Kiều Công Tiễn (

chữ Hán ( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...

: 矯公羡) (870 - 938) was a general in the court of

Dương Đình Nghệ Dương Đình Nghệ (Chữ Hán: 楊廷藝; pinyin: ''Yáng Tíngyì''; 874 – March 937; some sources record Dương Diên Nghệ, Chữ Hán: 楊延藝) was the jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân in around 931 AD. He was a skillful, talented gen ...

, a

Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overseas Vietnamese, Vietnamese people living outside Vietna ...

Jiedushi The ''jiedushi'' (, Old Turkic: Tarduş) or jiedu, was a regional military governor in China; the title was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissi ...

Tĩnh Hải quân Tĩnh Hải quân or Jinghai Circuit ( Chinese: 靜海軍, pinyin: Jìnghǎi Jūn) (literally "Peaceful Sea Army"), also known as Annan or An Nam (), was an administrative division of the Tang dynasty of China administered by Chinese governors, ...

who took over the position in 931. In 937, Kiều Công Tiễn assassinated the Jiedushi to seize his position and thus provoked a revolt led by

Ngô Quyền Ngô Quyền ( vi-hantu, 吳權) (April 17, 898 – February 14, 944), often referred to as Tiền Ngô Vương (前吳王; "First King of Ngô"), was a warlord who later became the founding king of the Ngô dynasty of Vietnam. He reigned fro ...

who sought revenge his lord and father-in-law Dương Đình Nghệ. In response to the attack, Kiều Công Tiễn appealed to Liu Yan, the emperor of

Southern Han Southern Han ( zh , t = 南漢 , p = Nán Hàn , j=Naam4 Hon3; 917–971), officially Han ( zh , t = 漢 , links=no), originally Yue ( zh , c = 越 , links=no), was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms that existed during the ...

, for reinforcements but he was defeated and executed by Ngô Quyền before the army of Southern Han entered the country. Ngô Quyền subsequently won a decisive victory over the Southern Han in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River and would go on to inaugurate the continuous independence of Vietnam for the first time in nearly a thousand years.

History

According to ''

Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam ''Từ điển bách khoa Việt Nam'' ( lit: ''Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Vietnam'') is a state-sponsored Vietnamese-language encyclopedia that was first published in 1995. It has four volumes consisting of 40,000 entries, the final of which w ...

'', the date of birth of Kiều Công Tiễn was unknown but he was from

Phong Châu Phong Châu () was the capital city of Văn Lang (now Vietnam) for the most part of the Hồng Bàng period, from the Third dynasty to the eighteenth dynasty of Hùng kings. History The historical site was the third capital of Văn Lang, foll ...

(now

Phú Thọ Phú Thọ () is a district-level town in Phú Thọ Province, Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population o ...

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

) where he was a notable of the region. Commonly, the

characters of his name (矯公羨) are transcribed in

as Kiều Công Tiễn but there are some sources such as the ''

Khâm định Việt sử thông giám cương mục The ''Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục'' ( vi-hantu, 欽定越史通鑑綱目, lit. "The Imperially Ordered Annotated Text Completely Reflecting the History of Viet") is the history of Vietnam commissioned by the Emperor Tự � ...

'' or the ''

Việt Nam sử lược ( vi-hantu, 越南史略, , lit. "Outline History of Vietnam"), was the first history text published in the Vietnamese language and the Vietnamese alphabet. It was compiled by Vietnamese historian Trần Trọng Kim. It covered the period from ...

'' of

Trần Trọng Kim Trần Trọng Kim (; chữ Hán: 陳仲金, Kanji pronunciation: ''Chin Jūkin''; ; 1883 – December 2, 1953; courtesy name Lệ Thần (, chữ Hán: 隸臣) was a Vietnamese scholar and politician who served as the Prime Minister of the sho ...

use the transcription Kiểu Công Tiện. In several ancient historical books of

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

like the ''

New History of the Five Dynasties The ''Historical Records of the Five Dynasties'' (''Wudai Shiji'') is a Chinese history book on the Five Dynasties period (907–960), written by the Song dynasty official Ouyang Xiu in private. It was drafted during Ouyang's exile from 1036 t ...

