebird found in the mythologies of many cultures ** Fenghuang, sometimes called Chinese phoenix * Vermilion bird, one of the four symbols of the Chinese constella ...

label. 1988 also saw the release of space-

shoot'em-up Shoot 'em ups (also known as shmups or STGs) are a subgenre of action games. There is no consensus as to which design elements compose a shoot 'em up; some restrict the definition to games featuring spacecraft and certain types of character mo ...

''Bedlam'', published by GO!, one of

U.S. Gold U.S. Gold Limited was a British video game publisher based in Witton, Birmingham, England. The company was founded in 1984 by Anne and Geoff Brown in parallel to their distributor firm, CentreSoft, both of which became part of Woodward Brown H ...

's labels, and ''

The Muncher ''The Muncher'' is a video game for the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum that was released in 1988. It was produced by Beam Software and released by Gremlin Graphics. The game involves the monster from '' Chewits'' attacking modern day Japan. Gamep ...

'', published by

Gremlin Graphics Gremlin Graphics Software Limited, later Gremlin Interactive Limited and ultimately Infogrames Studios Limited, was a British software house based in Sheffield, working mostly in the home computer market. Like many software houses established i ...

Shift to consoles and PCs

In 1987 Nintendo granted a developer's licence for the

NES The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit home video game console developed and marketed by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan on 15 July 1983 as the and was later released as the redesigned NES in several test markets in the ...

and Beam developed games on that platform for US and Japanese publishers. Targeted at an Australian audience, releases such as ''

Aussie Rules Footy ''Aussie Rules Footy'' is the first AFL simulation video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Melbourne-based Beam Software and published under their "Laser Beam" publishing title in 1991.Beam Software Timeline.' Doc ...

'' and ''

International Cricket International cricket matches are played between the teams representing their nations, administrated by the International Cricket Council. The main forms are Test matches, ODI matches and T20I matches. Most games are played as part of "tou ...

'' for the NES proved successful. In 1992 they released the original title ''

Nightshade Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many me ...

'', a dark superhero comedy game. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for ''

Shadowrun ''Shadowrun'' is a science fantasy tabletop role-playing game set in an alternate future in which cybernetics, magic in fiction, magic and fantasy creatures co-exist. It combines genres of cyberpunk, urban fantasy, and crime fiction, crime, wit ...

''. Released in 1993, ''Shadowrun'' also used an innovative dialogue system using the acquisition of keywords which could be used in subsequent conversations to initiate new branches in the

dialogue tree A dialogue tree, or conversation tree, is a gameplay mechanic that is used throughout many adventure games (including action-adventure games) and role-playing video games. When interacting with a non-player character, the player is given a choice ...

. Also in 1993 they released ''

Baby T-Rex ''Baby T-Rex'' is a platform game developed by Beam Software for Game Boy. It was released in 1993 in Europe by Laser Beam Entertainment, Beam's publishing arm. It was also released (with altered graphics and story) as ''Agro Soar'' in Australia ...

'', a

Game Boy The is a handheld game console developed by Nintendo, launched in the Japanese home market on April 21, 1989, followed by North America later that year and other territories from 1990 onwards. Following the success of the Game & Watch single-ga ...

platform game that the developer actively sought to adapt the game to a number of different licensed properties in different countries around the world including the animated film ''

We're Back! "We're Back!" is the first track and third single from The Lonely Island's second album '' Turtleneck & Chain''. The song was first performed on ''Late Night with Jimmy Fallon'' on April 1, 2011 while the album was released on May 10, 2011. The ...

'' in North America and the puppet character Agro in their home country of Australia. In 1997, Beam relaunched the Melbourne House brand, under which they published the PC titles '' Krush Kill 'n' Destroy'' (KKND), and the sequels ''KKND Xtreme'' and '' KKND2: Krossfire''. They released ''KKND2'' in South Korea well before they released it in the American and European markets, and pirated versions of the game were available on the internet before it was available in stores in the U.S. They were the developers of the 32-bit versions of '' Norse By Norse West: The Return of the Lost Vikings'' for the

Sega Saturn The is a home video game console developed by Sega and released on November 22, 1994, in Japan, May 11, 1995, in North America, and July 8, 1995, in Europe. Part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, it is the successor to the succes ...

PlayStation is a video gaming brand owned and produced by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE), a division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. Its flagship products consists of a series of home video game consoles produced under the brand; it also consists ...

and PC in 1996. They also helped produce

SNES The Super Nintendo Entertainment System, commonly shortened to Super Nintendo, Super NES or SNES, is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Oceania an ...

games such as ''

WCW SuperBrawl Wrestling ''WCW SuperBrawl Wrestling'' is a professional wrestling video game published by FCI, Inc. for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1994. The third World Championship Wrestling (WCW) video game, it is named after the pay-per-view ''SuperB ...

