The qualifier Mongol tribes was established as an umbrella term in the early 13th century, when Temüjin (later

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

) united the different tribes under his control and established the

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Euro ...

. There were 19 Nirun tribes (marked (N) in the list) that descended from Bodonchar and 18 Darligin tribes (marked (D) in the list), which were also core Mongolic tribes but not descending from Bodonchar. The unification created a new common ethnic identity as Mongols. Descendants of those clans form the Mongolian nation and other Inner Asian people. Almost all of tribes and clans mentioned in the ''

Secret History of the Mongols The ''Secret History of the Mongols'' is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolic languages. Written for the Mongol royal family some time after the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, it recounts his life and conquests, and partially the r ...

'' and some tribes mentioned in the

Tarikh-i-Rashidi Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (; c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historian. He was a Mughal Dughlat prince who wrote in both Chaghatai and Persian languages. Haidar and Babur w ...

, there are total 33 Mongol tribes.

Core Mongolic tribes

* *Khorilar *Dorben (N) * Uriankhat *Ma'alikh baya'ut (D) * Jarchi'ut Adangkhan (D) *Belgunot *Buyant *Bugunot *Khatagin (N) *Eljigin *Salji'ut **Jadaran (N) **

Baarin Baarin (, ''Baʿrīn'' or ''Biʿrīn'') is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located in Homs Gap roughly southwest of Hama. Nearby localities include Taunah and Awj to the south, Aqrab and Houla to th ...

(N) **Manan Ba'arin **

Jaruud Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mon ...

***Noyakin (N) ***Barulas (N) ***Buda'at (N) ***Adargin/Adarkin (N) **** Chonos (N) ****Telenggut ***Uru'ut (N) ***

Manghut The Manghud, or Manghit (, ''Mangud;'' ) were a Mongol tribe of the Urud-Manghud federation, and a sub-clan of Borjigin, Manghuds (Mangkits or Mangits) who moved to the Desht-i Qipchaq steppe were Turkified. They established the Nogai Horde i ...

(N) *** Taichi'ut (N) ****Süldüsün (D) ****'Naked' Ba'arin ***Besut (N) ***Oronar ***Khongkhotan ***Arulad *** Sunud ***Khabturkhas ***Gheniges ***Yürki ***Kiyat ****

Barlas The Barlas (;Grupper, S. M. 'A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins'. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97 Chagatay language, Chagatay/ ''Barlās'' ...

*** Jurkin ***Khadagin ***Mangkhol

Keraites

The

Keraites The Keraites (also ''Kerait, Kereit, Khereid'', Kazakh: керейт; Kyrgyz: керей; Mongolian: Хэрэйд; Nogai: Кереит; Uzbek: ''Kerait''; Chinese: 克烈) were one of the five dominant Turco-Mongol tribal confederations ...

were a Turco-Mongol Christian (

Nestorian Nestorianism is a term used in Christian theology and Church history to refer to several mutually related but doctrinarily distinct sets of teachings. The first meaning of the term is related to the original teachings of Christian theologian ...

) nation. R. Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes'', New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1970, p191. Prominent Christian figures were Tooril and

Sorghaghtani Beki Sorghaghtani Beki (; ) or Bekhi ('' Bek(h)i'' is a title), also written Sorkaktani, Sorkhokhtani, Sorkhogtani, Siyurkuktiti ( – 1 March 1252), posthumous name Empress Xianyi Zhuangsheng ( and Persian: سرقویتی بیگی, ''Sorghoiti'' '' ...

. *Tumen Tubegun;

Mongolian Mongolian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Mongolia, a country in Asia * Mongolian people, or Mongols * Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, the government of Mongolia, 1911–1919 and 1921–1924 * Mongolian language * Mongolian alphabet * ...

: Tümen Tübegün *Dungkhait;

: Dongoid *Ubchikh *Jirgin *Ongchijid

Tatar confederation

Tatars Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of Turkic peoples across Eas ...

were a major tribal confederation in the Mongolian Plateau. *Airi'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death *Buiri'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death *Juyin other Tatars, or maybe a military organization, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death *Chakhan Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar;

: Tsagaan Tatar *Alchi Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar *Duta'ut Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar *Alukhai Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar *Tariat Tatar

Merkit confederation

The

Merkit The Merkit (; ; ) was one of the five major tribal confederations of MongolMongolised Turkic group who opposed the rise of Temüjin, and kidnapped his new wife

Börte Börte Üjin (; Mongolian: ), better known as Börte (), was the first wife of Temüjin, who became Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire. Börte became the head of the first Court of Genghis Khan, and Grand Empress of his Empire. S ...

