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Lake Surduc () is a dammed reservoir in the northwestern part of
The construction of the dam began in 1972, and the accumulation in 1976. In 1977 it reached almost 25 million m3 of water. The second stage began in 1981, being designed for the accumulation of a water volume of 51.08 million m3. The dam was built on the Gladna river, a left tributary of the upper Bega river, about 4 km upstream from the village of Surducu Mic. The dike is built of ripraps with a concrete mask. The ripraps and the several thousand cubic meters of concrete support 417 m3 of water/m3 of ripraps. The dam has a height of 36 m, with an opening at the crown of 130 m, the length of the lake being 4 km, the width 3 km, and the maximum depth 17.2 m. It is the narrowest dam in Romania, relative to the volume of water held. Lake Surduc supplies drinking and industrial water to Timișoara and can set in motion the turbines of a 2 MW micro-hydropower system.
Poiana Ruscă Mountains
The Poiana Ruscă Mountains (part of the Western Carpathians) are a Carpathian mountain range in western Romania. The mountains are situated roughly south of the Mureș River, northeast of the Timiș River, and west of the Strei River. The Beg ...
. It is located in Timiș County
Timiș () is a county (''județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical regions of Romania, historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Ro ...
, on the administrative territory of Fârdea
Fârdea (; ) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Drăgșinești, Fârdea (commune seat), Gladna Montană, Gladna Română, Hăuzești, Mâtnicu Mic and Zolt. Geography
Fârdea is located in the eastern extre ...
. It got its name from the nearby village of Surducu Mic. The lake largely ensures the drinking water supply of Timișoara
Timișoara (, , ; , also or ; ; ; see #Etymology, other names) is the capital city of Timiș County, Banat, and the main economic, social and cultural center in Western Romania. Located on the Bega (Tisza), Bega River, Timișoara is consider ...
and the surrounding area and protects it from flooding. As the water of the lake does not freeze, thousands of waterfowl take shelter here during the winter, the lake being a recreation area for fishermen, hunters and tourists. Lake Surduc has been an IUCN Category IV
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The enlisting of such areas is part ...
protected area
Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood ...
since 2000.Description
The construction of the dam began in 1972, and the accumulation in 1976. In 1977 it reached almost 25 million m3 of water. The second stage began in 1981, being designed for the accumulation of a water volume of 51.08 million m3. The dam was built on the Gladna river, a left tributary of the upper Bega river, about 4 km upstream from the village of Surducu Mic. The dike is built of ripraps with a concrete mask. The ripraps and the several thousand cubic meters of concrete support 417 m3 of water/m3 of ripraps. The dam has a height of 36 m, with an opening at the crown of 130 m, the length of the lake being 4 km, the width 3 km, and the maximum depth 17.2 m. It is the narrowest dam in Romania, relative to the volume of water held. Lake Surduc supplies drinking and industrial water to Timișoara and can set in motion the turbines of a 2 MW micro-hydropower system.
Protected area
Lake Surduc, in accordance with ''Timiș County Council Decision no. 19''/1995 and ''Law no. 5''/2000, was declared a protected natural area of national interest for the protection and conservation of ichthyofauna and avifauna. The identified natural habitats are: freshwater habitats,wetland
A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only seasonally. Flooding results in oxygen-poor ( anoxic) processes taking place, especially ...
s, grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other Herbaceo ...
s and scrubland
Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominance (ecology), dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbaceous plant, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally o ...
s, and forest
A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense ecological community, community of trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, ...
habitats. Faunal elements include: aquatic invertebrates, amphibians (''Bombina bombina
The European fire-bellied toad (''Bombina bombina'') is a species of fire-bellied toad native to eastern parts of mainland Europe, where it can be found near waterbodies such as ponds and marshes. It is known for its red colored belly used to wa ...
'', ''Hyla arborea
The European tree frog (''Hyla arborea'') is a small tree frog. As traditionally defined, it was found throughout much of Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but based on molecular genetic and other data several populations formerly included in it ...
'', ''Salamandra salamandra
The fire salamander (''Salamandra salamandra'') is a common species of salamander found in Europe.
It is black with yellow spots or stripes to a varying degree; some specimens can be nearly completely black while on others the yellow is dominant ...
