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Kharsawan block is a
CD block In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development. The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technic ...
that forms an
administrative division Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
in the
Seraikela Sadar subdivision Seraikela Sadar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Kolhan division in the state of Jharkhand, India. Administrative set up Seraikela Kharsawan district has two subdivisions – (1) Seraikela ...
of Seraikela Kharsawan district, in the Indian state of
Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It has an area of . ...
.


History

The British conquered
Kolhan Kolhan is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subd ...
in 1837 and consequently formed a new district
Singhbhum Singhbhum was a district of India during the British Raj, part of the Chota Nagpur Division of the Bengal Presidency. It was located in the present-day Indian state of Jharkhand. Chaibasa was the district headquarters. Located in the southern ...
with headquarters at
Chaibasa Chaibasa is a town and a municipality in West Singhbhum district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Chaibasa is the district headquarters of West Singhbhum district. It is also the headquarter of Singhbhum Kolhan division headed by the Divisio ...
. In 1854, Singhbhum "became a non-regulation district under the jurisdiction of the Lt. Governor of Bengal". The Rajas of Porhat/ Singhbhum, Seraikela and Kharswan ('Kharsuan' is original name)held sway over their kingdoms under British protection. The native states of
Seraikela Saraikela (also spelled Seraikella) is the district headquarters and a nagar panchayat in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was formerly the capital of the Odia Saraikela ...
and
Kharsawan Kharsawan garh is a town and a notified area in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. History Kharsawan (also spelt as Kharsuan) was founded around 1650. It was one of the Oriya ...
acceded to the Indian Union in 1948, and on 1 January 1948 Raja of Seraikela and Raja of Kharsawan willingly merged with Odisha (then 'Orissa'). On 1 January 1948, a political leader Jaipal Singh asked tribal people to congregate at Kharsawan to protest against the merger with Odisha, so that then Bihar government would give them a bigger Jharkhand state. Tribal leader Jaipal Singh Munda himself didn't turn up. Tribals gathered at Kharsawan village market with their traditional weapons on 1 January 1948. Seeing Jaipal Singh Munda nowhere, tribals began to loose their patience. Police warned them. According to BBC report, first an arrow hit the arm of a police and police had to fire. Calling it another 'Jaliyanawala bag' is a misnomer. Now, educated tribal people have begun to understand. On 18 May 1948, both Seraikela and Kharsawan were taken out of Odisha and were merged with Bihar due to a political conspiracy. Jaipal Singh Munda didn't get the Jharkhand state as it was promised to him by then politicians of Bihar, till his death in 1970. Subsequently it was merged with Singhbhum district was divided into three subdivisions – Sadar, Dhalbhum and Seraikela. In 1956, along with the reorganisation of the states, three police stations of
Manbhum district Manbhum District was one of the districts of the East India during the British Raj. After India's independence, the district became a part of Bihar State. Upon re-organisation of the Indian states in the mid-1950s, present Purulia district was ca ...
, namely
Patamda Patamda is a village in the Patamda CD block in the Dhalbhum subdivision of the Purbi Singhum district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. History In 1956, along with the reorganisation of the states, three police stations of Manbhum district, ...
,
Ichagarh Ichagarh is a village in the Ichagarh CD block in the Chandil subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of ...
and
Chandil Chandil is a census town in the Chandil CD block in the Chandil subdivision of Seraikela Kharsawan district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Geography Location Chandil is located at . It has an average elevation of 246 metres (807&nb ...
were transferred to Singhbhum district. While Patamda was added to
Dhalbhum subdivision Dhalbhum subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the East Singhbhum district in the Kolhan division in the state of Jharkhand, India. History Dhalbhum subdivision was created in 1920 with Jamshedpur as headquarters. Administrative se ...
, Ichagarh and Chandil to
Seraikela Sadar subdivision Seraikela Sadar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Kolhan division in the state of Jharkhand, India. Administrative set up Seraikela Kharsawan district has two subdivisions – (1) Seraikela ...
. Seraikela Kharsawan district was carved out of
West Singhbhum district West Singhbhum or Pashchimi Singhbhum is one of the 24 districts of Jharkhand state, India. It came into existence on 16 January 1990, when the old Singhbhum district (then in Bihar) was bifurcated. Chaibasa is the district headquarters. The dis ...
in 2001. The district has two subdivisions –
Seraikela Saraikela (also spelled Seraikella) is the district headquarters and a nagar panchayat in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was formerly the capital of the Odia Saraikela ...
and
Chandil Chandil is a census town in the Chandil CD block in the Chandil subdivision of Seraikela Kharsawan district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Geography Location Chandil is located at . It has an average elevation of 246 metres (807&nb ...
. The headquarters of the district is at
Seraikela Saraikela (also spelled Seraikella) is the district headquarters and a nagar panchayat in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was formerly the capital of the Odia Saraikela ...
town.