'', his family name ( 矯, ''Kiều'') was recorded by another character 皎 which is often transcribed as ''Kiểu'' in Vietnamese. When

took over the position of

in 931 from the

, Kiều Công Tiễn was chosen as a general in the court of Dương Đình Nghệ, according to the ''

Đại Việt sử lược The ''Đại Việt sử lược'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史略; lit. ''Abridged Chronicles of Đại Việt'') or ''Việt sử lược'' ( vi-hantu, 越史略; lit. ''Abridged Chronicles of Viet'') is an historical text that was compiled during th ...

'', Kiều Công Tiễn was the adopted son of the Jiedushi. In the third month of

lunar calendar A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases ( synodic months, lunations), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based on the solar year, and lunisolar calendars, whose lunar months are br ...

in 937, Kiều Công Tiễn assassinated Dương Đình Nghệ in order to seize his position of Jiedushi. Nine months later,

, another general of Dương Đình Nghệ, commanded his army from the Ái province (now

Thanh Hóa Thanh Hóa () is the capital of Thanh Hóa Province. The city is situated in the east of the province on the Ma River (Sông Mã), about 150 kilometers (93 miles) south of capital Hanoi and 1560 kilometers (969 miles) north of Ho Chi Minh Cit ...

) to rise a revolt against Kiều Công Tiễn in revenging his lord and father-in-law Dương Đình Nghệ. In response to Ngô Quyền's military campaign, Kiều Công Tiễn decided to seek help from the emperor of

Liu Yan who also wanted to profit the chaos in Tĩnh Hải quân to regain control of Giao Chỉ. Because of his action against Dương Đình Nghệ and the call on Chinese aid, Kiễu Công Tiễn is denounced by many Vietnamese historians as a usurper in

history of Vietnam Vietnam, with its coastal strip, rugged mountainous interior, and two major deltas, became home to numerous cultures throughout history. Its strategic geographical position in Southeast Asia also made it a crossroads of trade and a focal point ...

. After accepting the appeal of Kiều Công Tiễn, Liu Yan appointed his son Liu Yuancao the new Jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân, which was renamed as King of Giao Chỉ (Giao vương), and personally conducted the reinforcements for Kiều Công Tiễn. Before the troops of Southern Han entered the territory of Tĩnh Hải quân,

got ahead by defeating and executing Kiều Công Tiễn in 938 and prepared to catch the army of Liu Yan in

Bạch Đằng River The Bạch Đằng River (, ), also called Bạch Đằng Giang (from ), ''white wisteria river'', is a river in northern Vietnam, located near Hạ Long Bay. It flows through Yên Hưng District of Quảng Ninh province and the district Th� ...

. Finally Liu Yan's army was defeated in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River where his son Liu Yuancao was killed in action, the emperor of Southern Han had to abandon his military campaign and Ngô Quyền thus successfully secured the country from invaders and marked the beginning of the independence of Vietnam from Chinese authorities. After the death of Ngô Quyền in 944, Vietnam again fell into troubled times with the 12 Lords Rebellion in which Kiều Công Hãn and

Kiều Thuận Kiều Thuận ( vi-hantu, 矯順, ?–?) was a warlord of Vietnam during the Period of the 12 Warlords. Thuận was a grandson of Kiều Công Tiễn. He was also a younger brother of another warlord, Kiều Công Hãn. He held Hồi H� ...

, grandsons of Kiều Công Tiễn, were among the principal warlords.

References

Notes

Bibliography

* * * * , - style="text-align: center;" , - , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Kieu, Cong Tien 870 births 938 deaths Jiedushi of Vietnam Southern Han jiedushi People from Phú Thọ province