Kimulidae is a small
neotropical
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In biogeogra ...
family of the
harvestman
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids,
colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see below). , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total n ...
infraorder
Grassatores
The Grassatores Kury, 2002 are the most diverse infraorder of the Laniatores. It includes over 3,700 species distributed mainly in the tropicsKury, A.B.(2003). Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). '' Revi ...
with about thirty described species.
[ (2007): Kimulidae. Kury & Pérez in Kury, 2003. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 207ff]
Description
These brown harvestmen dwell in soil and litter.
[
]
Distribution
Whereas most species occur in Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
, Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...
and the West Indies
The West Indies is an island subregion of the Americas, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which comprises 13 independent island country, island countries and 19 dependent territory, dependencies in thr ...
, the isolated species ''Tegipiolus pachypus'' (which was formerly in Zalmoxidae) is found in northeastern Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
. This species also differs from the others morphologically.[ Another Brazilian species, ''Microminua soerenseni'' Rio de Janeiro, does not belong to this family.][Kury 2003]
Relationships
Kimulidae are probably closely related to Escadabiidae.[
]
Name
This family was originally called Minuidae, but as the name of the type genus proved invalid, the family name needed a replacement.[
]
Species
* '' Acanthominua'' Sørensen, 1932
:* '' Acanthominua tricarinata'' Sørensen, 1932 — Venezuela
* '' Euminua'' Sørensen, 1932
:* '' Euminua brevitarsa'' Sørensen, 1932 — Venezuela
* '' Euminuoides'' Mello-Leitão, 1935
:* '' Euminuoides longitarsa'' (Sørensen, 1932) — Venezuela
* '' Fudeci'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1997
:* '' Fudeci curvifemur'' González-Sponga, 1997 — Venezuela
* '' Jimeneziella'' Avram, 1970 — Cuba
:* '' Jimeneziella decui'' Avram, 1970
:* '' Jimeneziella negreai'' Avram, 1970
* '' Kimula'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942
:* '' Kimula banksi'' Silhavy, 1969 — Cuba
:* '' Kimula cokendopheri'' Pérez-González & Armas, 2000 — Dominican Republic
:* '' Kimula elongata'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942 — Puerto Rico
:* '' Kimula goodnightiorum'' Silhavy, 1969 — Cuba
:* '' Kimula levii'' Silhavy, 1969 — Cuba
:* '' Kimula tuberculata'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943 — Cuba
:* '' Kimula turquinensis'' Silhavy, 1969 — Cuba
:* '' Kimula botosaneanui'' S. Avram, 1973 — Cuba
* '' Microminua'' Sørensen, 1932
:* '' Microminua parvula'' Sørensen, 1932 — Venezuela
:* '' Microminua soerenseni'' H. E. M. Soares & B. A. Soares, 1954 — Brazil (Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...
) (not Kimulidae, probably Gonyleptidae
Gonyleptidae is a neotropical family of harvestmen (order Opiliones) with more than 800 species, the largest in the suborder Laniatores and the second largest of the Opiliones as a whole. The largest known harvestmen are gonyleptids.
Like most h ...
, Tricommatinae)[
* '' Minua'' Sørensen, 1932 — Venezuela
:* '' Minua barloventensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua choroniensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua crassa'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua denticulata'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua dimorpha'' Sørensen, 1932
:* '' Minua elias'' Sørensen, 1932
:* '' Minua guatopensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua montis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua nebulae'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua parva'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua pinturelensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua punctiacuta'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
:* '' Minua scabra'' Sørensen, 1932
:* '' Minua venefica'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987)
* '' Pseudominua'' Mello-Leitão, 1933
:* '' Pseudominua convolvulus'' (Sørensen, 1932) — Venezuela
:* '' Pseudominua peruviana'' Roewer, 1963 — Peru
* '' Tegipiolus'' Roewer, 1949
:* '' Tegipiolus pachypus'' Roewer, 1949 — Brazil
]
Footnotes
References
* 's Biology Catalog
Minuidae
* , 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). '' Revista Ibérica de Aracnología'', vol. especial monográfico 1: 1-337.
* (eds.) (2007): ''Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones''. Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou.
The pres ...
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3196931
Harvestman families