Maoist activities

According to a PIB release in 2018, Seraikela Kharswan was not included in the list of the thirty districts most affected by
Left wing extremism Far-left politics, also known as the radical left or the extreme left, are politics further to the left on the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left. The term does not have a single definition. Some scholars consider ...
in the country. The list includes thirteen districts of Jharkhand. Jharkhand Police has mentioned "Nimdih, Chandil, Chowka, Ichagarh, Tiruldih, Kharsawan and Kuchai" police station areas of Seraikela Kharsawan district as Naxalite affected.
Hemant Soren Hemant Soren (born 10 August 1975) is an Indian politician from Jharkhand, who is currently the Chief Minister of Jharkhand. Previously, he had also served as the Chief Minister of Jharkhand from July 2013 to December 2014. He is also the presi ...
, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against
Left wing extremism Far-left politics, also known as the radical left or the extreme left, are politics further to the left on the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left. The term does not have a single definition. Some scholars consider ...
, the "presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border".


Geography

Kharsawan is located at . The old and undivided Singhbhum district, of which the present Seraikela Kharsawan district was a part, has been described as "part of the southern fringe of the Chotanagpur plateau and is a hilly upland tract. There are hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country." It has an elevation range of . Subarnrekha and Kharkai are important rivers in the district.
Chandil Dam Chandil Dam was built across the Subarnarekha, in Bihar (later Jharkhand), as a part of the Subarnarekha Multipurpose Project. Geography Location Chandil Dam is located near Chandil, at . It is in Chandil block in Seraikela Kharsawan dist ...
has been built across the Subarnarekha, after Karkari River joins it. Kharsawan CD block is bounded by Tamar CD block in Ranchi district and
Chandil Chandil is a census town in the Chandil CD block in the Chandil subdivision of Seraikela Kharsawan district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Geography Location Chandil is located at . It has an average elevation of 246 metres (807&nb ...
CD block on the north,
Seraikela Saraikela (also spelled Seraikella) is the district headquarters and a nagar panchayat in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was formerly the capital of the Odia Saraikela ...
CD block on the east, Khuntpani CD block in Paschimi Singhbhum district on the south and
Kuchai Kuchai is a village in the Kuchai CD block in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states ...
CD block on the west. Kharsawan CD block has an area of 226.52 km2.
Kharsawan Kharsawan garh is a town and a notified area in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. History Kharsawan (also spelt as Kharsuan) was founded around 1650. It was one of the Oriya ...
police station serves Kharsawan CD block. The headquarters of Kharsawan CD block is located at
Kharsawan Kharsawan garh is a town and a notified area in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. History Kharsawan (also spelt as Kharsuan) was founded around 1650. It was one of the Oriya ...
town.


Demographics


Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Kharsawan CD block had a total population of 88,642, all of which were rural. There were 45,001 (51%) males and 43,641 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 13,758.
Scheduled Castes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
numbered 6,847 (7.72%) and
Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
numbered 35,371 (39.90%).


Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kharsawan CD block was 48,927 (65.34% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 29,481 (77.71% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 19,446 (52.63% of the female population over 6 years). The
gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 25.09%. census, literacy in Seraikela Kharsawan district was 68.85%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. See also –
List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bi ...


