Keratin 1 is a Type II
intermediate filament
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeleton, cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates. Homologues of the IF protein have been noted in an invertebrate, the cephalochordate ''Branchiostoma' ...
(IFs) of the intracytoplasmatic cytoskeleton. Is co-expressed with and binds to
Keratin 10, a Type I keratin, to form a coiled coil heterotypic keratin chain. Keratin 1 and Keratin 10 are specifically expressed in the spinous and granular layers of the
epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and Subcutaneous tissue, hypodermis. The epidermal layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the ...
. In contrast, basal layer keratinocytes express little to no Keratin 1. Mutations in ''KRT1'', the gene encoding Keratin 1, have been associated with variants of the disease
bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma in which the palms and soles of the feet are affected. Mutations in ''KRT10'' have also been associated with bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma; however, in patients with KRT10 mutations the palms and soles are spared. This difference is likely due to
Keratin 9, rather than Keratin 10, being the major binding partner of Keratin 1 in acral (palm and sole) keratinocytes.
Type II
cytokeratin
Cytokeratins are keratin proteins found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue. They are an important component of intermediate filaments, which help cells resist mechanical stress. Expression of these cytokeratins within ep ...
s are clustered in a region of
chromosome 12
Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 12 spans about 133 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the tot ...
q12-q13.
Interactions
Keratin 1 has been shown to
interact with
desmoplakin
Desmoplakin is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ''DSP'' gene. Desmoplakin is a critical component of desmosome structures in cardiac muscle and epidermal cells, which function to maintain the structural integrity at adjacent cell co ...
and
PRKCE.
See also
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34βE12 34βE12, often written as 34betaE12 and also known as CK34βE12 and keratin 903 (CK903), is an antibody specific for high molecular weight cytokeratins 1, 5, 10 and 14.
It is sometimes, less precisely, referred to as high-molecular weight kerat ...
References
Further reading
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Keratins
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