Kshetrayya

Kshetrayya (–1680) was a prolific Telugu poet. He lived in the area of Andhra Pradesh in South India. He composed a number of ''padams'' and ''keertanas'', the prevalent formats of his time. He is credited with more than 4000 compositions, although only a handful have survived. He composed his songs on his favourite deity Krishna (Gopala) in Telugu.

He was born to Telugu Brahmin family in a village called Movva (or Muvva), Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh. His parents named him Varadayya. Because of his habit of traveling from one place to another singing his songs at temples, he came to be called ''Kshetragna'' or ''Kshetrayya'' (one who travels). He married to Mohanangi (who is a Devadasi). Learned his music from guru VenkaTamakhi (author of 72-melakartha scheme).

He perfected the ''padam'' format that is still used today. His ''padams'' are sung in dance (Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi) and music recitals. A unique feature of his padams is the practice of singing the '' anupallavi'' first then the '' pallavi'' (second verse followed by first verse). Most of the padams are of the theme of longing for the coming of the Lord Krishna.

He wrote with Sringara as a main theme in expressing ''madhurabhakti'' (devotion to the supreme). Sringara is a motif where the mundane sexual relationship between a Nayaki (woman) and a Nayaka (man) is used as a metaphor, denoting the yearning of jeeva (usually depicted as the Nayaki) to unite with the divine (usually depicted as the man). In most of his compositions, Kshetrayya has used the '' mudra'' (signature) "Muvva Gopala" as a reference to himself, which is also a name for the Lord Krishna in Kshetrayya's village Muvva in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh State, now called as Movva.

Kshetrayya's work has played a major role in influencing poetry, dance, music of the South Indian tradition. Kshetrayya was intimately connected with the devadasi women of the temples of south India, who were the subject of many of his compositions. The devadasis traditionally possessed the musical/poetic interpretations of his work for a long period till the devadasi system was abolished and the compositions became more accepted in the musical community as valuable works of art. The musical community owes a lot to the legendary Veena Dhanammal, T. Brinda, T. Muktha, T. Balasaraswathi and T. Jayammal, who popularized Kshetrayya's songs with their beautiful musical interpretation.

Kshetrayya's padams now form an integral part of the dance and musical traditions of South India, where his songs are rendered purely as musical works or as accompaniments to dance.

Telugu film

'' Mahakavi Kshetrayya'' is a 1976 Telugu film produced by Anjali Pictures and starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Anjali Devi. The film's soundtrack was sung by V. Ramakrishna and composed by P. Adinarayana Rao.

Biographic novel

The life of Kshetragna is depicted in the novel ''Bliss Of Life'' by M. V. Rama Sarma, professor of English and former vice chancellor, S.V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is translated into Telugu with the title ''Kshetrayya''.

References

* Prof. M. V. Rama Sarma
Kṣetrayya, the poet-musician
retrieved as on 26 July 2015

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Performers of Hindu music
Year of birth uncertain
1680 deaths
Carnatic composers
Telugu poets
17th-century Indian musicians
Bharatanatyam
17th-century Indian poets
Kuchipudi
Telugu-language writers
Musicians from Andhra Pradesh
17th-century Indian composers
Indian male poets
Indian male classical musicians
Indian male composers
Poets from Andhra Pradesh
17th-century male musicians