Klepariv (, , ), is a suburb of

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. The Yanivsky cemetery in Klepariv was founded in 1883. Klepariv has a railway station.Lvov
Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

History

The earliest record of Klepariv dates to the 13th century, when

Daniel of Galicia Daniel Romanovich (1201–1264) was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Prince of Volhynia, Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264). B ...

built fortifications in the area to better defend

against the

Tatar Tatar may refer to: Peoples * Tatars, an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" * Volga Tatars, a people from the Volga-Ural region of western Russia * Crimean Tatars, a people from the Crimea peninsula by the B ...

s. It was named for the German nobleman Ganko Klepper, who bought the rights to distribute beer on ''Krakowskie Przedmieście'' in Lviv. The original name of Klepperhof eventually became Polonized to Kleparów. Between 1535 and 1560 the community became known for its good soils, ponds and grapes, which brought it fame along with its bleached linens. In the middle of the century residents cultivated and grew the widely-exported Griotte de Kleparow (''Sour Cherry of Kleparów''). An iron gate was installed in the middle of the 19th century; in 1908 a

tram A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which Rolling stock, vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some ...

ran through Kleparów. From the middle of the 19th century to the early 1940s a portion of Kleparów had a large Jewish population. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, between 1941 and 1943, when Ukraine was under Nazi occupation, Klepariv became a

ghetto A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished than other ...

. Hunger, malnutrition,

scurvy Scurvy is a deficiency disease (state of malnutrition) resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Early symptoms of deficiency include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. Without treatment, anemia, decreased red blood cells, gum d ...

typhus Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposu ...

and

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can al ...

were common. Much of the district was destroyed when the Jewish population was deported to death camps.

Landmarks

*Mound of Executions (, ) Located at the foot of a hill between the House of Invalids and Kleparivska Street. Criminals were executed here for two centuries. In 1847 two Polish nationalists, Teofil Wisniewski and Josef Kapuscinski, were hanged here for organizing an anti-Austrian uprising. The city's vice-mayor, Michal Michalski, led the effort to have the small marble obelisk placed on the site in 1895. It sits on a large stone pedestal with a memorial plaque sculpted by Yulian Markovski. The park was later named for Wisniewski. In 1914, during

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, the Austrians executed many

Ukrainian Russophiles Galician Russophilia () or Moscophilia (, ''Moskvofily'') was a cultural and political movement largely in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary (currently western Ukraine). This ideology emphasized that since the Eastern S ...

on the site for their open sympathies, and sometimes spying for, Russia, Austria's enemy in that conflict. The park was thus renamed Partisan Park during the Soviet era. *Krakiv (''Krakow'') Market, erected in the 1950s on the site of a synagogue destroyed by the Nazis. *Rappaport. Until 1939 it was Bet Chulim, a Jewish hospital. During the Soviet era it was divided into three separate hospitals. The building was designed by Ivan Levinsky in the

Moorish Revival Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticism, Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mi ...

architectural style An architectural style is a classification of buildings (and nonbuilding structures) based on a set of characteristics and features, including overall appearance, arrangement of the components, method of construction, building materials used, for ...

and decorated with many Eastern and Jewish symbols, similar to many well-known synagogues in

Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

. *40 and 40-a Zolota: Before 1940 this was the home stadium of Jewish football club

Hasmonea Lwów Hasmonea Lwów was a Poland, Polish-Jewish sports club based in the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine). Created in 1908 in Austria-Hungary, it was the first sports club exclusively for Jewish members. It was named after the Hasmonean royal dynasty. ...

. During the Soviet period it was home to Torpedo. In the 1980s it was the site of an electronics black market. *4 Zolota: Before the Soviet era it was the city orphanage. Since then it has been a hostel for the Lviv Institute of Economics and Tourism. *8 Zolota: Galician campus of the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management and hostel for the Lviv Cooperative College of Economics and Law. *3 Shveds'ka: Lviv perfumery and cosmetics factory. *16 Baturyns'ka: Headquarters of the Western Operating Command (formerly headquarters of the

Carpathian Military District The Red Banner Carpathian Military District (, ) was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces during the Cold War and subsequently of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the early Post-Soviet period. It was established on 3 May 1946 on the ...

). *11 Veteraniv: Before the Soviet period, Seminary No. 6; since then, Musical-Pedagogical School No. 2 and incomplete Ukrainian Middle School No. 53. *20 Bazarna: Institute of Pipeline Construction during the Soviet era; when it went bankrupt following Ukraine's independence it was converted into a trade pavilion. *2 Leontovycha: Coeducational St. Anne's School before the Soviet era, Russian Elementary School No. 5 and Middle School No. 23 and Olympic-reserve sports school during it, and since then Lvov's regional Ukrainian legal gymnasium.

History

Landmarks

See also

References

Further reading