Kobar

Kobar () is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northern West Bank. Kobar is located at an altitude of above sea level with a mean annual rainfall of 669.8 mm. The average annual temperature is 16 °C and the average annual humidity is approximately 61%.

Since 1996, Kobar has been governed by a village council which is currently administrated by 11 members appointed by the Palestinian National Authority. There are two further employees working in the council; the village council owns a permanent headquarters and is included within a Joint Services Council for neighboring localities.

Location

Kobar located north of Ramallah. It is bordered by Burham to the east, Jibiya and Umm Safa to the north, al-Ittihad to the west, and al-Zaitounah and Bir Zeit to the south.Kobar Village Profile
ARIJ, p. 4

History

According to the Kobar Village Council, the name "Kobar" means "the place where the gypsum was" on account of it once containing abundant gypsum deposits.

Potsherds from the Iron Age, Persian/Hellenistic, Byzantine, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk periods have been found in the village. The oldest sherds were found on the north and south slopes of the village, while Byzantine sherds were found on the west side.Finkelstein et al, 1997, pp. 397-398

Ottoman era

Kobar, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village was located in the ''Nahiya'' of Quds of the '' Liwa'' of Quds. The population was 31 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3% on wheat, barley, vineyards, fruit trees, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives; a total of 4,000 akçe. Potsherds from the early Ottoman period has also been found here.

In 1838, it was noted as ''Kubar'', a Muslim village in the ''Bani Zeid'' district, north of Jerusalem.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p
125
/ref>

In 1863 the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village. He noted it had 600 inhabitants, and a mosque dedicated to a Sheikh Ahmed. An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed ''Kobar'' with a population of 220, in 48 houses, though the population count included men, only.

In 1882, the PEF's '' Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described Kobar as a "small village on a hill-top, with rock-cut tombs, and a tank, surrounded by olives."

In 1896 the population of ''Kubar'' was estimated to be about 444 persons.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kubar had a population of 447; 444 Muslims and 3 ChristiansBarron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p
16
/ref> where the Christians were all Orthodox.Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p
45
/ref> This had increased by the time of the 1931 census to 546, all Muslim, in 122 houses.Mills, 1932, p
49

In 1922, Tawfiq Canaan documented local traditions linking two springs to spirits. 'En el-Qubbeh was believed to be the dwelling place of es-sitt Zenab, who reportedly inflicted consequences on any unclean woman approaching the spring, resulting in permanent loss of menstruation or the death of one of her children. Another spring, 'en esh-Sharqiyeh, was said to be home to es-sitt Fattumeh, who was observed engaging in prayer at the site.

In the 1945 statistics the population was 610, all Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p
26
/ref> while the total land area was 9,678 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 3,512 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,434 for cereals, while 33 dunams were classified as built-up areas.

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements