Knut Aukland (28 March 1929 – 24 January 2014) was a Norwegian

physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a subdiscipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and ...

. He made significant contributions to

renal physiology Renal physiology (Latin language, Latin ''renes'', "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney. This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodiu ...

, particularly in fields of renal blood flow measurement and regulation and transcapillary

fluid balance Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body ...

, through his studies of blood circulation in the kidneys.

Education

Aukland finished his secondary in

Mandal A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka () is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative c ...

in 1948 and took the

Candidate of Medicine Candidate of Medicine ( (male), ''candidata medicinae'' (female), abbreviated cand. med.) is an academic degree awarded in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway following a six-year medical school education. The degree can also be written as ''candidatus ...

degree at the

University of Bergen The University of Bergen () is a public university, public research university in Bergen, Norway. As of 2021, the university had over 4,000 employees and 19,000 students. It was established by an act of parliament in 1946 consolidating several sci ...

in 1954.

Medical career

Knut Aukland began his career as a

research fellow A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a p ...

at Ullevål Hospital in 1958, and was a researcher the rest of his career, except for a year as a physician from 1961 to 1962. He then worked at the

National Institute of Health The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in 1887 and is part of the United States Department of Health and Human Servic ...

Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda () is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Located just northwest of Washington, D.C., it is a major business and government center of the Washington metropolitan region ...

. Back in Norway he took the Doctor Medicinae degree in 1965 with the thesis ''Studies on intrarenal circulation with special reference to gas exchange''. Aukland was a professor at the

from 1970. He became an honorary member of the

American Physiological Society The American Physiological Society is a non-profit professional society for physiologists. It has nearly 10,000 members, most of whom hold doctoral degrees in medicine, physiology, or other health professions. Its mission is to support research ...

in 1982, fellow of the

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway. History The Royal Frederick University in Christiania was establis ...

from 1986 and won the Fridtjof Nansen Excellent Research Award in Science in 2002.

Publications

* ''Renal oxygen tension'' (sm.m. J. Krog), i ''Nature,'' vol. 188, London 1960, p. 671 * ''Renal sodium transport and oxygen consumption'' (sm.m. F. Kiil og H. Refsum), i ''American Journal of Physiology,''vol. 201, Bethesda 1961, pp. 511–516 * ''Measurement of local blood flow with hydrogen gas'' (sm.m. B. F. Bower og R. W. Berliner), i ''Circulation Research'', vol. 14, Hagerstown 1964, pp. 164–187 * ''Studies on intrarenal circulation with special reference to gas exchange'',

PhD A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...

UiO, 1965 * ''Tubular salt and water transport in hydrated dogs studied with push-flow technique'' 1966 * ''Effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline, angiotensin and renal nerve stimulation on intrarenal distribution of blood flow in dogs'', i ''Acta Physiologica Scandinavica'', vol. 72, Stockholm 1968, p. 498–509 * ''Protein concentration of interstitial fluid collected from rat skin by a wick method'' (sm.m. H. O. Fadnes), ibid. vol. 88, Stockholm 1973, pp. 350–358 * ''A colloid osmometer for small fluid samples'' (sm.m. H. M. Johnsen), ibid. vol. 90, Stockholm 1974, pp. 485–490 * ''Effect of L-NAME on glomerular filtration rate in deep and superficial layers of rat kidneys'' 1997 * ''Micropuncture measurement of interstitial fluid pressure in rat subcutis and skeletal muscle: Comparison to wick-in-needle technique'' (sm.m. H. Wiig og R. K. Reed), i ''Microvascular Research,'' vol. 21, New York, 1981, pp. 308–319 * ''Skimming of microspheres in vitro: implications for measurement of intrarenal blood flow'' 1981 * ''Interstitial fluid volume: local regulatory mechanisms.,'' (sm.m. G. Nicolaysen), i ''Physiolological Reviews,'' vol. 61, Baltimore 1981, pp. 556–643 * ''Protein concentration of lymph and interstitial fluid in the rat tail'' 1984 * ''Hemodynamics and interstitial fluid pressure in the rat tail'' 1984
Renal autoregulation: models combining tubuloglomerular feedback and myogenic response
1987 * ''Measurement of interstitial fluid pressure in dogs: evaluation of methods'' 1987 * ''Distribution volumes and macromolecular mobility in rat tail tendon interstitium'' 1991 * ''Interstitial-lymphatic mechanisms in the control of extracellular fluid volume'' (sm.m. R. K. Reed), ibid. vol 73, Baltimore 1993, pp. 1–78 * ''Repeatable measurement of local and zonal GFR in the rat kidney with aprotinin'' (sm.m. O. Tenstad og H. E. Williamson), i ''Acta Physiologica Scandinavica,'' vol. 152, London 1994, pp. 21–31 * ''Renal cortical interstitium and fluid absorption by peritubular capillaries'' 1994 * ''Autoregulation of zonal glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats'' 1995 * ''Interstitial exclusion of macromolecules studied by graded centrifugation of rat tail tendon'' 1997 * ''Distribution spaces for hyaluronan and albumin in rat tail tendons'' 2001
Isolation of interstitial fluid from rat mammary tumors by a centrifugation method
2002 * ''Odd E. Hanssen and the Hanssen method for measurement of single-nephron glomerular filtration rate'' UiB, Bergen 2001

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aukland, Knut 1929 births 2014 deaths People from Lindesnes People from Vigmostad University of Bergen alumni Norwegian expatriates in the United States Academic staff of the University of Bergen

Knut Knut ( Norwegian and Swedish), Knud ( Danish), or Knútur ( Icelandic) is a Scandinavian and German first name, of which the anglicised form is Canute. In Germany both "Knut" and "Knud" are used. In Spanish and Portuguese Canuto is used which ...

Norwegian physiologists Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters