''Ischyrus quadripunctatus''

Erotylidae, or the pleasing fungus beetles, is a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of
beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...
s belonging to
Cucujoidea
Cucujoidea is a superfamily of beetles. This group formerly included all of the families now included in the superfamily Coccinelloidea. They include some fungus beetles and a diversity of lineages of "bark beetles" unrelated to the "true" bark ...
containing over 100
genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...
. In the present circumscription, it contains 6 tribes (
Tritomini,
Dacnini,
Megalodacnini,
Erotylini,
Cryptophilini, and
Languriini) and 10 subfamilies (
Cryptophilinae,
Dacninae,
Encaustinae,
Erotylinae,
Languriinae,
Loberinae,
Megalodacninae,
Pharaxonothinae,
Tritominae, and
Xenoscelinae).
In other words, the narrowly circumscribed Erotylidae correspond to the subfamily Erotylinae in the definition ''
sensu lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...
''. There are doubts on the
monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ...
of lower ranked taxa within Erotylidae, with further phylogenetic studies requiring better sampling and studies of unexplored character sets, for example the metendosternite and penile flagellum, which are generally lacking detailed morphological studies within the Coleoptera literature. The Eroytlina taxonomy is based off traits such as their different colors and not off morphological differences like mouthparts, thorax, and abdominal terminalia (Pecci-Maddalena).
Erotylidae feed on
plant
Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all curr ...
and
fungal
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...
matter; some are important
pollinators (e.g. of the ancient
cycad
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or f ...
s), while a few have gained notoriety as
pest
Pest or The Pest may refer to:
Science and medicine
* Pest (organism), an animal or plant deemed to be detrimental to humans or human concerns
** Weed, a plant considered undesirable
* Infectious disease, an illness resulting from an infection
** ...
s of some significance. Sometimes, useful and harmful species are found in one
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
, e.g. ''
Pharaxonotha''. Most pleasing fungus beetles, however, are inoffensive animals of little significance to humans.
The oldests fossil is an undescribed specimen known from Early Cretaceous (
Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma ( million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is pre ...
)
Lebanese amber
Lebanese amber is fossilized resin found in Lebanon and southwest Syria. It dates back approximately 130-125 million years to the Barremian of the Early Cretaceous. It formed on what was then the northern coast of Gondwana, believed to be a tropic ...
.
Selected genera
These 160 genera belong to the family Erotylidae:
* ''
Acropteroxys''
Gorham, 1887 i c g b
* ''
Acryptophagus''
* ''
Aegithus''
Fabricius, 1801 g
* ''
Amblyopus''
Lacordaire, 1842 g
* ''
Amblyscelis''
Gorham, 1888
* ''
Anadastus''
Gorham, 1887 g
* ''
Apolybas''
Alvarenga, 1965 g
* ''
Atomarops''
Reitter
* ''
Aulacochilus''
Lacordaire, 1842
* ''
Bacis''
Dejean, 1836 g
* ''
Barytopus''
Chevrolat, 1836 g
* ''
Bolerus''
Grouvelle
* ''
Brachypterosa''
Zablotny & Leschen, 1996
* ''
Brachysphaenus
''Brachysphaenus'' is a genus of Pleasing Fungus Beetles in the family Erotylidae.PIOTR WÊGRZYNOWIC Morphology, phylogeny and classification of the family Erotylidae based on adult characters (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea)
References
Erotylida ...
''
* ''
Caenolanguria''
Gorham, 1887 g
* ''
Callischyrus''
* ''
Camptocarpus
''Camptocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae.
Its native range is Western Indian Ocean.
Species:
*'' Camptocarpus acuminatus''
*'' Camptocarpus cornutus''
*'' Camptocarpus crassifolius''
*'' Camptocarp ...
''
* ''
Cathartocryptus''
Sharp, 1886 i c g
* ''
Chinophagus''
Ljubarsky, 1997
* ''
Cladoxena''
Motschulsky
* ''
Cnecosa''
* ''
Coccimorphus''
Hope, 1841
* ''
Coelocryptus''
Sharp, 1900
* ''
Combocerus
''Combocerus'' is a genus of beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The ...
