''Etmopterus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of lantern sharks in the

squaliform The Squaliformes are an order of sharks that includes about 126 species in seven families. Members of the order have two dorsal fins, which usually possess spines, they usually have a sharp head, no anal fin or nictitating membrane, and five ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Etmopteridae. They are found in

deep sea The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of 200 metres (656 feet) or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes. Conditions within the deep sea are a combin ...

ecosystems of the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

, Indian and

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contine ...

Ecology

A number of species in this genus function as

host A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it. Host may also refer to: Places *Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County People * Jim Host (born 1937), American businessman * Michel Host ...

to the specialized

parasitic Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson ha ...

barnacle '' Anelasma squalicola'', which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts

nutrient A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi, and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excr ...

s from its bloodstream.

Species

There are currently 45 recognized species in this genus: * '' Etmopterus alphus''

Ebert Ebert is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include: * Alex Ebert (born 1978), lead singer for the band Ima Robot * Anton Ebert (1845–1896), Austrian painter * Beanie Ebert (1902–1980), American football player * Bla ...

, Straube, Leslie & Weigmann, 2016 (whitecheek lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus baxteri'' Garrick, 1957 (New Zealand lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus benchleyi''

Vásquez Vázquez (also spelled Vásquez, Vasques), in non-Spanish-speaking countries often spelled as Vazquez or Vasquez, is an originally Galician language, Galician surname, in use not only in Galicia (Spain), Galicia but all over the Spanish-speaking wo ...

& D. J. Long, 2015 (ninja lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus bigelowi'' Shirai &

Tachikawa 250px, Showa Memorial Park is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 184,383 in 93,428 households, and a population density of 7600 persons per km2. The total area of the cit ...

, 1993 (blurred lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus brachyurus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (short-tail lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus brosei''

, Leslie & Weigmann, 2021 * '' Etmopterus bullisi'' Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957 * ''

Etmopterus burgessi ''Etmopterus burgessi'', sometimes known as the broad-snout lanternshark, is a lanternshark of the family Etmopteridae in the order Squaliformes. It is found only around Taiwan. Etymology The shark is named in honor of George H. Burgess of th ...

'' Schaaf-Da Silva &

, 2006 * '' Etmopterus carteri'' S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (cylindrical lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus caudistigmus''

Last A last is a mechanical form shaped like a human foot. It is used by shoemakers and cordwainers in the manufacture and repair of shoes. Lasts typically come in pairs and have been made from various materials, including hardwoods, cast iron, and ...

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (tail-spot lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus compagnoi'' R. Fricke &

Koch Koch may refer to: People * Koch (surname), people with this surname * Koch dynasty, a dynasty in Assam and Bengal, north east India * Koch family * Koch people (or Koche), an ethnic group originally from the ancient Koch kingdom in north east ...

, 1990Straube, N., Leslie, R.W., Clerkin, P.J., Ebert, D.A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2015)
On the occurrence of the Southern Lanternshark, ''Etmopterus granulosus'', off South Africa, with comments on the validity of ''E. compagnoi''.
''Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115: 11-17.'' * '' Etmopterus decacuspidatus'' W. L. Y. Chan, 1966 (comb-tooth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus dianthus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pink lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus dislineatus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 * '' Etmopterus evansi''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (black-mouth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus fusus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pygmy lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus gracilispinis'' G. Krefft, 1968 (broad-banded lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus granulosus The southern lanternshark (''Etmopterus granulosus'') is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found in the southeast Pacific between latitudes 29°S and 59°S, at depths of between 220 and 1,460 m. This species has been found off Northland, off ...

'' ( Günther, 1880) (southern lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus hillianus'' ( Poey, 1861) (Caribbean lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus joungi'' Knuckey,

& G. H. Burgess, 2011 (short-fin smooth lanternshark)Knuckey, J.D.S., Ebert, D.A. & Burgess, G.H. (2011)
''Etmopterus joungi'' n. sp., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 17 (2): 61-72.'' * '' Etmopterus lailae''

, Papastamatiou, Kajiura & Wetherbee, 2017 (Laila's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus litvinovi'' Parin & Kotlyar, 1990 (small-eye lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus lucifer The blackbelly lanternshark or lucifer shark, ''Etmopterus lucifer'', is a shark of the family Etmopteridae, found around the world in tropical to temperate seas, at depths between 150 and 1,250 meters. Its length is up to 47 centimeters. This s ...

'' D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1902 (black-belly lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus marshae''

& Van Hees (Marsha's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus molleri'' ( Whitley, 1939) (Moller's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus perryi'' S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (dwarf lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus polli'' Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (African lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus princeps'' Collett, 1904 (great lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (false lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus pusillus The smooth lanternshark or slender lanternshark (''Etmopterus pusillus'') is a species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae, found widely in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It inhabits benthic environments at a depth of , and pelagic en ...

'' ( R. T. Lowe, 1839) (smooth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus pycnolepis'' Kotlyar, 1990 (dense-scale lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus robinsi'' Schofield & G. H. Burgess, 1997 (West Indian lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus samadiae The Papuan lanternshark (''Etmopterus samadiae'') is a species of shark in the family Etmopteridae, found in areas of Papua New Guinea. Description The Papuan lanternshark is small and slender, with males at 26 cm, and females at 28 ...

'' W. T. White,

Mana According to Melanesian and Polynesian mythology, ''mana'' is a supernatural force that permeates the universe. Anyone or anything can have ''mana''. They believed it to be a cultivation or possession of energy and power, rather than being ...

& Corrigan, 2017 (Papuan lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus schultzi'' Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (fringe-fin lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sculptus''

, Compagno &

De Vries De Vries is one of the most common Dutch surnames. It indicates a geographical origin: "Vriesland" is an old spelling of the Dutch province of Friesland ( Frisia). Hence, "de Vries" means "the Frisian". The name has been modified to "DeVries", ...

, 2011 (sculpted lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sentosus''

Bass Bass or Basses may refer to: Fish * Bass (fish), various saltwater and freshwater species Music * Bass (sound), describing low-frequency sound or one of several instruments in the bass range: ** Bass (instrument), including: ** Acoustic bass gu ...

, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1976 (thorny lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sheikoi'' ( Dolganov, 1986) (rasp-tooth dogfish) * '' Etmopterus spinax'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoological ...

) (velvet-belly lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus splendidus'' Ka. Yano, 1988 (splendid lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus unicolor'' (

Engelhardt Engelhardt may refer to: Places *4217 Engelhardt, asteroid, named after geologist Wolf von Engelhardt * Engel'gardt, moon crater, named after astronomer Vasily Engelhardt *Engelhardt Ice Ridge, Antarctic feature, named after geophysicist Hermann En ...

, 1912) (bristled lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus viator'' Straube, 2011 (traveller lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus villosus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Hawaiian lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus virens The green lanternshark (''Etmopterus virens'') is a species of Squaliformes, dogfish shark in the family (biology), family Etmopteridae, found in the western central Atlantic Ocean. This species usually occurs on the upper continental slope below ...

'' Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (green lanternshark)

Extinct species

There are at least two extinct species found in ''Etmopterus''. * †'' Etmopterus acutidens'' Casier 1966 * †'' Etmopterus cahuzaci'' Adnet 2006

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2322953 Shark genera Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Ecology

Species

Extinct species

See also

References