Lager Heuberg (Camp Heuberg) () is a

Bundeswehr The (, ''Federal Defence'') are the armed forces of the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany. The is divided into a military part (armed forces or ''Streitkräfte'') and a civil part, the military part consists of the four armed forces: Germ ...

quarters located in the southern corner of the '' Truppenübungsplatz Heuberg'' (Heuberg military training area) in (

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million i ...

), near the city of

Stetten am kalten Markt Stetten am kalten Markt (Stetten a.k.M.) is a municipality in the Sigmaringen district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Towns The towns of Nusplingen, Frohnstetten, Storzingen and Glashütte are part of Stetten am kalten Markt. History The area ...

. From March to December 1933 it was one of the first

Nazi concentration camps From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (), including subcamp (SS), subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first camps were established in March 1933 immediately af ...

. Among the inmates were

Kurt Schumacher Curt Ernst Carl Schumacher, better known as Kurt Schumacher (13 October 1895 – 20 August 1952), was a German politician and resistance fighter against the Nazis. He was chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany from 1946 and the fir ...

and

Fritz Bauer Fritz Bauer (16 July 1903 – 1 July 1968) was a German Jewish judge and prosecutor. He played an instrumental role in the post-war capture of former Holocaust planner Adolf Eichmann, and in bringing about the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials. Early ...

. At ''Truppenübungsplatz Heuberg'', about 3 kilometres from Lager Heuberg, the first vertical take-off manned rocket flight took place on 1 March 1945 and crashed, killing its pilot, Lothar Sieber, in the

Bachem Ba 349 The Bachem Ba 349 Natter () is a World War II German point-defence rocket-powered interceptor aircraft, interceptor, which was to be used in a very similar way to a manned surface-to-air missile. After a vertical take-off, which eliminated the n ...

"Natter" rocket.

History

*1910 XIV Armeekorps of the German Imperial Army establishes Lager Heuberg and the training camp *1914 POW camp *1917 5,000 soldiers and 15,000 POW's *1920–1933

Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allies of World War I, Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace ...

limits German Army to 100,000. Camp is converted into a children's home and hospital *1933 Converted into the first

concentration camp A concentration camp is a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or ethnic minority groups, on the grounds of national security, or for exploitati ...

in Württemberg/Baden, in use for 9 months *1934 Taken over by Reichswehr/

Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...

*1940 Camp for

Reichsarbeitsdienst The Reich Labour Service (''Reichsarbeitsdienst''; RAD) was a major paramilitary organization established in Nazi Germany as an agency to help mitigate the effects of unemployment on the Economy of Nazi Germany, German economy, militarise the wo ...

with 400 barracks *1940–41 Mobilisation camp for the 4th Mountain Division *1943–1945 ''

Indische Legion The Indian Legion (), officially the Free India Legion () or 950th (Indian) Infantry Regiment (), was a military unit raised during the Second World War initially as part of the German Army and later the ''Waffen-SS'' from August 1944. Intended ...

'', Division ''

Italia Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

'', 2nd Division of Russian Army of Liberation and Militia of

Vichy Vichy (, ; ) is a city in the central French department of Allier. Located on the Allier river, it is a major spa and resort town and during World War II was the capital of Vichy France. As of 2021, Vichy has a population of 25,789. Known f ...

, the ''

Franc-Garde The ''Franc-Garde'' () was the armed wing of the French ''Milice'' (Militia), operating alone or alongside German forces in major battles against the Maquis from late 1943 to August 1944. History The creation of the ''Franc-Garde'' was announc ...

'' *1945 1 March. First vertical take-off manned rocket flight, piloted by Luftwaffe lieutenant, Lothar Sieber, who was killed in the

"Natter" rocket *1945 22 April French troops arrive and free 20,000

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

POW's *1957 Newly founded

arrives *1976 Former hospital demolished *1997 French 3rd Regiment of Dragoons leaves after 51 years During 1962–1963, U.S. troops (357th Artillery Detachment) are reputed to have kept nuclear warheads at Lager Heuberg that would have been issued for the use of French

Nike-Hercules Missile The Nike Hercules, initially designated SAM-A-25 and later MIM-14, was a surface-to-air missile (SAM) used by U.S. and NATO armed forces for medium- and high-altitude long-range air defense. It was normally armed with the W31 nuclear warhead, bu ...

units had a war with the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

occurred.www.usarmygermany.com web page on U.S. special artillery units.
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German units recently quartered at Lager Heuberg

*Panzerpionierkompanie 550 *Artilleriebataillon 295 *Feldjägerbataillon 452 *Zentrum für Kampfmittelbeseitigung der Bundeswehr *Truppenübungsplatzkommandantur Heuberg *5. Kompanie (schwer) / Jägerbataillon 292 *V. und VI. Inspektion ABC/Se Schule Sonthofen *Sanitätszentrum Stetten a.k.M. *Bundeswehrdienstleistungszentrum Stetten am kalten Markt

References

Literature

*Markus Kienle: ''Das Konzentrationslager Heuberg bei Stetten am kalten Markt''. Klemm & Oelschläger, 1998, {{Authority control Barracks in Germany Nazi concentration camps in Germany Sigmaringen (district) German Army installations