. They were defeated and absorbed into the Mongol nation early in the 13th century. *Uduyid;

: Uduid Mergid *Uvas, Uvas Mergid *Khaad, Khaad Mergid

Naimans

In The Secret History of the Mongols, the Naiman subtribe the "Güchügüd" are mentioned. According to Russian Turkologist Nikolai Aristov's view, the Naiman Khanate's western border reached the Irtysh River and its eastern border reached the Mongolian Tamir River. The Altai Mountains and southern Altai Republic were part of the Naiman Khanate. They had diplomatic relations with the Kara-Khitans, and were subservient to them until 1175. In the Russian and Soviet historiography of Central Asia they were traditionally ranked among the Mongol-speaking tribes. For instance, such Russian orientalists as Vasily Bartold, Grigory Potanin, Boris Vladimirtsov, Ilya Petrushevsky, Nicholas Poppe, Lev Gumilyov, Vadim Trepavlov classified them as one of Mongol, Other scholars classified them as a Turkic people from Sekiz Oghuz (means "Eight Oghuz" in Turkic). However, the term "Naiman" has Mongolian origin meaning "eight", but their titles are Turkic, and they are thought by some to be possibly Mongolized Turks. They have been described as Turkic-speaking, as well as Mongolian-speaking. Like the Khitans and the Uyghurs, many of them were Nestorian Christians or Buddhists.

Ongud

The

Ongud The Ongud (also spelled Ongut or Öngüt; Mongolian: Онгуд, Онход; Chinese: 汪古, ''Wanggu''; from Old Turkic ''öng'' "desolate, uninhabited; desert" plus ''güt'' "class marker") were a Turkic tribe that later became Mongolized a ...

(also spelled Ongut or Öngüt;

: Онгуд, Онход;

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

: 汪古, Wanggu; from

Old Turkic Old Siberian Turkic, generally known as East Old Turkic and often shortened to Old Turkic, was a Siberian Turkic language spoken around East Turkistan and Mongolia. It was first discovered in inscriptions originating from the Second Turkic Kh ...

öng "desolate, uninhabited; desert" plus güt "class marker") were a Turkic tribe that later became Mongolized active in what is now Inner Mongolia in northern China around the time of Genghis Khan (1162–1227). Many Ongud were members of the

Church of the East The Church of the East ( ) or the East Syriac Church, also called the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian Church, the Assyrian Church, the Babylonian Church, the Chaldean Church or the Nestorian Church, is one of three major branches o ...

, They lived in an area lining the Great Wall in the northern part of the Ordos Plateau and territories to the northeast of it.

Dughlat

The

Dughlats The Dughlat clan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: ''List of modern Mongolian clans#D, Dolood/sevens, Doloo/seven; Middle Mongolian: Doluga, Dolugad''; Dulğat; ) was a Mongol (later Turko-Mongol) clan that served the Chagatai khans as hereditary ...

are mentioned in the

Jami' al-tawarikh ''Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh'' () is a work of literature and history, produced in the Mongol Ilkhanate. Written by Rashid al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318 AD) at the start of the 14th century, the breadth of coverage of the work has caused it to be call ...

Other groups mentioned in Secret History of the Mongols

Groups whose affiliation is not really made clear: these groups may or may not be related to any of the tribes and clans mentioned above: *

Olkhonud Olkhonud (; ), also rendered as Olqunuut, was the clan of Hoelun, the mother of Genghis Khan. They helped Genghis to defeat the Naimans. The Olkhunut people were very closely related to the Hongirad tribe. Their descendants still live in Khovd Pr ...

, the clan of

Temüjin Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes, he launched a series of military campaigns, conquerin ...

's mother (D);

: Olkhunuud *

Khongirad The Khongirad (; ; ; ) was one of the major divisions of the Mongol tribes. Their homeland was located in the vicinity of Hulun Lake, Lake Hulun in Inner Mongolia and Khalkha River in Mongolia,M. Sanjdorj, History of the Mongolian People's Repub ...

, the tribe

's first wife, descends from (D) *some clans whose members join Temüjin after the first victory over the Merkit and the separation from Jamukha: **

Jalair Jalair (; ; ), also Djalair, Yyalair, Jalayir, is one of the Darliqin Mongol tribes according to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani's ''Jami' al-tawarikh''.They lived along the Orkhon River in modern day Central Mongolia.History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003 ...

' **Tarkhut **Bishi'ut;

: Bishiüd **

Bayads The Bayad (Mongol: Баяд/Bayad, ''lit. "the Riches"'') is the third largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia and they are a tribe in Four Oirats. Baya'ud were a prominent clan within the Mongol Empire. Baya'ud can be found in b ...

**Khinggiadai (D), Khinggit, subclan of Olhunoud;

: Khingid **

Gorlos The Gorlos ( Khalkha-Mongolian:Горлос/Gorlos; ) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County, China. Ethnonym According to Ochir, ethnonym Gorlos has a common origin with another Mongolian ethnonym Khori. H ...

(D), subclan of Olhunoud **Ikires;

: Ikhires **Sakhait **Arulat (Mongolian:Arulad)(D) **Oronar *some clans that take part in Sangums conspiracy: **Khardakit **Ebugedjin;

: Övögjin **Kharta'at (N?) *Khorulas, clan that joins Chinggis at the Baljun lake *Tokhura'ut *Negus or

Chonos tribe Chonos, one of the Mongol tribes, can be found in Kalmykia, Buryatia, and the Irkutskaya province in the Russian Federation, and also in Mongolia and the People's Republic of China. The name of the tribe translates as "wolves" or "wolf's", and i ...

, clan whose chief is killed together with the 70 Chinos princes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Medieval Mongol Tribes And Clans Mongolian tribes and clans Tribes and clans, medieval History of Inner Mongolia History of the Mongol Empire

Mongol Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of M ...