The Knox Cube Imitation Test (KCIT, or CIT, or KCT) was developed as a nonverbal
intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as t ...
test developed by Dr.
Howard Andrew Knox, a medical officer at
Ellis Island
Ellis Island is an island in New York Harbor, within the U.S. states of New Jersey and New York (state), New York. Owned by the U.S. government, Ellis Island was once the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United State ...
. It was first published as a pamphlet in 1913, and then in 1914 as a paper in the
Journal of the American Medical Association
''JAMA'' (''The Journal of the American Medical Association'') is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association. It publishes original research, reviews, and editorials covering all aspects of ...
.
Knox wrote:
There were several other tests presented in his paper besides the cube test. In the cube test, 4 black 1" cubes were placed in a row, each cube separated by 4 inches from its neighbors. The test administrators takes a smaller cube and taps on the 4 1" cubes in increasingly complicated sequences. The test subject is requested, sometimes only by sign language, to repeat the sequence. If the cubes are numbered 1 through 4, the sequences in order are:
:a. 1,2,3,4
:b. 1,2,3,4,3
:c. 1,2,3,4,2
:d. 1,3,2,4,3
:e. 1,3,4,2,1
and so on.
Knox suggested that sequence a (1-2-3-4) is reasonable for a child of 4 years of age, sequence b (1-2-3-4-3) is suitable for a 5-year-old, sequence c (1-2-3-4-2) can be accomplished by a 6-year-old, sequence d (1-3-2-4) can be done by the average 8-year-old, and copying sequence e (1-3-4-2-3-1) is expected by most 11-year-olds. Some of these sequences were repeated as part of other published tests such as Arthur (1947) and
Wright & Stone (1979).{{Fact, date=February 2007
Performance on the Knox Cube Imitation Test is correlated with both verbal
IQ and performance IQ.
''Knox's cube imitation test : A historical review and an experimental analysis''
John T. E. Richardson, Brain and cognition, 2005, vol. 59, no2, pp. 183-213 ISSN 0278-2626
See also
* Henry H. Goddard
*Vineland Training School
The Vineland Training School is a non-profit organization in Vineland, New Jersey with the mission of educating people with developmental disabilities so they can live independently. It has been a leader in research and testing.
The Training Sch ...
*Simon (game)
''Simon'' is an electronic game of short-term memory skill invented by Ralph H. Baer and Howard J. Morrison, working for toy design firm Marvin Glass and Associates, with software programming by Lenny Cope. The device creates a series of ton ...
*N-back
The n-back task is a continuous performance task that is commonly used as an assessment in psychology and cognitive neuroscience to measure a part of working memory and working memory capacity.Gazzaniga, Michael S.; Ivry, Richard B.; Mangun, Geo ...
Notes
External links
''Knox's "Cube Imitation" Test'', from ''Knox's "Cube Imitation" Test Knox, H.A. …'', John Michael Linacre, Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1999, 13:3 p. 708
Intelligence tests
Cognitive tests