'', '' Super Smash TV'' and an updated version of ''International Cricket'' titled '' Super International Cricket''. They ported the Sega Saturn game ''

Bug! ''Bug!'' is a platform game developed by Realtime Associates and published by Sega for the Sega Saturn. It was first released in North America, in 1995, weeks after the Saturn's launch there; in Europe on September 15, 1995; and, in Japan, on ...

'' to Windows 3.x in August 1996. 1998 saw a return to RPGs with '' Alien Earth'', again with a dialogue tree format. Also in 1998, the studio developed racing games '' DethKarz'' and ''

GP 500 ''GP 500'' is a motorcycle racing simulation for the PC developed by Melbourne House and released in 1999 by Hasbro Interactive under the MicroProse MicroProse is an American video game publisher and video game developer, developer founde ...

''. In 1999 Beam Software was acquired by

Infogrames Atari SA (formerly Infogrames Entertainment SA ()), also known as Atari Group, is a French holding company headquartered in Paris that owns mainly video gaming-related interactive entertainment properties. Atari SA's core subsidiaries include ...

and renamed to Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd.

2000s

They continued to cement a reputation as a racing game developer with ''

Le Mans 24 Hours The 24 Hours of Le Mans () is an endurance-focused sports car race held annually near the city of Le Mans, France. It is widely considered to be one of the world's most prestigious races, and is one of the races—along with the Monaco Grand ...

'' and '' Looney Tunes: Space Race'' (both

Dreamcast The is the final home video game console manufactured by Sega. It was released in Japan on November 27, 1998, in North America on September 9, 1999 and in Europe on October 14, 1999. It was the first sixth-generation video game console, prec ...

and

PlayStation 2 The PlayStation 2 (PS2) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on 4 March 2000, in North America on 26 October, in Europe on 24 Novembe ...

), followed by ''

Grand Prix Challenge ''Grand Prix Challenge'' is a Formula One racing video game developed by Australian developer Infogrames Melbourne House and published by Infogrames for PlayStation 2. It was released in Europe on 22 November 2002, and was officially licensed ...

'' (

), before going into third-person shooters with '' Men in Black II: Alien Escape'' (

GameCube The is a PowerPC-based home video game console developed and marketed by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on September 14, 2001, in North America on November 18, 2001, in Europe on May 3, 2002, and in Australia on May 17, 2002. It is the suc ...

). In 2004 the studio released ''

Transformers ''Transformers'' is a media franchise produced by American toy company Hasbro and Japanese toy company Tomy, Takara Tomy. It primarily follows the heroic Autobots and the villainous Decepticons, two Extraterrestrials in fiction, alien robot fac ...

'' for the

games console A video game console is an electronic device that Input/output, outputs a video signal or image to display a video game that can typically be played with a game controller. These may be home video game console, home consoles, which are generally ...

based on the then current Transformers Armada franchise by

Hasbro Hasbro, Inc. (; a syllabic abbreviation of its original name, Hassenfeld Brothers) is an American multinational corporation, multinational toy manufacturing and entertainment holding company founded on December 6, 1923 by Henry, Hillel and Herma ...

. The game reached the top of the UK

games charts, making it Melbourne House's most successful recent title. The studio then completed work on

and

PlayStation Portable The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed and marketed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on December 12, 2004, in North America on March 24, 2005, and in PA ...

ports of Eden's next-generation

Xbox 360 The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the Xbox (console), original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox#Consoles, Xbox series. It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detail ...

title '' Test Drive: Unlimited''. In December 2005, Atari decided to shift away from internal development, seeking to sell its studios, including Melbourne House. In November 2006,

acquired Melbourne House from

Atari Atari () is a brand name that has been owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. It is currently owned by French holding company Atari SA (formerly Infogrames) and its focus is on "video games, consumer hardware, licensing and bl ...

and was renamed to Krome Studios Melbourne. It was closed on 15 October 2010, along with the main Brisbane office. Next to the game development, Beam Software also had the division Smarty Pants Publishing Pty Ltd., that created software titles for kids, as well as the proprietary video compression technology VideoBeam, and Famous Faces, a facial motion capture hardware and software solution.

Games

As Beam Software

* 1982: ''Strike Force'' (TRS-80), '' Hungry Horace'', '' Horace Goes Skiing'', '' Horace and the Spiders'', ''

'', '' Penetrator'' (Commodore 64, Microbee, Timex Sinclair 2068, TRS-80, ZX Spectrum) * 1983: ''H.U.R.G: High-Level User-Friendly Real-Time Games Designer'' (ZX Spectrum) * 1984: '' Castle of Terror'' (Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), ''

Hampstead Hampstead () is an area in London, England, which lies northwest of Charing Cross, located mainly in the London Borough of Camden, with a small part in the London Borough of Barnet. It borders Highgate and Golders Green to the north, Belsiz ...

