The Papuan Tip languages are a branch of the
Western Oceanic languages
The Western Oceanic languages is a linkage of Oceanic languages, proposed and studied by . They make up a majority of the Austronesian languages spoken in New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papu ...
consisting of 60 languages.
Contact
All Papuan Tip languages, except
Nimoa,
Sudest, and the Kilivila languages (all spoken on islands off the coast of mainland
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n ...
), have
subject–object–verb (SOV) word order due to influences from nearby
Papuan languages
The Papuan languages are the non- Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply ...
(Lynch, Ross, & Crowley 2002:104). Universally, this is considered to be a typologically unusual change. Since these non-
Austronesian
Austronesian may refer to:
*The Austronesian languages
*The historical Austronesian peoples
The Austronesian people, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peoples who have settled in Taiwan, maritime Sout ...
influences can be reconstructed for Proto-Papuan Tip, they did not simply result from recent contact among individual daughter languages.
Languages
According to Lynch, Ross, & Crowley (2002), the structure of the family is as follows:
*Nuclear Papuan Tip linkage
**Suauic linkage:
Buhutu,
'Auhelawa,
Oya'oya,
Unubahe,
Saliba,
Suau,
Bwanabwana,
Wagawaga
**North Mainland – D'Entrecasteaux linkage
***
Anuki
***
Gumawana
***Bwaidoga:
Bwaidoka,
Diodio (West Goodenough),
Iamalele,
Iduna,
Koluwawa,
Maiadomu
***Dobu–Duau:
Dobu
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylamphetamine (DOBU) is a lesser-known serotonin receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic of the amphetamine and DOx families.
Effects
DOBU was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylam ...
,
Molima,
Bunama,
Boselewa,
Duau,
Galeya,
Mwatebu,
Sewa Bay
***Kakabai:
Dawawa,
Kakabai
***Are–Taupota
****Are:
Are,
Arifama-Miniafia
Arifama and Miniafia (Miniafia Oyan) are dialects of an Oceanic language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea.
References
Nuclear Papuan Tip languages
{{PapuanTip-lang-stub ...
,
Doga,
Gapapaiwa,
Ghayavi,
Kaninuwa,
Ubir
****Taupota:
Gweda,
Haigwai,
Maiwala,
Minaveha,
Taupota,
Tawala,
Wa'ema,
Wedau
The Wedau Regatta Course is an artificial rowing/canoeing lake in Duisburg, Germany.
The Course was built in 1935 and has hosted numerous international watersports events since its construction. Including the 1983 World Rowing Championships. It ...
,
Yakaikeke
*Kilivila–Misima linkage
**Kilivila family:
Budibud,
Kilivila,
Muyuw
**
Misima language
*Nimoa–Sudest family:
Nimoa,
Sudest
*Central Papuan Tip family
**Oumic: Magoric (
Magori,
Yoba,
Bina),
Ouma
**Sinagoro–Keapara:
Hula
Hula () is a Hawaiian dance form expressing chant (''oli'') or song (Mele (Hawaiian language), ''mele''). It was developed in the Hawaiian Islands by the Native Hawaiians who settled there. The hula dramatizes or portrays the words of the oli ...
–
Keapara,
Sinaugoro
**West Central Papuan Tip
***
Motu
***
Abadi
***Nuclear West Central Papuan Tip:
Toura,
Kuni,
Mekeo,
Lala
''LaLa'' is a monthly Japanese manga magazine published by Hakusensha on the 24th of each month. The magazine's bonus contents are usually calendars for New Year issues, drama CDs, and so on. In a 2006 survey conducted by Oricon, Japanese girls ...
,
Waima
Maisin is difficult to classify, but its Austronesian component likely belongs with Nuclear Papuan Tip.
Yele has recently been tentatively classified as closest to Nimoa–Sudest, while others classify it as a
Papuan language.
References
{{Austronesian languages
Western Oceanic languages
Languages of Papua New Guinea