''), reptiles (''Emys orbicularis
The European pond turtle (''Emys orbicularis''), also called commonly the European pond terrapin and the European pond tortoise, is a species of long-living freshwater turtle in the family Emydidae. The species is endemic to the Western Palearc ...
'', '' Natrix tessellata''), fish (carp
The term carp (: carp) is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family (biology), family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized game fish, quarries and a ...
, bream
Bream (, ) are species of freshwater fish belonging to a variety of genera including '' Abramis'' (e.g., ''A. brama'', the common bream), '' Ballerus'', '' Blicca'', '' Brama'', '' Chilotilapia'', '' Etelis'', '' Lepomis'', '' Gymnocranius'', ...
, zander
The zander (''Sander lucioperca''), sander or pikeperch, is a species of ray-finned fish from the Family (biology), family Percidae, which also includes perch, Gymnocephalus, ruffe and Darter (fish), darter. It is found in freshwater and brackis ...
, wels
Wels (; Central Bavarian: ''Wös'') is a city in Upper Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is the county seat of Wels-Land, and with a population of approximately 60,000, the List of cities and towns in Austria, eighth largest city in Aus ...
, pike
Pike, Pikes or The Pike may refer to:
Fish
* Blue pike or blue walleye, an extinct color morph of the yellow walleye ''Sander vitreus''
* Ctenoluciidae, the "pike characins", some species of which are commonly known as pikes
* ''Esox'', genus of ...
, chub
Chub is a common fish name. It pertains to any one of a number of ray-finned fish in several families and general. In the UK, the term ''chub'' usually refers to the species '' Squalius cephalus''. In addition, see sea chub.
In family Cyprinid ...
, perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus ''Perca'', which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from , meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (''P. fluviatilis'') ...
, rudd
''Scardinius'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. The fishes in this genus are commonly called rudds. Locally, the name "rudd" without ...
, goby
The Gobioidei are a suborder of percomorph fish. Many of these fishes are called gobies. It is by far the largest and most diverse order within the order Gobiiformes, and one of the most diverse groups of ray-finned fish in general.
The subord ...
), aquatic avifauna, especially wintering species and populations ('' Gavia stellata'', '' Ardea alba'', ''Ciconia ciconia
The white stork (''Ciconia ciconia'') is a large bird in the stork family, Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to en ...
'', ''Tachybaptus ruficollis
The little grebe (''Tachybaptus ruficollis''), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from Latin ...
'', ''Aythya ferina
The common pochard (; ''Aythya ferina''), known simply as pochard in the United Kingdom, is a medium-sized diving duck in the family Anatidae. It is widespread across the Palearctic. It breeds primarily in the steppe regions of Scandinavia and Si ...
'', '' Aythya fuligula'', '' Aythya nyroca'', ''Anas platyrhynchos
The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa. It has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Argen ...
'', ''Fulica atra
The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-bla ...
''), birds of prey
Birds of prey or predatory birds, also known as (although not the same as) raptors, are hypercarnivorous bird species that actively predation, hunt and feed on other vertebrates (mainly mammals, reptiles and smaller birds). In addition to speed ...
(''Buteo buteo
The common buzzard (''Buteo buteo'') is a medium-to-large bird of prey which has a large range. It is a member of the genus ''Buteo'' in the family Accipitridae. The species lives in most of Europe and extends its breeding range across much of th ...
'', '' Falco tinnunculus'', ''Falco peregrinus
The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known simply as the peregrine, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family (biology), family Falconidae renowned for its speed. A large, Corvus (genus), cro ...
'', ''Accipiter gentilis
The Eurasian goshawk (; ''Astur gentilis'', formerly ''Accipiter gentilis'') is a species of medium-large bird of prey in the Family (biology), family Accipitridae, a family which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzar ...
'', ''Circus aeruginosus
The western marsh harrier (''Circus aeruginosus'') is a large harrier, a bird of prey from temperate and subtropical western Eurasia and adjacent Africa. It is also known as the Eurasian marsh harrier. Formerly, a number of relatives were includ ...
'', '' Strix uralensis'', '' Athene noctua''), as well as passage species (''Coracias garrulus
The European roller (''Coracias garrulus'') is the only member of the Coraciidae, roller family breeding in Europe. Its range extends into the Maghreb, West Asia and Central Asia. It winters in southern Africa, primarily in dry wooded savanna and ...
'').
References
{{Reflist Geography of Timiș County Reservoirs in Romania