Language and religion

According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue 2011'' data, in the Kharsawan subdistrict,
Odiya Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to: * Odia people in Odisha, India * Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family * Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...
was the mother-tongue of 29,166 persons forming 32.90% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Ho (26, 493/ 29.69%), Santali (13,746/ 15.51%),
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the ...
(10,456/ 11.80%),
Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of North India, northern, Central India, centr ...
(3,575/ 4.03%),
Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''
(2,233/ 2.52), Mundari (2,218/ 2.50%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (755/ 0.85%).'Other persons' included 481 persons having Kurukh/ Oraon as mother-tongue. Persons with Hindi as their mother-tongue included 352 persons having Sadan/
Sadri Sadri is a municipality in the Pali district of Rajasthan, India. It is considered the gateway to Marwar from Mewar. Sadri is one of the main places of worship for the Jain community. Ranakpur Temple and Shri Parshuram Mahadev Mandir are locate ...
as mother-tongue.
Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 500 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 500 persons as their mother-tongue are included in the "other languages" category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details.
Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of North India, northern, Central India, centr ...
is the
official language An official language is a language given supreme status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically the term "official language" does not refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government (e.g. judiciary, ...
in Jharkhand and
Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''
has been declared as an additional official language. According to the ''Population by Religious Communities 2011'' data, in the Kharsawan subdistrict,
Hindus Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
numbered 48,038 and formed 54.19% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Other religious communities (37,061/41.81),
Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abra ...
(3,273/ 3.69%),
Christians Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
(90/ 0.10%), and persons who did not state their religion (180/ 0.20%). In Seraikela Kharsawan district,
Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
numbered 255,626 and formed 24.00% of the total population. The larger groups within the scheduled tribes, with percentage of the ST population, were
Santals The Santal or Santhal are an Austroasiatic speaking Munda ethnic group in South Asia. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal state of India in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar and A ...
50.80%, Ho 34.87%, Mundas, Patars 17.60% and Oraons, Bhangar Oraons 4.12%.


Economy


Overview

70-80% of the population of Seraikela Kharsawan district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Seraikela Kharsawan district came down to 33.6%. According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."


Livelihood

In Kharsawan CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 11,706 and formed 32.26%, agricultural labourers numbered 12,499 and formed 34.45%, household industry workers numbered 2,296 and formed 6.32% and other workers numbered 9,789 and formed 26.98%. Total workers numbered 36,286 and formed 40.94% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 52,356 and formed 59.06% of the population.


Infrastructure

There are 128 inhabited villages in Kharsawan CD block. In 2011, 111 villages had power supply. 31 villages had tap water, 122 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 120 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 6 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 17 villages had telephone (land line), 72 villages had mobile phone coverage. 128 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 17 villages had bus service (public/ private), 18 villages had autos/ modified autos, 19 villages had taxi/ vans, 49 villages had tractors. 7 villages had bank branches, 5 village had agricultural credit society, 4 villages had public library and reading rooms, 22 villages had availability of newspapers, 42 villages had ration shops, 7 villages had weekly
haat Haat or hat, even haat bazaar, is an open-air market that serves as a trading venue for local people in rural areas and towns of Indian subcontinent, especially in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. Haat bazaars are conducted on a regu ...
, 62 villages had
assembly Assembly may refer to: Organisations and meetings * Deliberative assembly, a gathering of members who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions * General assembly, an official meeting of the members of an organization or of their representa ...
polling stations A polling place is where voters cast their ballots in elections. The phrase polling station is also used in American English and British English, although polling place is the building
.


Backward Regions Grant Fund

Seraikela Kharsawan district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the
Backward Regions Grant Fund Backward or Backwards is a relative direction. Backwards or Sdrawkcab (the word "backwards" with its letters reversed) may also refer to: * "Backwards" (''Red Dwarf''), episode of sci-fi TV sitcom ''Red Dwarf'' ** ''Backwards'' (novel), a nov ...
. The fund, created by the Government of India, is “designed to redress regional imbalances in development”. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.


Transport

The Tatanagar-Bilaspur section of the Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line passes through
Adityapur Adityapur is a city and suburb in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. It is a nagar parishad in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision in the Seraikela Kharsawan district. Adityapur is part of the Greater Jamshedpur, under the Indian government's ...
,
Seraikela Saraikela (also spelled Seraikella) is the district headquarters and a nagar panchayat in the Seraikela Sadar subdivision of the Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was formerly the capital of the Odia Saraikela ...
and Kharsawan CD blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district. There are stations at Adityapur, Gamharia, Birbans, Sini, Mahali Marup and Rajkharsawan.


Education

Kharsawan CD block had 8 villages with pre-primary schools, 112 villages with primary schools, 55 villages with middle schools, 9 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 15 villages with no educational facility.
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand


Healthcare

Kharsawan CD block had 3 villages with primary health centres, 8 villages with primary health subcentres, 5 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 1 village with dispensary, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 1 village with family welfare centre, 30 villages with medicine shops.
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included


References

{{Kolhan Division topics Community development blocks in Seraikela Kharsawan district