''
Bedel, 1868 g
* ''
Coptengis''
Crotch, 1876
* ''
Crotchia''
Fowler
* ''
Crowsenguptus''
* ''
Cryptodacne''
Sharp, 1878 g
* ''
Cryptophilus''
Reitter, 1874 i c g b
* ''
Cycadophila''
Xu, Tang & Skelley, 2015 g
* ''
Cypherotylus
''Cypherotylus'' is a genus of pleasing fungus beetles in the family Erotylidae. There are over 30 described species in ''Cypherotylus''. It frequently appears in the literature under the name "''Gibbifer''", but this name is permanently unava ...
''
Crotch, 1873
* ''
Cyrtomorphus
''Cyrtomorphus'' is a genus of pleasing fungus beetles (insects in the family Erotylidae). Species are found in the Far East Asia.
References
External links
''Cyrtomorphus''at insectoid.info
Erotylidae
Cucujoidea genera
{{Ero ...
''
Lacordaire, 1842 g
* ''
Cytorea''
* ''
Dacne''
Latrielle, 1796
* ''
Dactylotritoma''
Arrow, 1925 g
* ''
Dapsa''
* ''
Dasydactylus''
Gorham, 1887 i c g b
* ''
Doubledaya''
White, 1850 g
* ''
Ectrapezidera''
* ''
Ellipticus''
Chevrolat, 1836 g
* ''
Empocryptus''
Sharp
* ''
Encaustes''
Lacordaire, 1842 g
* ''
Epilanguria''
Fowler, 1908 g
* ''
Episcapha''
Dejean, 1837
* ''
Episcaphula''
Crotch
* ''
Erotylina''
Curran, 1944 g
* ''
Erotylus
''Erotylus'' is a genus of Pleasing Fungus Beetles in the family Erotylidae.
Species
*'' Erotylus cassidoides''
*'' Erotylus dichromostigma''
*'' Erotylus giganteus''
*'' Erotylus helopioides''
*'' Erotylus histrio''
*'' Erotylus incomparabili ...
''
Fabricius, 1775
* ''
Eutriplax''
Lewis, 1887
* ''
Fitoa''
* ''
Goniolanguria''
* ''
Haematochiton''
Gorham, 1888 i c g b
* ''
Hapalips''
Reitter, 1877 i c g b
* ''
Henoticonus''
Reitter, 1878
* ''
Hirsotriplax''
* ''
Hirsutotriplax''
Skelley, 1993 i c g b
* ''
Homoeotelus''
Hope, 1841
* ''
Hoplepiscapha''
Lea, 1922
* ''
Hornerotylus''
g
* ''
Iphiclus''
Chevrolat, 1836 g
* ''
Ischyrus''
Lacordaire, 1842 i c g b
* ''
Languria''
Latreille, 1802 i c g b
* ''
Languriomorpha
''Languriomiccolamia bicolor'' is a species of beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most ...
''
* ''
Langurites''
Motschulsky, 1860 i c g b
* ''
Lepidotoramus''
Leschen, 1997 i c g
* ''
Leucohimatium''
Rosenhauer, 1856
* ''
Ligurana''
Chûjô, 1974 g
* ''
Linodesmus''
Bedel, 1882
* ''
Loberogosmus''
Reitter
* ''
Loberolus''
* ''
Loberonotha''
Sen Gupta and Crowson, 1969 i c g
* ''
Loberopsyllus''
* ''
Loberoschema''
Reitter
* ''
Loberus''
LeConte, 1861 i c g b
* ''
Lobosternum''
Reitter, 1875 i c g
* ''
Lybanodes''
* ''
Lybas''
Lacordaire, 1842 g
* ''
Macromelea''
Hope
* ''
Macrophagus''
Motschulsky
* ''
Malleolanguria''
* ''
Megalodacne''
Crotch, 1873 i c g b
* ''
Megischyrus''
Crotch, 1873 g
* ''
Meristobelus''
* ''
Micrencaustes''
Crotch, 1875 g
* ''
Microlanguria''
Lewis
* ''
Microsternus''
Lewis, 1887 i c g b
* ''
Mimodacne
''Mimodacne'' is a genus of beetles in the family Erotylidae. It was described by Ernest Marie Louis Bedel in 1917.
This genus comprises some species previously included in Megalodacne but in which the club of the antenna is very large and marke ...
''
* ''
Mycetaea''
Stephens, 1829
* ''
Mycolybas''
Crotch, 1876
* ''
Mycophtorus''
Lacordaire, 1842 g
* ''
Mycotretus''
Lacordaire, 1842 i c g b
* ''
Neocladoxena''
Maeda, 1974 g
* ''
Neodacne''
Chûjô, 1976 g
* ''
Neoloberolus''
Leschen, 2003 i c g
* ''
Neopriotelus
''Neopriotelus'' is a genus of Erotylidae, the pleasing fungus beetle family.