'' (Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), '' Mugsy'' (ZX Spectrum), '' Sherlock'' (Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), ''Zim Sala Bim'' (Commodore 64) * 1985: ''

Gyroscope A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος ''gŷros'', "round" and σκοπέω ''skopéō'', "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining Orientation (geometry), orientation and angular velocity. It is a spinning wheel or disc in ...

'', '' Lord of the Rings: Game One'', '' Terrormolinos'', ''

'' (Acorn Electron, Amstrad CPC, BBC Micro, Commodore 16, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), ''Starion'' (Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum). * 1986: ''

Asterix and the Magic Cauldron ''Asterix and the Magic Cauldron'' is a computer game for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum home computers based on the popular French ''Asterix'' comic books. The game was released in 1986. In North America, the Commodore 64 version ...

'' (Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), ''Fist: The Legend Continues'' Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), ''

Judge Dredd Judge Joseph Dredd is a fictional character created by writer John Wagner and artist Carlos Ezquerra. He first appeared in the second issue of the British weekly anthology Comic book, comic ''2000 AD (comics), 2000 AD'' (1977). He is the magazi ...

'' (Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), ''Knuckle Busters'' (Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), '' Mugsy's Revenge'', ''

Rock'n Wrestle ''Rock'n Wrestle'' is a professional wrestling video game released in 1985 for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad and Commodore 64 8-bit home computers, and as ''Bop'N Wrestle'' in 1986 for DOS by Mindscape. Reception Rick Teverbaugh reviewed the game f ...

'' * 1987: '' Inspector Gadget and the Circus of Fear'' (Amstrad CPC, BBC Micro, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), '' Shadows of Mordor'' (Amstrad CPC, Apple II, Commodore 64, Macintosh, MS-DOS, ZX Spectrum), ''

Street Hassle ''Street Hassle'' is the eighth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released in February 1978 by Arista Records. Richard Robinson and Reed produced the album. It is the first commercially released pop album to employ binaural r ...

'' (Commodore 64, MS-DOS, ZX Spectrum) * 1988: '' Samurai Warrior: The Battles of Usagi Yojimbo'' (Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), ''

'' (Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum) * 1989: ''

720° ''720°'' is a 1986 sports video game developed and published by Atari Games for arcades. Based on the action sport of skateboarding, the player controls a skateboarder as they compete in various skating competitions, such as ramp jumping and d ...

'' (NES), ''

Back to the Future ''Back to the Future'' is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson. Set in 1985 ...

'' (NES), ''

Bad Street Brawler ''Bad Street Brawler'', originally released for home computers as ''Bop'n Rumble'' in North America and as ''Street Hassle'' in Europe, is a 1987 video game by Beam Software. Versions were released for the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64 and MS-DOS ...

'' (NES), ''Aussie Games'' (Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum), Sgt. Slaughter’s Mat Wars (Commodore 64) * 1990: '' Back to the Future Part II & III'' (NES), ''

Dash Galaxy in the Alien Asylum ''Dash Galaxy in the Alien Asylum'' is a platform game for the Nintendo Entertainment System, developed by Beam Software and published by Data East, released in 1990 exclusively in North America. Gameplay The player takes the role of Dash Galaxy ...

'' (NES), '' Fisher-Price: Perfect Fit'' (NES), ''

Boulder Dash Boulder Dash may refer to: * ''Boulder Dash'' (video game), a 1984 video game * Boulder Dash (roller coaster), a wooden roller coaster See also * Balderdash (disambiguation) {{Disambig ...

'' (Game Boy), '' NBA All-Star Challenge'' (Game Boy), ''

The Punisher The Punisher (Francis "Frank" Castle, born Castiglione) is an antihero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Gerry Conway and artists John Romita Sr. and Ross Andru. The Punisher mad ...

'' (NES), ''Road Blasters'' (NES), ''

Bigfoot Bigfoot (), also commonly referred to as Sasquatch (), is a large, hairy Mythic humanoids, mythical creature said to inhabit forests in North America, particularly in the Pacific Northwest.Example definitions include: *"A large, hairy, manlike ...

'' (NES), ''

Battle Chess ''Battle Chess'' is a video game version of chess with 2.5D graphics and fighting animations showing the result of one piece moving onto the square of another. It was developed and released by Interplay Entertainment for the Amiga in 1988 and po ...

'' (NES) * 1991: '' Choplifter II'' (Game Boy), '' Hunt for Red October'' (Game Boy, NES), ''

Smash TV ''Smash TV'' is a 1990 arcade video game created by Eugene Jarvis and Mark Turmell for Williams Electronics Games. It is a twin-stick shooter in the same vein as 1982's '' Robotron: 2084'', which was co-created by Jarvis. The Super Nintendo Ent ...

