Kraasna is an extinct dialect of
South Estonian
South Estonian, or Võro-Seto, is a Finnic language spoken in south-eastern Estonia, encompassing the Tartu, Mulgi, Võro and Seto dialects. Diachronically speaking, Estonian and South Estonian are in separate branches of the Finnic langua ...
that was spoken in Russia by the
Kraasna Estonians who were immigrants to the area. The last native speaker likely died before
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, but it was still spoken in the 1930s.
Kraasna was documented by
Oskar Kallas (along with
Ludza
Ludza (; , , , , ''Ludza'') is a town in the Latgale region of eastern Latvia. Ludza is the oldest town in Latvia and this is commemorated by a key in its coat of arms. Ludza is the administrative centre of Ludza Municipality that is located near ...
).
The linguistic
enclave
An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is so ...
was south of the Russian city of
Pskov
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=Ru-Псков.oga, p=psˈkof; see also Names of Pskov in different languages, names in other languages) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov O ...
.
The Kraasna dialect was first discovered in the year 1849 when
Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald ( – ) was an Estonians, Estonian writer and the author of the national epic ''Kalevipoeg''.
Life
Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald's parents were born at the Jõepere, Jömper estate, Governorate of Estonia, Russia ...
sent a letter to A.J. Brandt. The Kraasna Estonians arrived to the area at the end of the 16th century which was close to eastern
Seto
Seto may refer to:
Places
*Seto, Aichi, production place of Japanese pottery and venue of Expo 2005
* Seto, Ehime, facing the Seto Inland Sea
* Seto, Okayama, adjacent to Okayama, in Okayama Prefecture
*Seto Inland Sea of Japan
*Setomaa (''Seto ...
, but had slight influence from
Võro
Võro may refer to:
* Võro people, an ethnic group of Estonia
* Võro language, a language belonging to the Baltic-Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages of Estonia
* Võro Institute, the governing organization of the Võro language
* Õil ...
. The Kraasna dialect had an
abessive
In linguistics, abessive (abbreviated or ), caritive (abbreviated ) and privative (abbreviated ) is the grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun. In English, the corresponding function is expressed by the preposition '' ...
suffix -ldA and the translative marker -st which are linked to Seto.
Example
See also
*
Leivu dialect
*
Ludza dialect
References
External links
Recording of Kraasna
South Estonian language
Extinct languages of Europe
Languages extinct in the 1930s
{{Russia-stub