Khaling (kʰɛ̂l brâː ख्या:ल् ब्रा:) is a
Kiranti language
The Kiranti languages are a major family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Nepal and India (notably Sikkim, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, and Kumai) by the Kirati people.
External relationships
George van Driem had formerly proposed that the Kiran ...
spoken in
Solukhumbu district
Solukhumbu District ( ne, सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला , Sherpa: , Wylie: shar khum bu dzong) is one of 14 districts of Province No. 1 of eastern Nepal. As the name suggests, it consists of the subregions Solu and Khumb ...
, Nepal and
Sikkim
Sikkim (; ) is a state in Northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Province No. 1 of Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Siligu ...
,
Darjeeling
Darjeeling (, , ) is a town and municipality in the northernmost region of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it has an average elevation of . To the west of Darjeeling lies the easternmost province of Ne ...
, and
Kalimpong in India. It is one of the few Kiranti languages with
tonal contrasts, which are of secondary origin.
Khaling has approximately 15,000 speakers and is therefore considered a vulnerable language. Khaling has a complex system of stem alternations: as many as 10 distinct stems have to be posited for a word (Jacques et al. 2012). Khaling is very unusual in having an auditory demonstrative (see Jacques and Lahaussois 2014). Khaling is also known as
Rai, Khalinge Rai, Khael Bra, and Khael Baat.
General information
Khaling is still being acquired by children who live in Khaling-speaking areas, as well as non-Khaling children who happen to live in that area.
Geographical distribution
Khaling is spoken in the following VDC's of Nepal (''
Ethnologue'').
*
Solukhumbu District
Solukhumbu District ( ne, सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला , Sherpa: , Wylie: shar khum bu dzong) is one of 14 districts of Province No. 1 of eastern Nepal. As the name suggests, it consists of the subregions Solu and Khumb ...
,
Province No. 1:
Kanku,
Basa,
Waku, Buksa,
Jubing,
Pawai and
Phuleli villages
*
Khotang District,
Province No. 1:
Buipa Fuleli and
Kharmi
Kharmi is a town and Village Development Committee in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census
The 1991 Nepal census was a widespread national census conducted by the Nepal Central Bureau ...
villages
*
Udayapur District,
Province No. 1: Triyuga Municipality Gaighat, Basaha, Belter, Rampur city.
*
Sankhuwasabha District,
Province No. 1: Tungkhaling village
*
Sunsari District
, nickname =
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, image_alt =
, image_caption = Night view of Dharan, Itahari & Tarahara :: Barahakshetra Temple: BPKIHS, Dharan :Dharan Clock Tower
, image_map = Sunsari district ...
,
Province No. 1:
Dharan
*
Ilam District,
Province No. 1:
Pang
Pang may refer to:
Places
*Siem Pang District, Cambodia
*Pangnirtung or Pang, an Inuit hamlet on Baffin Island, Canada
*Fo Pang (Chinese: 火棚), an area of Kowloon, Hong Kong
*Pang, a hamlet in Leh district, Jammu and Kashmir, India
*Pang, Mal ...
,
Sumbek, and
Mai Pokhari
Mai Pokhari is a wetland in Ilam District of Nepal that was designated a Ramsar site on 28 October 2008. It is a pilgrimage center for both Hindus and Buddhists. The lake within the wetland which reflects emerald waters has a circumference of ...
villages
See also
*
Rai people
The Rai are an ethnolinguistic group belonging to the Kirati people, Kirat family and primarily Tibeto-Burman languages, Tibeto-Burman linguistic ethnicity. They mainly reside in the eastern parts of Nepal, the Indian states of Sikkim, West Benga ...
References
Further reading
*Hale, Austin, editor. 1973. Collected papers on Khaling, Kulung, Darai, Newari, Chitwan Tharu. Nepal Studies in Linguistics, 1. Kirtipur: Summer Institute of Linguistics and Institute for Nepal and Asian Studies. vii, 87 p.
*
*
*
*
*Jacques, Guillaume, Aimée Lahaussois, Dhan Bahadur Rai & Yadav Kumar. 2015. Khaling-Nepali-English Dictionary, version 1.0. Paris: Projet HimalCo. http://himalco.huma-num.fr/.
*Toba, Sueyoshi and Ingrid Toba. 1972. Khaling phonemic summary. Tibeto-Burman Phonemic Summaries, 12. Kirtipur: Summer Institute of Linguistics and Institute of Nepal Studies, Tribhuvan University. 73 p.
*Toba, Ingrid. 1973. "The Khaling verb." Nepal Studies in Linguistics 1: 1-14.
*Toba, Sueyoshi and Ingrid Toba. 1975. A Khaling-English, English-Khaling glossary. Kathmandu: Summer Institute of Linguistics and Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies. xiii, 86 p.
*
*Toba, Sueyoshi. 1981. Khaling texts. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. 97 p.
*Toba, Sueyoshi. 1983. Khaling Texts. YAK 7. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa
*Toba, Sueyoshi. 1984. Khaling. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa
*
*Hansson, G. (1991). ''The Rai of Eastern Nepal, Ethnic and Linguistic Grouping: Findings of the Linguistic Survey of Nepal''. Linguistic Survey of Nepal and Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University.
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External links
Khaling Rai Song ; स्याल थन्न्य मो अो स्यो
{{Kiranti languages
Kiranti languages
Languages of Nepal
Languages of Province No. 1