Kutlug I Bilge Boyla Khagan, also known by his throne name Qutlugh Bilge Kül Qaghan (骨咄禄毗伽阙可汗, ''Gǔduōlù Píjiā Quē Kèhán''), and in Chinese sources the personal name of Yaoluoge Yibiaobi (藥羅葛逸标苾) was the

khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Middle Mongol:; or ''Khagan''; ) or zh, c=大汗, p=Dàhán; ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of empire, im ...

Uyghur Khaganate The Uyghur Khaganate (also Uyghur Empire or Uighur Khaganate, self defined as Toquz-Oghuz country; , Tang-era names, with modern Hanyu Pinyin: or ) was a Turkic empire that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. It ...

, the successor state of the

Second Turkic Khaganate The Second Turkic Khaganate was a khaganate in Central and Eastern Asia founded by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks that lasted between 682–744. It was preceded by the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (552–630) and the early Tang dynasty period ( ...

, from 744 to 747 AD.

Service in Second Turkic Khaganate

His title was Külüg Boyla (''Guli Peiluo'' - 骨力裴罗) during

. He was a son of Yaoluoge Hushu (trad. 藥羅葛護輸; simp. 药罗葛护输). His father was the chieftain of Yaglakar clan and made numerous raids into

Tang China The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

. At one point he was able to ambush

Jiedushi The ''jiedushi'' (, Old Turkic: Tarduş) or jiedu, was a regional military governor in China; the title was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissi ...

Wang Junchuo (王君㚟) killing him and wounding Niu Xianke in 727. He succeeded his father at some point after 727. After Bilge Qaghan died, a factional struggle arose within the ruling Ashina clan. An alliance of

Basmyl The Basmyls (''Basmyl''; Basmals, Basmils, , , Middle Chinese ZS: *''bˠɛt̚-siɪt̚-miɪt̚/mˠiɪt̚/miᴇ''; or as 弊剌 ''Bìlà'', MC *''bjiejH-lat'')Golden, Peter B. ''An Introduction to the History of Turkic Peoples'', p. 142-143 were a ...

Uyghurs The Uyghurs,. alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central Asia and East Asia. The Uyghurs are recognized as the ti ...

and

Karluks The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, , Qarluq, Para-Mongolic languages, Para-Mongol: Harluut, zh, s=葛逻禄, t=葛邏祿 ''Géluólù'' ; customary phonetic: ''Gelu, Khololo, Khorlo'', , ''Khallokh'', ''Qarluq'') were a prominent no ...

overthrew Göktürks and in the spring of 745 killed the last Ozmish Qaghan. At first, the Basmyl chief was elected a Kaghan titled Eletmish Kaghan (742—744), but he was soon overthrown by the allies, who elected Kutlug Boyla as Kutlug Bilge Kaghan.

Reign

After coming to power in 744, Kutlug Bilge Khagan moved his court to Khar Balgas ( Ordu-Baliq) in the Orkhon valley. In foreign policy, Kutlug Bilge Kaghan maintained alliance with the Tang China. He was created Prince of Fengyi (奉义王) and Huairen Khagan (怀仁可汗). In 745 Uighurs defeated last Turkic Khagan Baimei Khagan (744 - 745), and Kutlug Bilge Kaghan ordered to send his head to Chang'an, after which the Tang Emperor generously thanked him with entitling him "Supernumerary General-in-chief of Left Courageous Guard" (左骁卫员外大将军). For the next two years, the Uighur power continuously expanded, although its control did not reach the size of the Turkic Khaganate. He died in 747 and left his son Tay Bilge Tutuq as heir to throne, however his other son Bayanchur Khan was killed him and usurped the throne. He had another son – Tun Bagha Tarkhan who later rose to be a khagan as well.

Reorganized tribes

At first he proclaimed himself as ''Tokuz Oghuz khagan'' (). Nine tribes included Dokuz Oghuz (nine Oghuz tribes), which were the Khaganal clan/sub-tribe Yaglakar () and eight Uighur clans/sub-tribes known in Chinese rendering: # ''Huduoge'' 胡咄葛 # ''Guluowu'' 啒罗勿 # ''Mogexiqi'' 貊歌息讫 # ''A-Wudi'' 阿勿嘀 # ''Gesa'' 葛萨 # ''Huwasu'' 斛嗢素 # ''Yaowuge'' 藥勿葛 # ''Xiyawu'' 奚牙勿 According to Edwin Pulleybank six Tiele tribes in the confederation - Bugu (僕固), Hun (渾), Bayegu (拔野古), Tongluo (同羅), Sijie (思結) and Qibi (契苾) had an equal status with the Uighurs (迴紇); the reduced

s numbered eight sub-tribes, and

had three sub-tribes, thus the collective appellation Üç-Karluk (''Three Karluks''). Later the Abusi (阿布思) and Gulunwugu(si) (骨崙屋骨 �� were also added (Tang Huiyao manuscript has 骨崙屋骨恐 Guluwugukong, yet Ulrich Theobald (2012) amends 恐 (''kong'') to 思 (''si'') & proposes that 屋骨思 transcribed Oğuz). Basmyls and Karluks were defeated by the Jiu Xing and forcibly incorporated, had a lower status, and were staged as vanguard of the Uighur army, thus bringing the total number of tribes to eleven. According to Haneda (1957), Toquz Oğuz were the Yaglakar-led group of nine clans included in the Uighur tribe. In contrast, Golden (1992) proposed that Toquz Oğuz consisted of Uygur-led group comprising nine tribes: Bugu, Hun, Bayegu, Tongluo, Sijie, Qibi, A-Busi, Gulunwugusi and the Uyghur proper, which comprised the nine clans of Yaglakar, Huduoge, Guluowu, Mogexiqi, AWudi, Gesa, Huwasu, Yaowuge, and Xiyawu.Golden, P.B. (1992) ''An Introduction the History of Turkic Peoples'' p. 156-157 The Shine Usu inscription mentioned that the Yaqlakar ruled over the On-Uyğur (Ten

Tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Uyghur) and Toquz Oghuz (Nine

Tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Oghuz). Meanwhile, noticing that Tang Huiyao called the nine groups, led by Yaglakar, "surname-tribes" (姓部 ''xìngbù'') while ''

Old Book of Tang The ''Old Book of Tang'', or simply the ''Book of Tang'', is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdo ...

'' and the ''

New Book of Tang The ''New Book of Tang'', generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the So ...

'' called the other nine groups, led by Uyghurs, "tribes" (部落 ''bùluò''), Japanese scholars Hashimoto, Katayama, and Senga propose that the Tang Huiyao's list contained the names of the Toquz Oghuz tribes proper, while each name in the two lists in the Books of Tang recorded each surname of each of nine subtribal chiefs.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kutlug 01 Bilge Kagan Yaglakar clan 747 deaths 8th-century monarchs in Asia Year of birth unknown Founding monarchs in Asia Tengrist monarchs Uyghur khagans