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A kytoon or kite balloon is a tethered aircraft which obtains some of its lift dynamically as a heavier-than-air
/ref> The word is a
US2431938
and later became known as the kytoon. Jalbert furthered his attention on kite balloons also with another patent filed on August 31, 1945, titled
Kite Balloon
. The
Meteorological observation measurements
/ref> * Sighting target for conducting geographical surveys * Scaring birds away from crops * Recreation
Allsopp Helikites LimitedAir-Foil Aerostat
{{Aircraft types (by method of thrust and lift) Balloons (aeronautics) Ballooning Hydrogen technologies Kites
A kytoon or kite balloon is a tethered aircraft which obtains some of its lift dynamically as a heavier-than-air kite
A kite is a tethered heavier than air flight, heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create Lift (force), lift and Drag (physics), drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have ...
and the rest aerostatically as a lighter-than-air
A lifting gas or lighter-than-air gas is a gas that has a density lower than normal atmospheric gases and rises above them as a result, making it useful in lifting lighter-than-air aircraft. Only certain lighter-than-air gases are suitable as lift ...
balloon
A balloon is a flexible membrane bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, or air. For special purposes, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), ...
.Popular Mechanics Mar 1958/ref> The word is a
portmanteau
In linguistics, a blend—also known as a blend word, lexical blend, or portmanteau—is a word formed by combining the meanings, and parts of the sounds, of two or more words together.
of kite and balloon.
The primary advantage of a kytoon is that it remains in a reasonably stable position above the tether point, irrespective of the strength of wind, whereas ordinary balloons and kites are less stable.
The kytoon has been used for many purposes, both civil and military.
History
In 1919, a handbook was published giving extensive details to support the kite balloon crafts being used in the military. Described is the firstkite balloon
A kite balloon is a tethered balloon which is shaped to help make it stable in low and moderate winds and to increase its lift. It typically comprises a streamlined envelope with stabilising features and a harness or yoke connecting it to the mai ...
made in 1893 by Captains Parseval and Sigsfeld at the Berlin works of the Prussian Balloon Battalion; theirs was the "predecessor of the ''Drachen'' balloon." "This was the first real kite balloon flying like a kite with a fairly constant angle and direction relative to the wind and remained practically unchanged until the beginning of the war in 1914-1918."
A hybrid kite-balloon was patented by Domina Jalbert
Domina Cleophas Jalbert (1904–1991) invented the ram-air inflated flexible wing, often called the "Jalbert parafoil".
Personal life
Domina Jalbert was born in 1904 in Saint-Michel-des-Saints, Quebec, Canada; his father was Onesime Jalbert (1 ...
in 1944 as patenUS2431938
and later became known as the kytoon. Jalbert furthered his attention on kite balloons also with another patent filed on August 31, 1945, titled
Kite Balloon
. The
Allsopp Helikite
The Allsopp Helikite is a kite balloon or kytoon designed by Sandy Allsopp in the United Kingdom in 1993. This Helikite comprises a combination of a helium balloon and a kite to form a single, aerodynamically sound, tethered aircraft, that uses ...
is a modern helium-filled example.
Stability
A captive balloon tends to drift down the wind and the harder the wind blows, the further the balloon drifts. This leans the tether over at an angle, pulling the balloon lower. On a kytoon, the kite action lifts the balloon, counteracting this pull and holding the kytoon in position. As the wind blows harder, the kite action lifts harder. This can provide good stability even in strong winds. In low or gusty winds a kite can nose-dive, losing a large amount of height even if it recovers. Because a kytoon is buoyant it does not nose-dive and remains in position even in relatively still air."Kite + balloon = kytoon", ''Popular Mechanics'', August 1950, Page 80.Applications
Applications of the kytoon have included: * Raising communications antenna aloft * Commercial advertising * Low-level aerial photography * Raising wind turbines for generating electricity * Raising emergency signals in calm or wind * Meteorological measurements/ref> * Sighting target for conducting geographical surveys * Scaring birds away from crops * Recreation
See also
*Aerostat
An aerostat (, via French) or lighter-than-air aircraft is an aircraft that relies on buoyancy to maintain flight. Aerostats include unpowered balloons (free-flying or tethered) and powered airships.
The relative density of an aerostat as a ...
*Airship
An airship, dirigible balloon or dirigible is a type of aerostat (lighter-than-air) aircraft that can navigate through the air flying powered aircraft, under its own power. Aerostats use buoyancy from a lifting gas that is less dense than the ...
*Buoyancy
Buoyancy (), or upthrust, is the force exerted by a fluid opposing the weight of a partially or fully immersed object (which may be also be a parcel of fluid). In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of t ...
*Kite types
Kites are tethered flying objects which fly by using aerodynamic lift, requiring wind (or towing) for generation of airflow over the lifting surfaces.
Various types of kites exist, depending on features such as material, shape, use, or operatin ...
*Rotor kite
A rotor kite or gyrokite is an unpowered, rotary-wing aircraft. Like an autogyro or helicopter, it relies on lift created by one or more sets of rotors in order to fly. Unlike a helicopter, gyrokites and rotor kites do not have an engine powe ...
*Tethered balloon
A tethered, moored or captive balloon is a balloon that is restrained by one or more tethers attached to the ground so it cannot float freely. The base of the tether is wound around the drum of a winch, which may be fixed or mounted on a vehicle, ...
References
External links
Allsopp Helikites Limited
{{Aircraft types (by method of thrust and lift) Balloons (aeronautics) Ballooning Hydrogen technologies Kites