The term

kodecyte A kodecyte (ko•de•cyte) is a living cell that has been modified (koded) by the incorporation of one or more function-spacer-lipid constructs (FSL constructs) to gain a new or novel biological, chemical or technological function. The cell is ...

is used to describe cells with detectable Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) constructs, and in concert, the term kodevirion (pronounced co-da-virion), is used to describe

virion A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky ...

s with detectable FSL constructs. The method for labeling virions with FSL constructs is simple, non covalent and only involves incubation of the virion with the FSL construct in saline for a few hours – nothing further is required. The FSL construct will spontaneously, stably and quantitatively incorporate into the virion membrane. Virions have been labelled with

fluorescent Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore a lower photon energy, th ...

(FSL-FLRO4) and

radioactive iodine There are 37 known isotopes of iodine (53I) from 108I to 144I; all undergo radioactive decay except 127I, which is stable. Iodine is thus a monoisotopic element. Its longest-lived radioactive isotope, 129I, has a half-life of 15.7 million year ...

(FSL-125I). FSL-FLRO4 could be shown to label virions in a dose dependent manner and could be visualized by

flow cytometry Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the fl ...

either directly, or indirectly if the virion had bound to the cell or fused with the cell membrane. FSLs do not appear to significantly affect the virions

infectivity In epidemiology, infectivity is the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection. More specifically, infectivity is a pathogen's capacity for horizontal transmission — that is, how frequently it spreads among hosts that are not in a parent ...

or their ability to bind target cells, probably because they integrate into the membrane without exposing the virion to chemical agents or covalent modification.

References

{{reflist, refs= {{cite journal, vauthors=Heathcote D, Carroll T, Wang JJ, Flower R, Rodionov I, Tuzikov A, Bovin N, Henry S , title=Novel antibody screening cells, MUT+Mur kodecytes, created by attaching peptides onto erythrocytes, journal= Transfusion, doi=10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02480.x, volume=50, issue=3, pages=635–641, year=2010, pmid=19912581, s2cid=20952307 {{cite journal, author=Henry S, title=Modification of red blood cells for laboratory quality control use, journal=Current Opinion in Hematology, doi=10.1097/MOH.0b013e328331257e, volume=16, issue=6, pages=467–472, year=2009, pmid=19680123, s2cid=37416831 {{cite journal, vauthors=Oliver C, Blake D, Henry S , title=In vivo neutralization of anti-A and successful transfusion of A antigen incompatible red cells in an animal model, journal=Transfusion , doi=10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03184.x, year=2011, pmid=21599675, volume=51, issue=12, pages=2664–75, s2cid=205724219 ,{{cite journal, vauthors=Oliver C, Blake D, Henry S, journal=Transfusion , volume=51 , issue=8 , pages=1723–1730 , doi=10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.03034.x, year=2011, pmid=21303367, title=Modeling transfusion reactions and predicting in vivo cell survival with kodecytes , s2cid=24736518 and in concert, the term kodevirion (pronounced co-da-virion), is used to describe

s with detectable Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) constructs. {{cite journal, vauthors=Hadac EM, Federspiel MJ, Chernyy E, Tuzikov A, Korchagina E, Bovin NV, Russell S, Henry SM , title=Fluorescein and radiolabeled Function-Spacer-Lipid constructs allow for simple in vitro and in vivo bioimaging of enveloped virions, journal= Journal of Virological Methods, volume=176, issue=1–2, pages=78–84, year=2011, doi=10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.005, pmid=21703308 {{cite journal, vauthors=Blake DA, Bovin NV, Henry SM , title=FSL Constructs: A simple method for modifying cell/virion surfaces with a range of biological markers without affecting their viability, issue=54 , page=e3289, journal=Journal of Visualized Experiments, year=2011, doi=10.3791/3289, pmid=21847082 , pmc=3211133 Biochemistry Biotechnology Laboratory techniques Molecular biology techniques

See also

References