''Labeobarbus'' is a mid-sized
ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and t ...
. Its
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
are widely distributed throughout eastern
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
and especially
southern Africa
Southern Africa is the southernmost region of Africa. No definition is agreed upon, but some groupings include the United Nations geoscheme for Africa, United Nations geoscheme, the intergovernmental Southern African Development Community, and ...
, but also in
Lake Tana
Lake Tana (; previously transcribed Tsana) is the largest lake in Ethiopia and a source of the Blue Nile. Located in Amhara Region in the north-western Ethiopian Highlands, the lake is approximately long and wide, with a maximum depth of , and ...
in
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
. A
common name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...
, in particular for the southern species, is yellowfish. The
scientific name
In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...
refers to the fact that these large
barb
Barb or the BARBs or ''variation'' may refer to:
People
* Barb (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname
* Barb, a term used by fans of Nicki Minaj to refer to themselves
* The Barbs, a band
Places
* Barb, ...
s recall the fairly closely related "
carp
The term carp (: carp) is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family (biology), family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized game fish, quarries and a ...
s" in the genus ''
Labeo
''Labeo'' is a genus of carps in the family Cyprinidae. They are found in freshwater habitats in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia.
It contains the typical labeos in the subfamily Labeoninae, which may not be a valid group, howeve ...
'' in size and shape. As far as can be told, all ''Labeobarbus'' species are
hexaploid
Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than two paired sets of ( homologous) chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two complete sets of chromosomes, one fro ...
.
[de Graaf ''et al.'' (2007), IUCN (2009)] One species, ''
L. microbarbis'' from
Rwanda
Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ...
, is known to have gone
extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
in recent times.
Systematics
Like many other "barbs", it was long included in ''
Barbus
''Barbus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The type species of ''Barbus'' is the common barbel, first described as ''Cyprinus barbus'' and now named ''Barbus barbus''. ''Barbus'' is the namesake genus of the subfamily Ba ...
''. It appears to be a fairly close relative of the typical
barbel
Barbel may refer to:
*Barbel (anatomy), a whisker-like organ near the mouth found in some fish (notably catfish, loaches and cyprinids) and turtles
*Barbel (fish), a common name for certain species of fish
**''Barbus barbus'', a species of cyprini ...
s and relatives – the genus ''Barbus'' proper – but closer still to the large
Near East
The Near East () is a transcontinental region around the Eastern Mediterranean encompassing the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The term was invented in the 20th ...
ern species nowadays separated in ''
Carasobarbus
''Carasobarbus'', the himris, is a small genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae. Its species are found in rivers, streams, lakes and ponds in Western Asia and Northwest Africa. ''C. canis'' can reach in total length, but most other ...
''. ''Barbus'' has been split to account for the improved
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
knowledge which indicated it was highly
paraphyletic
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...
in its wide circumscription; it may be that ''Carasobarbus'' and some other closely related "barbs" (e.g. ''
Labeobarbus reinii
The giant Atlas barbel (''Atlantor reinii'') was a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It was the only species in the genus ''Atlantor'' but it is now thought to be extinct.
It was previously considered to be fairly close to the c ...
'') are now included in ''Labeobarbus'' to avoid a profusion of very small genera.
[de Graaf ''et al.'' (2007)]
The
taxonomy
image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...
of many species in the "
wastebin genus" ''Barbus'' has recently been re-evaluated. Though
hybrid
Hybrid may refer to:
Science
* Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding
** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species
** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...
introgression may confound studies based in
mtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in ...
data alone, a number of these species appear to be so closely related to ''Labeobarbus'' as to warrant inclusion in the present genus outright, irrespective of whether ''Carasobarbus'' is considered distinct or not. These include ''
L. ethiopicus''.
Species
''Labeobarbus'' at present contains the following
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
:
* ''
Labeobarbus acuticeps
''Labeobarbus acuticeps'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
It is found in Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania.
Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, and inland deltas.
It is threatened by habit ...
''
( Matthes, 1959)
* ''
Labeobarbus acutirostris
''Labeobarbus'' is a mid-sized ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae. Its species are widely distributed throughout eastern Africa and especially southern Africa, but also in Lake Tana in Ethiopia. A common name, in particular for the s ...
'' (
Bini, 1940)
* ''
Labeobarbus aeneus
The smallmouth yellowfish (''Labeobarbus aeneus'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Labeobarbus''. It has become an invasive species in rivers of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, such as the Mbhashe River.
Introduction
The Orange-Va ...
''
( Burchell, 1822) (Smallmouth yellowfish)
* ''
Labeobarbus altianalis''
(Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Boulenger (born 1990), French footballer
* Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), British zoologist, director of aquarium at London Zoo
* George Albert Boulenger (1858– ...
, 1900) (Ripon barbel)
* ''
Labeobarbus altipinnis
''Labeobarbus altipinnis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to the Lufira River
The Lufira River is a tributary of the Lualaba River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
The Lufira rises in the ...