Taxonomy
''Neopriotelus'' contains the following species:
* ''Neopriotelus equestris''
* ''Neopriotelus dejeani''
* ''Neopriotelus truncatus''
* ''Neopriotelus octom ...
''
Alvarenga, 1965 g
* ''
Neosternus''
Dai & Zhao, 2013 g
* ''
Neotriplax''
* ''
Neoxestus''
Crotch, 1875 g
* ''
Nomotus''
* ''
Oligocorynus''
Chevrolat, 1836 g
* ''
Oretylus''
Heller, 1920 g
* ''
Ortholanguria''
* ''
Othniocryptus''
Sharp, 1900
* ''
Pachylanguria''
Crotch, 1875 g
* ''
Paederolanguria''
Mader, 1939 g
* ''
Paphezia''
Zablotny & Leschen, 1996
* ''
Paracladoxena''
Fowler
* ''
Paraxonotha''
g
* ''
Pediacus''
* ''
Penolanguria''
Kolbe
* ''
Pharaxonotha''
Reitter, 1875 i c g b
* ''
Phricobacis''
Crotch, 1876 g
* ''
Platoberus''
Sharp
* ''
Prepopharus''
Erichson, 1847 g
* ''
Promecolanguria''
* ''
Protoloberus''
Leschen, 2003 i c g
* ''
Pselaphacus''
Percheron, 1835 g
* ''
Pselaphandra''
Jacobson, 1904
* ''
Pseudhapalips''
Champion
* ''
Pseudhenoticus''
Sharp
* ''
Pseudischyrus''
Casey, 1916 i c g b
* ''
Pseudotritoma''
Gorham, 1888 g
* ''
Rhodotritoma''
Arrow, 1925 g
* ''
Scaphengis''
Gorham, 1888 g
* ''
Scaphidomorphus
''Scaphidomorphus'' is a genus of beetles
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insect ...
''
Hope, 1841 g
* ''
Scaphodacne''
Heller, 1918
* ''
Scelidopetalon''
Delkeskamp, 1957 g
* ''
Setariola''
Jakobson, 1915 g
* ''
Sphenoxus''
Lacordaire, 1842 g
* ''
Spondotriplax''
Crotch, 1875 g
* ''
Stengita''
* ''
Stenodina''
* ''
Strongylosomus''
Chevrolat, 1836 g
* ''
Tapinotarsus''
Kirsch, 1865 g
* ''
Telmatoscius''* ''
Teretilanguria''
* ''
Tetralanguria''
Crotch, 1875 g
* ''
Tetraphala''
g
* ''
Tetratritoma''
Arrow, 1925 g
* ''
Thallis''
* ''
Thallisella''
Crotch
* ''
Thallisellodes''
Arrow, 1925 g
* ''
Tomarops''
Grouvelle, 1903
* ''
Toramus''
Grouvelle, 1916 i c g b
* ''
Trapezidera''
* ''
Trapezidistes''
Fowler, 1887 g
* ''
Trichotritoma''
* ''
Trichulus''
* ''
Triplacidea''
Gorham, 1901
* ''
Triplax''
Herbst, 1793 i c g b
* ''
Tritoma''
Fabricius, 1775 i c g b
* ''
Truquiella''
b
* ''
Typocephalus''
Chevrolat, 1837 g
* ''
Xenocryptus''
Arrow, 1929
* ''
Xenohimatium''
Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2012 g
* ''
Xenoscelinus''
Grouvelle, 1910 g
* ''
Xenoscelis''
Wollaston, 1864 g
* ''
Xestus''
Wollaston, 1864 g
* ''
Zavaljus
''Zavaljus'' is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Erotylidae.
The species of this genus are found in Northern Europe.
Species:
* ''Zavaljus brunneus'' (Gyllenhal, 1808)
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10394934
Erotylidae ...
''
Reitter, 1880 g* ''
Acropteroxys''
Gorham, 1887
* ''
Zonarius'' (= ''Oligocorynus'')
* ''
Zythonia''
Westwood, 1874
Data sources: i = ITIS,[ c = Catalogue of Life,][ g = GBIF,][ b = Bugguide.net]
References
*
*
*
*
External links
*
*
Key to the British species of family Erotylidae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1194119
Cucujoidea families