Kuhmareyi Language
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Kuhmareyi () is one of the languages of southwestern Fars. It is a cluster of disparate dialects; the one illustrated here is the Davani dialect (Davani: ''devani''; , transliteration: Davāni) of the village of Davan, 12 kilometers north of
Kazerun Kazerun () is a city in the northwest of Fars Province in Iran and the center of Kazerun County. This city has an ancient history, numerous ancient and historical monuments, and numerous tourist attractions. Kazerun is the largest and most p ...
city in southern
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
. Davani had an estimated 1,000 speakers in 2004.Salami, A., 1383 AP / 2004 AD. Ganjineye guyeššenâsiye Fârs (The treasury of the dialectology of Fars). First Volume, The academy of Persian language and literature

(in Persian)


Phonology

The transcription used here is only an approximation.Mahamedi, H., 1982
The story of Rostam and Esfandiyâr in an Iranian dialect
''Journal of the American Oriental Studies'', 102.3, 451-459.


Vowels

short: a, e, i, o, u
long: â, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū


Consonants

*
voiced dental fricative The voiced dental fricative is a consonant sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the ''th'' sound in ''father''. Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is eth, or and was taken from the Old Engl ...
: ð, generally after vowels, like in, 'bað' (bad). *
voiced velar fricative The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in most varieties of Modern English but existed in Old English. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents ...
: γ, like in "γal'ati" (shroud). *
alveolar trill The voiced alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental consonant, dental, alveolar consonant, alveolar, and postalveolar consonant, postalve ...
: like in 'borrâ' (flail). *
palatalization Palatalization may refer to: *Palatalization (phonetics), the phonetic feature of palatal secondary articulation *Palatalization (sound change) Palatalization ( ) is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulati ...
: inclination for 'g' and 'k' before front vowels, like in 'bega' (say). *
voiceless alveolar affricate A voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are several typ ...
: ts, like in 'tse' (what), and
voiced Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants). Speech sounds can be described as either voiceless (otherwise known as ''unvoiced'') or voiced. The term, however, is used to refe ...
dz, like in andzi (fig).


Grammar


Verbs

Davani is ergative in past transitive constructions. For example (Persian transliterations are in UniPers): English: Hasan saw Ali in the garden.
Persian: Hasan,      Ali-râ tuye bâq did.
Davani:  hasan-eš   ali-a   tu    bâγ di. Infinitive markers include ''-san'', ''-tan'', ''-dan'', ''-ðan''.


Nouns

The suffix ''-aku'' makes nouns definite. For example: ''bard'' "stone" → ''bard-aku'' "the stone" The plural is marked by the suffix ''-gal''. ''-u'' is exceptionally used for "man". For example: ''sēv'' "apple" → ''sēv-gal'' "apples"
''merd'' "man" → ''merd-u'' "men"


Pronouns


Vocabulary


Example sentences


See also

* Lari dialect *
Dialects of Fars Dialects of Fars are a group of Southwestern Iranian dialects spoken in the central Fars province. The southwestern dialects can be divided into three families of dialects according to geographical distribution and local names: Southwestern ('' ...
*
Persian dialects and varieties Persian ( ), also known by its endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken ...
*
Southwestern Iranian languages The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median. Languages The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southweste ...
*
Iranian languages The Iranian languages, also called the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau. The Iranian langu ...


References


Further reading

*Morgenstierne, G., 1960. Stray notes on Persian dialects, II, Fârs Dialects-Davâni. ''Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap'', XIX, 123–129. *Hasamzada-Haqiqi, C., 1970
Guyeše Davâni
(Davani Dialect), in ''Proceedings of the First Congress of Iranian Studies''. Tehran University, 77–98. *Mahamedi, H., 1979. On the verbal system in three Iranian dialects of Fârs, in ''Studia Iranica'', VIII, 2, 277–297. *Salami, A., 1381 AP / 2002 AD. Farhange guyeše Davâni (The Dictionary of Davani dialect). The academy of Persian language and literature

(in Persian). *Pierre Lecoq. 1989. Les dialectes du sud-ouest de l'Iran. In Rüdiger Schmitt (ed.), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, 341-349. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert. In French.


External links

*
Davani sayings
{{Iranian languages Fars province Languages of Iran Southwestern Iranian languages Endangered Iranian languages