''
(Banister
A handrail is a rail that is designed to be grasped by the hand so as to provide safety or support. In Britain, handrails are referred to as banisters. Handrails are commonly used while ascending or descending stairways and escalators in order t ...
& Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1973)
* ''
Labeobarbus ansorgii''
(Boulenger, 1906)
* ''
Labeobarbus aspius''
(Boulenger, 1912)
* ''
Labeobarbus axelrodi
''Labeobarbus axelrodi'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and ...
''
( Getahun, Stiassny & Teugels, 2004)
* ''
Labeobarbus batesii''
(Boulenger, 1903)
* ''
Labeobarbus beso''
( Rüppell, 1835) (African scraping feeder)
* ''Labeobarbus boulengeri''
Emmanuel J. W. M. N. Vreven, Vreven, Tobias Musschoot, Musschoot, Jos Snoeks, Snoeks & Ulrich K. Schliewen, Schliewen, 2016
* ''Labeobarbus brauni'' (
Jacques Pellegrin, Pellegrin, 1935)
* ''Labeobarbus brevicephalus''
(Leopold Adrianus Jacobus Nagelkerke, Nagelkerke & Ferdinand A. Sibbing, Sibbing, 1997)
* ''Labeobarbus brevispinis''
(Maximillian Holly, Holly, 1927)
* ''Labeobarbus bynni''
(Johan Christian Fabricius, Fabricius, 1775)
* ''Labeobarbus cardozoi''
(Boulenger, 1912)
* ''Labeobarbus caudovittatus''
(Boulenger, 1902)
* ''Labeobarbus clarkeae''
(Banister, 1984)
* ''Labeobarbus claudinae''
(Luc De Vos (ichthyologist), De Vos & Dirk Frans Elisabeth Thys van den Audenaerde, Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990)
* ''Labeobarbus codringtonii''
(Boulenger, 1908) (Upper Zambezi yellowfish)
* ''Labeobarbus compiniei''
(Henri Émile Sauvage, Sauvage,1879)
* ''Labeobarbus crassibarbis''
(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)
* ''Labeobarbus dainellii''
(Bini, 1940)
* ''Labeobarbus dartevellei''
(Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1945)
* ''Labeobarbus dimidiatus''
(Denis Tweddle, Tweddle & Paul H. Skelton, P. H. Skelton, 1998)
* ''Labeobarbus ensifer''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus ensis''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus ethiopicus''
(Giacomo Zolezzi, Zolezzi, 1939)
* ''Labeobarbus fimbriatus''
(Holly, 1926)
* ''Labeobarbus gananensis''
(Decio Vinciguerra, Vinciguerra, 1895)
* ''Labeobarbus gestetneri''
(Banister & Roland G. Bailey, R. G. Bailey, 1979)
* ''Labeobarbus girardi''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus gorgorensis''
(Bini, 1940)
* ''Labeobarbus gorguari''
( Rüppell, 1835)
* ''Labeobarbus gruveli''
(Pellegrin, 1911)
* ''Labeobarbus gulielmi''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus habereri''
(Franz Steindachner, Steindachner, 1912)
* ''Labeobarbus huloti''
(Banister, 1976)
* ''Labeobarbus humphri''
(Banister, 1976)
* ''Labeobarbus intermedius''
(Rüppell, 1835)
* ''Labeobarbus iphthimostoma''
(Banister & Poll, 1973)
* ''Labeobarbus iturii''
(Holly, 1929)
* ''Labeobarbus jaegeri'' (
Holly, 1930)
* ''Labeobarbus johnstonii''
(Boulenger, 1907)
* ''Labeobarbus jubae''
(Banister, 1984)
* ''Labeobarbus jubbi''
(Poll, 1967)
* ''Labeobarbus kimberleyensis''
(John Gilchrist (zoologist), Gilchrist & William Wardlaw Thompson, W. W. Thompson, 1913) (Largemouth yellowfish)
* ''Labeobarbus lagensis''
(Günther, 1868)
* ''Labeobarbus latirostris''
(Ludwig Keilhack, Keilhack, 1908)
* ''Labeobarbus leleupanus''
(Matthes, 1959)
* ''Labeobarbus lobogenysoides''
(Pellegrin, 1935)
* ''Labeobarbus longidorsalis''
(Pellegrin, 1935)
* ''Labeobarbus longifilis''
(Pellegrin, 1935)
* ''Labeobarbus longissimus''
(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)
* ''Labeobarbus lucius''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus lufupensis'' (
Banister & Bailey, 1979)
* ''Labeobarbus macroceps''
(Henry Weed Fowler, Fowler 1936)
* ''Labeobarbus macrolepidotus''
(Pellegrin, 1928)
* ''Labeobarbus macrolepis''
(Georg Johann Pfeffer, Pfeffer, 1889)
* ''Labeobarbus macrophtalmus''
(Bini, 1940)
* ''Labeobarbus malacanthus''
(Paul Pappenheim, Pappenheim, 1911)
* ''Labeobarbus marequensis''
(Andrew Smith (zoologist), A. Smith 1841) (Largescale yellowfish)
* ''Labeobarbus mariae''
(Holly, 1926)
* ''Labeobarbus matris''
(Holly, 1928).