'' (NES), ''Family Feud'' (NES), ''

J. R. R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan ''J. R. R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan'' is a computer video game from 1991 based upon the fictional War of the Ring set in the Middle-earth world created by J. R. R. Tolkien, centered in The Lord of the Rings novels. The massive-scale simulation ...

'' (MS-DOS), ''

'' (NES), ''

Power Punch II ''Power Punch II'' is a boxing video game developed by Beam Software for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and originally released in North America in June 1992. The game puts the player in the role of Mark Tyler, an undefeated heavyweight c ...

'' (NES), ''

Star Wars ''Star Wars'' is an American epic film, epic space opera media franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the Star Wars (film), eponymous 1977 film and Cultural impact of Star Wars, quickly became a worldwide popular culture, pop cu ...

'' (NES) * 1992: ''

'' (NES), ''

'' (NES), '' T2: The Arcade Game'' (Game Boy), '' NBA All-Star Challenge 2'' (Game Boy), ''Tom and Jerry'' (Game Boy), ''Super Smash TV'' (SNES), ''

George Foreman's KO Boxing ''George Foreman's KO Boxing'' is a sports video game produced by Acclaim Entertainment, Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Three years later, Acclaim released another game with Foreman: ''Foreman For Real''. Gameplay In ...

'' (Game Boy) * 1993: ''

'' (Game Boy), ''We're Back BC'' (Game Boy), ''Agro Soar'' (Game Boy), '' Blades of Vengeance'' (Genesis), ''

NFL Quarterback Club ''NFL Quarterback Club'' is an American football video game series that was published by Acclaim Entertainment, Acclaim. Games The games in the series include: *''NFL Quarterback Club (video game), NFL Quarterback Club'' *''NFL Quarterback Club ...

'' (Game Boy), ''

Radical Rex ''Radical Rex'' is a 1994 platform game developed by Beam Software for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), Sega Genesis, and Sega CD. Published by Activision in North America and in Europe by Laser Beam Entertainment, it is a remake o ...

'' (Genesis), ''

'' (SNES), ''

MechWarrior ''MechWarrior'' is a series of video games set in the fictional universe of ''BattleTech''. Games Within the ''MechWarrior'' games, players take control of a single BattleTech technology#BattleMechs, BattleMech and combat other BattleMechs, ...

'' (SNES), ''Super High Impact'' (Genesis, SNES), ''Tom and Jerry - Frantic Antics'' (Genesis) * 1994: '' Choplifter III'' (SNES), '' The Simpsons: Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness'' (Game Boy), ''

'' (SNES), '' Super Smash TV'' (GG, SMS), ''Solitaire FunPak'' (Game Boy), ''Stargate'' (Game Boy), '' Super International Cricket'' (SNES), '' WCW: The Main Event'' (Game Boy) * 1995: ''

True Lies ''True Lies'' is a 1994 American action comedy film written and directed by James Cameron. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as Harry Tasker, a U.S. government agent, who struggles to balance his double life as a spy with his familial duties, ...

'' (Game Boy, Genesis, SNES); ''

The Dame Was Loaded ''The Dame Was Loaded'' is a first-person point-and-click adventure game for MS-DOS and Macintosh created by Australian developer Beam Software (now Krome Studios Melbourne). It was published in 1996 by Philips Interactive Media. Gameplay The ga ...

'' (Macintosh, MS-DOS) * 1995: ''

'' (PC port), '' Cricket 96'' (MS-DOS) * 1996: ''5 in One Fun Pak'' (GG); ''

WildC.A.T.S Wildcats, sometimes rendered WildCats or WildC.A.T.s, is a superhero team created by the American comic book artist Jim Lee and writer Brandon Choi. The comic was published in various formats from 1992 through 2022. It also formed the basis ...

'' (SNES) * 1997: ''Caesars Palace'' (PlayStation), '' Cricket 97'' (MS-DOS, Windows) * 1997: '' Krush, Kill 'n' Destroy'' (MS-DOS, Windows) * 1998: '' Dethkarz'' (Windows) * 1998: ''

NBA Action 98 ''NBA Fastbreak '98'' is a basketball simulator released for the Sony PlayStation in 1997. It takes place during the 1997-98 National Basketball Association season. It was published by Midway Games and GT Interactive. Originally announced under ...

'' (PC) * 1998: '' KKnD 2: Krossfire'' (PC, PlayStation) * 1999: ''

'' (PC)

As Infogrames Melbourne House/Atari Melbourne House

As Krome Studios Melbourne

References

External links

Official website
via

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including web ...

* {{Moby company , company=atari-melbourne-house-pty-ltd , name=Krome Studios Melbourne Australian companies established in 1980 Australian companies disestablished in 2010 Companies based in Melbourne Defunct video game companies of Australia Golden Joystick Award winners Video game development companies Video game companies established in 1980 Video game companies disestablished in 2010