* ''Labeobarbus mawambiensis''
(Steindachner, 1911)
* ''Labeobarbus mbami''
(Holly, 1927)
* ''Labeobarbus megastoma''
(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)
* ''Labeobarbus micronema''
(Boulenger, 1904)
* ''Labeobarbus mirabilis''
(Pappenheim, 1914)
* ''Labeobarbus mungoensis''
(Ethelwynn Trewavas, Trewavas, 1974)
* ''Labeobarbus nanningsi''
Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort, de Beaufort, 1933
* ''Labeobarbus natalensis''
(François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau, Castelnau, 1861) (Scaly yellowfish)
* ''Labeobarbus nedgia''
Rüppell, 1835
* ''Labeobarbus nelspruitensis''
(Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1911) (Incomati chiselmouth)
* ''Labeobarbus nthuwa'' T
weddle & Skelton, 2008
* ''Labeobarbus nzadimalawu''
Vreven, Musschoot, Eva Decru, Decru, Soleil Wamuini Lunkayilakio, Lunkayilakio, Kevin Obiero, Obiero, Alexander F. Cerwenka, Cerwenka & Schliewen, 2018.
* ''Labeobarbus nzadinkisi''
Vreven, Musschoot, Decru, Lunkayilakio, Obiero, Cerwenka & Schliewen, 2018.
* ''Labeobarbus osseensis''
(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 2000)
* ''Labeobarbus oxyrhynchus''
(Pfeffer, 1889) (Pangani barb)
* ''Labeobarbus pagenstecheri''
(Johann Gustav Fischer, J. G. Fischer, 1884)
* ''Labeobarbus parawaldroni''
(Christian Lévêque, Lévêque, Thys van den Audenaerde & Kassoum Traoré, Traoré, 1987)
* ''Labeobarbus pellegrini''
(Léon Bertin, Bertin & Rolande Estève, Estève, 1948)
* ''Labeobarbus petitjeani''
(Jacques Daget, Daget, 1962)
* ''Labeobarbus platydorsus''
(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)
* ''Labeobarbus platyrhinus''
(Boulenger, 1900)
* ''Labeobarbus platystomus''
(Pappenheim, 1914) (Rwandese carp)
* ''Labeobarbus pojeri''
(Poll, 1944)
* ''Labeobarbus polylepis''
(Boulenger, 1907) (Smallscale yellowfish)
* ''Labeobarbus progenys''
(Boulenger, 1903)
* ''Labeobarbus pungweensis''
(Reginald Arthur Jubb, Jubb, 1959) (Pungwe chiselmouth)
* ''Labeobarbus rhinoceros''
(Hugh Copley, Copley, 1938) (Rhinofish)
* ''Labeobarbus rhinophorus''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus robertsi''
(Banister, 1984)
* ''Labeobarbus rocadasi''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus rosae''
(Boulenger, 1910).
* ''Labeobarbus roylii''
(Boulenger, 1912)
* ''Labeobarbus ruandae''
(Pappenheim, 1914)
* ''Labeobarbus ruasae''
(Pappenheim, 1914)
* ''Labeobarbus ruwenzorii''
(Pellegrin, 1909)
* ''Labeobarbus sacratus''
(Daget, 1963)
* ''Labeobarbus sandersi''
(Boulenger, 1912)
* ''Labeobarbus seeberi''
(Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1913) (Clanwilliam yellowfish)
* ''Labeobarbus semireticulatus''
(Pellegrin, 1924)
* ''Labeobarbus somereni''
(Boulenger, 1911)
* ''Labeobarbus stappersii''
(Boulenger, 1915)
* ''Labeobarbus steindachneri''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus stenostoma''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus surkis''
(Rüppell, 1835)
* ''Labeobarbus tornieri''
(Steindachner, 1906)
* ''Labeobarbus trachypterus''
(Boulenger, 1915)
* ''Labeobarbus tropidolepis''
(Boulenger, 1900)
* ''Labeobarbus truttiformis''
(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)
* ''Labeobarbus tsanensis''
(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997))
* ''Labeobarbus upembensis''
(Banister & Bailey, 1979)
* ''Labeobarbus urotaenia''
(Boulenger, 1913)
* ''Labeobarbus varicostoma''
(Boulenger, 1910)
* ''Labeobarbus versluysii''
(Holly, 1929)
* ''Labeobarbus werneri''
(Holly, 1929)
* ''Labeobarbus wittei''
(Banister & Poll, 1973)
* ''Labeobarbus wurtzi''
(Pellegrin, 1908)
* ''Labeobarbus xyrocheilus''
(Tweddle & Skelton, 1998)
Footnotes
References
*
* (2007): Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small ''Barbus'' species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation. ''Animal Biology (journal), Anim. Biol.'' 57(1): 39–48.
(HTML abstract)
* (2009):
2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species'. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2193181
Labeobarbus,
Torinae
Taxa named by Eduard Rüppell
Cyprinidae genera